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For other usages, see Restoration (general disambiguation), Apokatastasis (universal restoration), Christian Zionism (restoration of Israel) and Restorationism (middle ages)

Restorationism, sometimes called Christian primitivism, frequently describes religious movements that believe pristine, or original Christianity is restored in themselves to an important degree. for Christians who belong to Zionist denominations in southern Africa see Zionist Churches Christian Zionism or Restorationism, is a belief These diverse groups teach that a restoration of Christianity has become necessary because Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant Christians introduced grave defects into Christian faith and practice, or have lost a vital element of genuine Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. (see Great Apostasy). The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism

As a descriptive label, restorationism often applies particularly to the Restoration Movement, and numerous other unaffiliated movements that originated in the eastern United States and Canada and grew rapidly in the early and mid 19th century in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Second Great Awakening  (1790–1840s was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival Restoration is also a label self-applied by the Latter Day Saint movement, often called Mormonism, referring to a period which began with Joseph Smith and the publication of the Book of Mormon. In the Latter Day Saint movement, the Restoration was a period in its early history during which a number of events occurred that were understood to be necessary to restore the Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint Mormonism is a term used to describe the religious, ideological and cultural elements of certain branches of the Latter Day Saint movement The Book of Mormon is a Sacred text of the churches in the Latter Day Saint movement.

More recent groups also apply the label "restorationist" to themselves, describing their goal to re-establish Christianity in its original form, such as some anti-denominational "Restorationists" which arose in the 1970s in the United Kingdom[1][2] and elsewhere. In comparable terms, earlier primitivist movements including the Paulicians, Hussites, Anabaptists, radical Baptists, and the Quakers have been described as examples of restorationism. Paulicians (Պավլիկյաններ were a Gnostic and Manichaean Christian group which flourished between 650 and 872 in Anatolia, The Radical Reformation was a 16th century response to what was believed to be both the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Landmarkism is a type of Baptist Ecclesiology. Landmarkism may also appear as Old Landmarkism in some works

Contents

Background

Main article: Second Great Awakening

Leading up to the 19th century, the Calvinist and Wesleyan revival called the Great Awakening had established the Congregationalist, Presbyterian, Baptist and new Methodist churches on competitive footing for social influence in the new America. The Second Great Awakening  (1790–1840s was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The Great Awakenings refer to several periods of rapid and dramatic Religious revival in Anglo-American religious history generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations As that "revival of religion" cooled, there was a retreat from the social gains that had been experienced by Evangelical churches. Furthermore, that revival had strengthened opinion in some quarters that Evangelical religions were weakened and divided, and that loyalty to traditional creeds and doctrines constituted an obstacle to salvation and Christian unity.

The Second Great Awakening made its way across the frontier territories, fed by intense longing for a prominent place for God in the life of the new nation, a new liberal attitude toward fresh interpretations of the Bible and a contagious experience of zeal for authentic spirituality. The Second Great Awakening  (1790–1840s was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival As these revivals spread, they gathered converts to Protestant sects of the time. The revivals eventually moved freely across denominational lines, with practically identical results, and went farther than ever toward breaking down the allegiances which kept adherents to these denominations loyal to their own. Consequently the revivals were accompanied by a growing dissatisfaction with Evangelical churches and especially with the doctrine of Calvinism, which was nominally accepted in most Evangelical churches at the time. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the

A Protest against Protestantism

Restorationists were not content with mere cooperation between denominations. The leaders of these movements did not believe that God intended to simply fatten the old institutions and perpetuate the old divisions with the revivals. They perceived the new religious awakening as the dawn, or at least the harbinger, of a new age. Restorationists sought to re-establish or renew the whole Christian church on the pattern they held to be set forth in the New Testament. They had little regard for the creeds developed over time in Catholicism and Protestantism, which they claimed kept Christianity divided. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Some even claimed the Bible suffered from ancient corruption, which required correction.

