In both conventional and electronic messaging, a return address is an explicit inclusion of the address of the person sending the message. It provides the recipient (and sometimes authorized intermediaries) with a means to determine how to respond to the sender of the message if needed.
In programming, return address means the position in code where a program shall return after the subroutine in execution terminates. In Computer science, a subroutine ( function, method, procedure, or subprogram) is a portion of code within a larger
In the postal mail of some countries, the return address is conventionally located in the upper left hand corner of the envelope, card, or label. Mail, or post, is a method for transmitting information and tangible objects wherein written Documents typically enclosed in Envelopes and also An envelope is a Packaging product usually made of flat planar material such as Paper or cardboard and designed to contain a flat object which in a postal-service It may or may not include a sender's name, but should include address or P.O. box, city, national division (e. An address is a Code and abstract concept expressing the fixed location of a home business or other building on the earth's surface A post office box (often abbreviated PO Box or PO Box) is a uniquely-addressable lockable box located on the premises of a Post office station g. state, province, county, etc. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. ), and postal code. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a In the United Kingdom, the return address is usually placed on the reverse of the envelope, near the top. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An envelope is a Packaging product usually made of flat planar material such as Paper or cardboard and designed to contain a flat object which in a postal-service
The return address is not required on postal mail. However, lack of a return address prevents the postal service from being able to return the message (or a package's contents) in the case it is undeliverable (such as from damage, lack of postage, or invalid destination. Mail, or post, is a method for transmitting information and tangible objects wherein written Documents typically enclosed in Envelopes and also )
E-mail messages
In e-mail, the return address is the destination for any Delivery Status Notifications and auto-responses. A bounce address is an E-mail address where Bounce messages are delivered to Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving The return address, also called the envelope sender address, is transmitted in the message envelope, separately from the message content (headers and body). A bounce address is an E-mail address where Bounce messages are delivered to In the case of SMTP via the MAIL FROM command. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP) is a De facto standard for electronic mail (e-mail transmissions across the Internet.
When a message is delivered to the recipient's mailbox, the return address is typically recorded in the Return-Path header that is prepended to the message at the destination system.
As with physical mail, the return address of email is easily "forged" to indicate someone other than the actual sender of the message. Spammers, phishers, and other nefarious email senders often forge the return address of email resulting in delivery status notifications and other auto-responses to the forged address, see Joe job and e-mail backscatter. In the field of computer security phishing is the Criminally Fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames Passwords Online a joe job is a spam attack using spoofed sender data and aimed at tarnishing the reputation of the apparent sender and/or induce the recipients to take action against Backscatter (also known as outscatter, misdirected bounces, blowback or collateral spam) is a side-effect of E-mail spam, viruses
Programming
Any useful program is usually subdivided in reusable parts called subroutines or functions. Computer programs (also software programs, or just programs) are instructions for a Computer. In Computer science, a subroutine ( function, method, procedure, or subprogram) is a portion of code within a larger In Computer science, a subroutine ( function, method, procedure, or subprogram) is a portion of code within a larger They can be called in different parts of the same program. Hence, after executing the subroutine, the program should remember where the execution should return. That's the return address, that's pushed on the call stack. In Computer science, a call stack is a dynamic stack data structure which stores information about the active Subroutines of a Computer program
Early computers and FORTRAN compilers simply reserved a position at or before the first location of the subroutine to store the return address. Fortran (previously FORTRAN) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative Programming language that is especially suited to This method does not require a stack, which were not generally built into computers until the late 1960s, but does not support recursion. A similar technique was used by Lotus 1-2-3, which executed a tree walk to compute calculation order. Lotus 1-2-3 is a Spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (now part of IBM) Since cycles were not allowed, no recursion was necessary, and the return location could be stored in a reserved location within each cell. The advantage is that no large stack was required which could potentially require one location for every cell allocated.
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