The Protestant Reformation came about through a kind of restorationist impulse to repair the Church and return it to its original biblical structure, belief, and practice. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time [3] But the Protestant reform movements, including Puritanism, accepted history as having some "jurisdiction" in Christian faith and life, according to historian Richard T. Hughes. [4] Mark Noll similarly says of the Protestant view that "the Bible may be absolute in its wisdom and authority, but we apprehend its treasures as mediated through history. "[5] The Protestants believed in an historical continuity of the faith, and criticized Roman Catholic traditions in terms of both history and Scripture. Restorationists denied the "jurisdiction" of past historical development, in order to be free to embrace what they understood to be the heavenly pattern originally revealed to Christ's apostles. While Protestants would reject certain church traditions they viewed as not having biblical warrant, such as purgatory and veneration of the saints, various Restorationists would reject beliefs and practices considered orthodox and biblical by Protestants, such as the Sunday Sabbath and the Trinity. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity In Christianity, the Sabbath is generally a weekly religious Day of rest as ordained by one of the Ten Commandments (the third by Roman Catholic SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных

Restorationist organizations include Christian Conventions, Churches of Christ, Disciples of Christ, Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Latter Day Saint movement, Seventh-day Adventists and others. Christian Conventions is a name used for official purposes in various countries by a Non-denominational Christian Restorationist church. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America The Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ are a part of the Restoration Movement and share historical roots with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance These groups teach widely divergent theologies, but they all arose from the belief that the true pattern of the Christian religion died out through apostasy many years before and was finally restored by their churches. Some believe that they alone fully embody this restoration exclusively; others understand themselves as conforming to a rediscovered pattern of original Christianity that is now found in many churches, including their own. This is the official stance of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), for example. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America Some restorationist denominations state that mainline Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox churches are not actually Christian.

Restorationists

Restorationism is based on a belief called the Great Apostasy, that traditional Christianity has departed so far from the original Christian principles that it is not redeemable. The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism Because of its divisions, errors and compromises with the world, the claim is that the corrupted church fell out of line with the church founded by Jesus. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) If there were no apostasy-at-large and a church on the true-and-legitimate pattern was present, there would be no need for a Restoration. Thus, diverse Restorationists share with one another the conviction that there has been an apostasy from the true faith, which they have undertaken to correct.

Some who adopted the Restorationists' basic standpoint simply abandoned certain features of their own tradition, in favor of beliefs that have frequently appeared in other primitivist movements in the past. Typical of such non-traditional views might be adult baptism only, baptism only by immersion, congregationalism, indifference toward trinitarianism, disbelief in hell, lay ministers, non-substitutionary theories of atonement, free-will conversion and often a less-subordinated role for women. Believer's baptism (occasionally called credobaptism, from the Latin word credo) is the Christian practice of Baptism as this is understood by In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Congregationalist polity, often known as congregationalism is a system of Church governance in which every Local church congregation is independent SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering Substitutionary atonement is a Doctrine in Christian theology which states that Jesus of Nazareth died &ndash intentionally and willingly &ndash The atonement is a doctrine found within both Christianity and Judaism.

In some cases these groups believe that the Great Apostasy's departure from essential Christianity was so total and disastrous as to render futile any plan to remodel Christianity on existing foundations, necessitating a restoration so radical that the only feature familiar to traditional Christians is the name of Jesus the Christ.

Restoration Movement

Main article: Restoration Movement

Of these movements, the most optimistic about the then-present state of Christianity was the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement. This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e Others sometimes refer to the followers of this movement as Campbellites; but the movement itself never adopted the term, which it considers disparaging. Campbellite refers to any of the religious groups historically descended from the Restoration Movement, a religious reform movement in the early 19th century in the United These churches strongly preferred to avoid applying to themselves any of the labels of convenience which divide Christians from one another, calling themselves instead by generic New Testament names, such as the Disciples of Christ, or the Church of Christ. The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America They brought together many from Baptist, Congregationalist, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches, and other Christians across a spectrum of Evangelical and also Unitarian Christianity, at first with astounding success. Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God But as the movement progressed it developed non-negotiable distinctives of its own, sometimes referred to disapprovingly as unwritten creeds, and fractured into three major groups—each of which has become a recognizable group (the term "denomination" still being unacceptable to many of them): the Churches of Christ (or "church of Christ"), the Independent Christian Churches and Churches of Christ and the Disciples of Christ. The Churches of Christ discussed The Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ are a part of the Restoration Movement and share historical roots with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America

Christadelphians

Main article: Christadelphians

Dr. Christadelphians (from the Greek for Brothers of Christ / Christ's Brethren: Christou Adelphoi; cf John Thomas (April 12, 1805 - March 5, 1871), was a devout convert to the Restoration movement after a shipwreck at sea on his emigration to America brought to focus his inadequate understanding of the Bible, and what would happen to him should he die. Dr John Thomas ( April 12, 1805 - March 5, 1871) was the founder of the Christadelphian movement a Restorationist religion with This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin This awareness caused him to devote his life to the study of the Bible, which in turn brought him into contact with the teachings of Alexander Campbell. Alexander Campbell (1788 &ndash 1866 was an early leader in the Second Great Awakening of the religious movement that has been referred to as the Restoration, or However, Dr. Thomas could not reconcile his views on baptism and resurrection with Campbell's. Once the split with Campbell was inevitable, Dr. Thomas appealed to the Churches of Christ both in America and in England and a growing movement emerged. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A distinctive body of believers developed whose doctrine incorporated Adventism, anti-trinitarianism, the belief that God is a "substantial and corporeal" being, objection to military service, a lay-membership with full participation by all members and other doctrines consistent with the spirit of the Restorationist movement. The term Adventist generally refers to someone who believes in the Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) in the tradition of the Millerites Nontrinitarianism includes all Christian belief systems that reject as non-scriptural wholly or partly the doctrine of the Trinity; the Doctrine A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking In religious organizations the laity comprises all persons who are not Clergy. [6]

One consequence of objection to military service was the adoption of the name Christadelphians to distinguish this small community of believers and to be granted exemption from military service in the American Civil War. Christadelphians (from the Greek for Brothers of Christ / Christ's Brethren: Christou Adelphoi; cf Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South [6]

Latter Day Saint restorationism

Main article: Latter Day Saint movement

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or "Mormons" believe that Joseph Smith, Jr. was chosen to restore the original organization founded by Jesus "in its fullness", rather than to reform the church. Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon This belief is no longer shared by the second largest branch of the Latter Day Saint Movement, the Community of Christ (formerly The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints). Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint

According to Smith, God the Father and Jesus appeared to him and instructed him that the creeds of the churches of the day "were an abomination in his sight" and that through him, God would restore (or re-establish) the true church. [7] Smith taught that the Great Apostasy was complete and required a full restoration of the original church. The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism This included the Aaronic priesthood and Melchizedek priesthood and the full church structure consisting of prophets, apostles, evangelists and teachers. The Aaronic priesthood (also called the Levitical priesthood) is the lesser of the two (or sometimes three orders of priesthood recognized in Mormonism The Melchizedek priesthood is the name of several priesthoods Joseph Smith founded the Church of Christ in 1830, serving as the first prophet believed to be appointed by Jesus in the "latter days". See also Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation The Church of Christ, later called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was the

Smith published the Book of Mormon, which LDS believe was translated from Golden Plates as directed by an angel Moroni. The Book of Mormon is a Sacred text of the churches in the Latter Day Saint movement. In Latter Day Saint theology the golden plates (also called the gold plates or in some 19th century literature the golden Bible The Angel Moroni (mɒˈroʊnaɪ is an Angel that Joseph Smith Jr Members of the Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism) believe that the Book of Mormon contains a record of the original church of Jesus in the Americas between about 600 BC and 421 AD. Mormonism is a term used to describe the religious, ideological and cultural elements of certain branches of the Latter Day Saint movement In addition, Smith claimed that he received the true authority or Priesthood directly from those who held it anciently, namely John the Baptist, who returned as an angel and gave him and Oliver Cowdery the authority to baptize. In the Latter Day Saint movement, priesthood is considered to be the power and authority of God including the authority to act as a leader in the church and to perform Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Oliver Hervy Pliny Cowdery ( 3 October 1806 – 3 March 1850) was the primary participant with Joseph Smith Jr Saint Peter, Saint James and Saint John, the Apostles, returned as angels and gave Smith and Cowdery the authority to lead the church just as they had done anciently. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e

The church was organized on April 6, 1830 in New York state. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Originally the church was unofficially called the "Church of Christ". See also Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation The Church of Christ, later called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was the Four years later, in April 1834 it was also referred to as the "Church of Latter Day Saints" to differentiate the church of this era from that of the New Testament. Then, in April 1838, the full name was stated as the "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints". [8]

Adventism

Main article: Adventism

Adventism is a Christian eschatological belief which looks for the imminent Second Coming of Jesus to inaugurate the Kingdom of God. The term Adventist generally refers to someone who believes in the Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) in the tradition of the Millerites The term Adventist generally refers to someone who believes in the Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) in the tradition of the Millerites Summary of Christian eschatological differencesIn Christian theology, Christian eschatology is the study of its religious Beliefs concerning all Future and In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic This view involves the belief that Jesus will return to receive those who have died in Christ and those who are awaiting His return and in anticipation of it have made themselves ready.

Millerites and Sabbatarianism

Main article: Millerites
Main article: Sabbatarianism

The Millerites are the most well-known family of the Adventist movements. In Christianity, the Sabbath is generally a weekly religious Day of rest as ordained by one of the Ten Commandments (the third by Roman Catholic They emphasized apocalyptic teachings anticipating the end of the world, and did not look for the unity of Christendom but busied themselves in preparation for Christ's return. Millerites sought to restore a prophetic immediacy and uncompromising biblicism that they believed had once existed but had long been rejected by mainstream Protestant and Catholic churches. From the Millerites descended the Seventh-day Adventists. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance The Worldwide Church of God movement belongs to this category because it sprang from the Seventh Day churches. The Worldwide Church of God (WCG formerly the Radio Church of God, is a Christian church currently based in Glendora California, United States. The personal ministry of Herbert W. Armstrong became the Radio Church of God, which became the Worldwide Church of God. Herbert W Armstrong ( 31 July 1892 - 16 January 1986) was the founder of the Worldwide Church of God and an early pioneer of The Worldwide Church of God (WCG formerly the Radio Church of God, is a Christian church currently based in Glendora California, United States. It later splintered into many other churches and groups when the Worldwide Church of God disassociated itself with the Restoration movements and made major attempts to join the Protestant branch of Christianity. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

Seventh-day Adventists

Main article: Seventh-day Adventists

The Seventh-day Adventist Church grew out of the Adventist movement, in particular the Millerites. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance They are widely considered to be a restorationist church,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Important to the Seventh-day Adventist movement is a belief in progressive revelation,[15] teaching that the Christian life and testimony is intended to be typified by "the Spirit of Prophecy", as is exemplified in the writings of Ellen G. White.

Jehovah's Witnesses

Main article: Jehovah's Witnesses

In the early-mid 1870s a Bible study group led by Charles Taze Russell eventually formed into what was called the Bible Student Movement. Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Charles Taze Russell ( February 16, 1852 &ndash October 31, 1916) also known as Pastor Russell, was a Protestant The Bible Student movement is the name adopted by a Protestant religious movement with premillennialist expectations that emerged from the teachings and Following a widespread schism within the group during the 1920s, and after the death of Russell, the Jehovah's Witnesses emerged as separate religious organization while maintaining control of the legal organs of the Bible Society Russell had incorporated. Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination They believe that Russell was not the founder of a new religion,[16] but that he restored true Christianity from the apostasy that Jesus and the Apostle Paul foretold. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and They believe that they are the true Christians and all other Churches departed in a Great Apostasy from the original faith on major points. The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism Like the Millerites, the Witnesses believe that the original faith could be restored through a generally literal interpretation of the Bible and a sincere commitment to follow its teachings. They focused on the restoration of a number of key doctrinal points derived from their interpretation of the Bible, including the use of the common English transliteration of the Tetragrammaton "Jehovah" as God's personal name; a rejection of trinitarianism (they believe that the Father and Son are two separate entities, and the Holy Spirit is an influence from God, without its own personality); the rejection of the definition of hell as a place of eternal torment;[17] active proselytization; strict neutrality in political affairs; total abstinence from military service; and a belief in the imminent manifestation of the Kingdom of God on Earth. See also Yahweh Tetragrammaton (from the Greek, meaning ' of four letters' (tetra "four" + gramma (gen Yahweh|God in Abrahamic religions Jehovah is an English reading of, the most frequent form of the Tetragrammaton, the name of God in the Hebrew Bible, in SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion The name "Jehovah's Witnesses" was adopted in 1931, under second president Judge Rutherford. Joseph Franklin Rutherford ( 8 November 1869 — 8 January 1942) often referred to as "Judge" Rutherford was the second president of The other branch of the Bible Student Movement, known as Bible Students, although sharing some of the same doctrinal views of Jehovah's Witnesses, have no connections with them in fellowship or Bible study, differ significantly on many other doctrinal points, and believe that they hold to a purer form of truth which the Witnesses have fallen away from.

Charismatic Restorationism

Main article: Charismatic Restorationism

British New Church Movement

During the charismatic movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which focused on the transformation of individuals, a group of largely ex-Brethren and Pentecostal leaders formed what has become known as the Charismatic Restorationist Movement. The term charismatic movement describes the adoption from the early twentieth century onwards of certain beliefs typical of those held by Pentecostal Christians — specifically Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism These leaders, of whom Arthur Wallis, David Lillie and Cecil Cousen were at the forefront, focused on the nature of the church and shared a distinctive view that authentic church order was being restored to the whole church. Arthur Wallis (1922–1988 itinerant Bible teacher and author This authentic church order centred on what is referred to as the "fivefold ministries", as listed in Ephesians 4:11: Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Teachers and Pastors. Although the Charismatic Movement brought the Pentecostal gifts to the denominational churches, these restorationists considered denominationalism unbiblical, and shared a conviction that God would cause the church to be directly organised and empowered by the holy spirit.

The movement has grown to number thousands of adherents worldwide, and notable church networks include Newfrontiers led by Terry Virgo, Salt and Light Ministries International led by Barney Coombs and (arguably) Ichthus Christian Fellowship led by Roger and Faith Forster. New Frontiers redirects here New Frontiers program is a NASA space program to explore the solar system Terry Virgo (1940- is the leader of the Newfrontiers family of charismatic evangelical churches Barney Coombs is the leader of the International Council of Salt and Light Ministries, and Senior Leader at West Coast Christian Fellowship, Vancouver Canada Ichthus Christian Fellowship is a Christian church movement based in London United Kingdom.

Shepherding Movement

Main article: Shepherding Movement

The British leaders of charismatic restorationism mutually recognised a parallel movement in the USA centered on the Fort Lauderdale Five; Derek Prince, Don Basham, Bob Mumford, Charles Simpson and Ern Baxter. The Shepherding Movement (sometimes called the "Discipleship Movement" was an influential and controversial movement within some British and American charismatic churches Peter Derek Vaughan Prince (1915-2003 was an internationally recognised Bible teacher whose daily Radio programme Derek Prince Legacy Radio (hosted by Don Wilson Basham (1926-1989 was a popular Bible teacher and author This movement became known as the Shepherding Movement and was the subject of significant controversy in the mid-1970s. The Shepherding Movement (sometimes called the "Discipleship Movement" was an influential and controversial movement within some British and American charismatic churches The movement left a significant legacy through its influence on contemporary ministries International Churches of Christ, Maranatha Campus Ministries and Great Commission International. The International Churches of Christ (typically abbreviated to ICOC is a body of Autonomous, Non-denominational, religiously conservative culturally innovative Maranatha Campus Ministries was a Charismatic / Pentecostal -oriented Christian ministry founded by Bob Weiner which existed from 1971 The Great Commission church movement is a broad term used to describe the entities associated with an evangelical Christian movement formalized in the USA

Apostolic-Prophetic Movement

Main article: Apostolic-Prophetic Movement

More recently another form of charismatic restorationism with a similar recognition of the apostolic office has emerged in the form of the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement, centered on the Kansas City Prophets. Leading proponents of the movement include C. Peter Wagner, Rick Joyner, Mike Bickle and Lou Engle. Charles Peter Wagner (1930- is a former professor of Church Growth at Fuller Theological Seminary School of World Mission Rick Joyner heads MorningStar Ministries (also known as MorningStar Publications and Ministries which he cofounded with his wife Julie Joyner in 1985 Mike Bickle is the president and director of the International House of Prayer (IHOP president of Friends of the Bridegroom (FOTB and co-founder of The Joseph Company of

Iglesia ni Cristo

Main article: Iglesia ni Cristo

The Iglesia ni Cristo is an organization that originated in the Philippines. The Iglesia ni Cristo (ɪˈgleʃɐ ni ˈkɾisto Tagalog for Church of Christ; also known as INC, formerly called Iglesya ni Kristo or The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP [18] The INC was incorporated in the Philippines by Felix Y. Manalo on July 27, 1914;[19] The church professes to be the reestablishment of the original church founded by Jesus and teaches that the original church was apostatized. Félix Ysagun Manalo (born Félix Manalo Ysagun May 10, 1886 - April 12, 1963) was the first Executive Minister of the religious organization Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It does not teach the doctrine of the Trinity, as well as the Divinity of Jesus. SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных [20][21]

Local Churches

Main article: Local churches

The local churches are a Christian movement influenced by the teachings of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee and associated with the Living Stream Ministry publishing house. Watchman Nee (倪柝聲 Pinyin: Ní Tuòshēng 1903–1972 was a Chinese Christian author and church leader during the early 20th Century Witness Lee (李常受 Pinyin Lǐ Chángshòu ( 1905 – June 9, 1997) was a Chinese Christian preacher and church leader associated with the Living Stream Ministry (LSM founded in 1968, is a non-profit corporation based in Anaheim California, affiliated with the local church movement. Its members see themselves as separate from other Christian groups, denominations, and movements, part of what they sometimes call "the Lord's recovery". One of the defining features of the local churches is their adherence to the principle that all Christians in a city or locality are automatically members of the one church in that locality. Another defining feature is the lack of an official organization or official name for the movement. The local churches believe that to take a name would be disrespectful and insulting to the name of Jesus. To distinguish themselves each local church refers to itself only as "the church in -insert-locality-". [22]

Restorationist dates for the Great Apostasy

Main article: Great Apostasy

Restorationism is often criticized for rejecting the traditions followed by the early church, but different restoration groups have treated tradition differently. The Great Apostasy is a term used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism While some view all the Church Fathers as unreliable witnesses to the original Apostolic Church, others find in the earliest Church Fathers proof that the early church believed and practiced as some restorationists do, and the late Church Fathers differences as evidences of a gradual or sudden falling away. The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church Common to all restorationism is the belief that the Church Fathers or post-apostolic church leadership had no authorization to change the church's beliefs and practices, but did so nevertheless.

The Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the apostasy started after the death of the last apostle, John. They believe that the Holy Spirit held the apostasy back in full force but after John died the spirit let the apostasy grow. They believe that it came in full after the First Council of Nicaea. The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicaea in Bithynia (present-day İznik in Turkey) convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine Still, they believe that throughout all that time there were true Christians alive until the beginning of the restoration.

The Latter-day Saints also assign a very early date for the apostasy, beginning shortly after the deaths of the original Twelve Apostles at approximately 100 AD, and certainly being in a full state of apostasy by the 4th century. With this early date, they claim the least need to reconcile known writings and practices of the early church and Church Fathers. The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church Although their writings are sometimes cited to show reminiscences of earlier true practices, they are also used to demonstrate that doctrine and understanding had been already altered.

The Sabbatarians have generally agreed on the approximate date of 135 AD as the start of the apostasy. Justin Martyr in about 160 AD had specifically defended the first day assembly, and so is considered an apostate to Sabbatarians. Saint Justin Martyr (also Justin the Martyr, Justin of Caesarea, Justin the Philosopher, Latin Iustinus Martyr or Flavius Nevertheless, the early church history recorded the continued keeping of the Saturday Sabbath for creation and Sunday Sabbath for the Resurrection in Hippolytus's time. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath In Christianity, the Sabbath is generally a weekly religious Day of rest as ordained by one of the Ten Commandments (the third by Roman Catholic For places named after the saint see Saint-Hippolyte Saint Hippolytus of Rome (c They view the apostasy as not complete until the church stopped keeping the Sabbath sometime after Constantine. Persecutions See also Persecution of Christians The first recorded significant persecution of Christians at the hands of the authorities of the Roman Empire

The Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement views the Great Apostasy as a gradual process. Ignatius promoted obedience to the bishop in about 100 AD,[23] which is viewed by some as signaling the introduction of the idea of a professional clergy, who began to elevate themselves over the people, leading by a gradual process of corruption to the prophesied "man of lawlessness". In Christian eschatology, the Man of Sin, or Man of Lawlessness in some translations is a person who according to 2 Thessalonians 23 will be revealed Infant baptism, which restorationists condemned as coercive church membership, is similarly viewed. Infant baptism is the Christian religious practice of baptizing infants or young children They believe that only adult baptism was practiced at least to the time of Tertullian, but that infant baptism was introduced locally around the time of Irenaeus. Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Anglicised as Tertullian, (ca They often reject notions of original sin which entail a corruption of human nature, and admit only a defilement of mankind's habitual environment, traditions or culture. Original sin is according to a doctrine in Catholic theology, humanity's state of Sin resulting from the Fall of Man. As do other Restorationists, they saw the church-state alliance under Constantine (see also Constantine I and Christianity and Christendom) as a kind of captivity of the church through the centralized power of the bishops. Persecutions See also Persecution of Christians The first recorded significant persecution of Christians at the hands of the authorities of the Roman Empire Christendom usually refers to Christianity as a territorial phenomenon Finally, the development of the idea of the supremacy and universal authority of the Bishop of Rome is considered the completion of the Great Apostasy from which the Protestant Reformation only partially recovered, but most nearly did so among the Anabaptists and the Baptists. The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic tradition as the Pope.

See also

 v • d • e  Christian Denominations in

Restoration Movement

Mormonism

Millerites

Other

17th century Christian denominations in Britain with some similar views:

External links

References

  1. ^ Evangelicalism in modern Britain: a history from the 1730s to the 1980s, David W. The Churches of Christ discussed The International Churches of Christ (typically abbreviated to ICOC is a body of Autonomous, Non-denominational, religiously conservative culturally innovative The Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ are a part of the Restoration Movement and share historical roots with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America Bebbington, pub 1995, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0415104645, pg 230,231; 245-249
  2. ^ Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction, Stephen J. Hunt, pub 2003, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd; ISBN 0754634108, pg 82,83
  3. ^ Richard Hooker. Martin Luther, The Freedom of a Christian. Retrieved on 2007-03-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
  4. ^ The American Quest for the Primitive Church, ed. Richard T. Hughes, 1995, University of Illinois Press. Introduction, Hughes, page 5, "Here is the central point: the extent of history's jurisdiction. ", ISBN 0252060296
  5. ^ ,ibid; Primitivism in Fundamentalism and American Biblical Scholarship by Mark Noll, page 127
  6. ^ a b Our History. Williamsburg Christadelphians. Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
  7. ^ (See Pearl of Great Price: Joseph Smith - History: Chapter 1:19)
  8. ^ See The Doctrine and Covenants, Section 115:4
  9. ^ The Restorationist denominations in Christianity.
  10. ^ Seventh-Day Adventists - Christianity - Restorationism - Religion/Spirituality.
  11. ^ Restorationism - World Religions.
  12. ^ Igreja Nova, Estado de Alagoas, Brazil - Pages: List of Christian denominations - glosk.
  13. ^ Restorationism - Restorationists.
  14. ^ Mainstream Protestants, Adventists Make Efforts to Remove 'Stereotypes'.
  15. ^ Seventh-day Adventist Doctrines and Progressive Revelation.
  16. ^ Jehovah's Witnesses – Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. chap. 31 p. 707 "A biography of Russell, published shortly after his death, explained: “He was not the founder of a new religion, and never made such claim. He revived the great truths taught by Jesus and the Apostles,"
  17. ^ The Hebrew she’ohl´ and its Greek equivalent hai´des, which refer, not to an individual burial place, but to the common grave of dead mankind; (1988) Reasoning From The Scriptures. Watchtower, 169.  
  18. ^ Sanders, Albert J. , "An Appraisal of the Iglesia ni Cristo," in Studies in Philippine Church History, ed. Anderson, Gerald H. (Cornell University Press, 1969)
  19. ^ Tipon, Emmanuel (Jul 28, 2004). "Iglesia Ni Cristo celebrates 90th anniversary". PhilippineNews. com. Retrieved August 19, 2005
  20. ^ Shepherd, Harvey. "Millions mark Church of Christ's 80th anniversary; Founded in the Philippines by Brother Manalo", The Gazette (Montreal), July 30, 1994, pp. The Gazette, often called the Montreal Gazette to avoid ambiguity is now the only English-language daily Newspaper published in Montreal, Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)  H. 7.   (as cited by ProQuest)
  21. ^ Aromin, Rubin D. "God's Own Special People", God's Message (Manila: Iglesia ni Kristo, July 2001) cited by Student621. Bible Students Page at tripod.com. ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor Michigan -based electronic publisher and Microfilm publisher Retrieved July 6, 2005. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  22. ^ Local Churches Beliefs.
  23. ^ Eph 6:1, Mag 2:1,6:1,7:1,13:2, Tr 3:1, Smy 8:1,9:1

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