Република Српска Republika Srpska Republic of Srpska
Flag Emblem
Patron Saint Saint Stephen1
Location of Republika Srpska (yellow) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The flag of the Republika Srpska is based on the red-blue-white Serbian tricolour. Emblem of Republika Srpska is the current symbol of Republika Srpska. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan 2
Location Bosnia and Herzegovina on the European continent
Capital		Sarajevo (official), Banja Luka (de facto)
Official languages		Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian3
Ethnic groups (2006 est)		Serbs: 88% Bosniaks: 8% Croats: 4%
Demonym		Bosnian Serb
Government		Parliamentary system
-	President	Rajko Kuzmanović (SNSD)
-	Prime Minister	Milorad Dodik (SNSD)
Entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina
-	Proclaimed	28 February 1992
-	Recognized in BiH constitution	14 December 1995 . Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which This is list of presidents of Republika Srpska since its declaration in 1992 Rajko Kuzmanović (Рајко Кузмановић ( December 1, 1931 in Čelinac) is a Serb politician in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats ( Serbian: Савез независних социјалдемократа or Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrat a is a This is list of prime ministers of Republika Srpska since it's declaration in 1992. Milorad "Roki" Dodik (Милорад Додик (born March 12, 1959, Laktaši, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats ( Serbian: Савез независних социјалдемократа or Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrat a is a Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 . .
Area
-	Total	24,857.2 km²  9,677 sq mi
-	Water (%)	N/A
Population
-	2006 estimate	1,487,785 4
-	1996 census	1,475,288 5
-	Density	60/km²  155/sq mi
Currency		Convertible Mark (BAM)
Time zone		CET (UTC+1)
-	Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Even though the Constitutional Court has ruled against and even in favor of individual national symbols on entity flags/coats of arms/anthem (RS and FBiH), the Constitutional Court has, in a spontaneous decision, decided that national symbols are to be banned from entity flags, coats of arms, and anthem (anthem applies to RS only, since FBiH does not have one) The decision was passed on January 29, 2007. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [1] This decision entered into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina on March 31, 2007. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [2]
1	St. Stephen's day is celebrated as the Day of the Republika Srpska and falls on January 9 according to the calendar of the Eastern Orthodox Church (in the RS, the Serb Orthodox Church). Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the It has been ruled unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2	Although the Brčko District is formally held in condominium by both entities simultaneously (the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), it is a de facto third entity, as it has all the same powers as the other two entities and is under the direct sovereignty of BiH. Brčko District ( Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian: Brčko distrikt (Брчко дистрикт in Cyrillic) in northeastern Bosnia In International law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin or condominiums is a political territory (state or border area in or over which two or Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political [3] [4]
3	The Constitution of Republika Srpska avoids naming the languages, and lists the "languages of Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats. The Constitution of Republika Srpska is the chief legal act of Republika Srpska, an entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
4	excluding RS's 48% of the Brčko District
5	including refugees abroad

Republika Srpska (Serbian: Република Српска, Republika Srpska (listen (help·info)), also Српска, Srpska; Bosnian and Croatian: Republika Srpska; English: Republic of Srpska or Republika Srpska) is one of the two political entities which represent a lower level of governance in the present-day country of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the other entity is the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brčko District ( Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian: Brčko distrikt (Брчко дистрикт in Cyrillic) in northeastern Bosnia Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political As indicated under Article 9 of the Constitution of Republika Srpska, "the capital of Republika Srpska is Sarajevo". The Constitution of Republika Srpska is the chief legal act of Republika Srpska, an entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with However, its de facto capital is Banja Luka. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest The entity is home to three ethnic "constituent peoples": Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats. More than 95% of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of its three constitutive ethnic groups: Bosniaks, Serbs and Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries It was also known as the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during a period in 1992. Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Contents 1 Name 2 Geography 2.1 Boundary 2.2 Municipalities 2.3 Cities 3 History 3.1 Creation of the Republika Srpska 3.2 Republika Srpska and the Bosnian War 3.3 The post-war Republika Srpska 4 Demographics 4.1 1991 4.1.1 Note 4.2 1996 4.3 2007 4.4 Modern estimates 4.5 Vital Statistics 5 Economy 5.1 Foreign investment 5.2 External trade 5.3 Taxation 5.4 Salaries 6 Government and politics 6.1 External relations 6.2 The status of Republika Srpska 7 Culture 7.1 People 7.2 Museums 7.3 Sport 7.4 Education 7.5 Media 8 Currency 9 Internet domains 10 References 11 See also 12 External links

Name

The word "Srpska" can be interpreted as an adjective ("Serb"), and, bearing in mind language rules for the creation of names of countries in Serbian and other Slavic languages, also as a proper noun. In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Serbian name for several countries is analogous: France - Republika Francuska (Република Француска), which is also the official French name for France (République Française); Croatia - Republika Hrvatska (Република Хрватска); Bulgaria - Republika Bugarska (Република Бугарска), and so on. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian However, in these cases there has long existed an appropriate Latinized translation of the name to English. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

The government of Republika Srpska uses the term "Republic of Srpska" in English translations of official documents. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Republika Srpska is sometimes translated as "Serb Republic", although it should be mentioned that this is not universally accepted, as some believe it to be a mistranslation. Those who oppose such translation argue that the Republika Srpska per its constitution is an entity of three ethnic groups so the possessive adjective in this translation tends to violate rights of other two constituent ethnicities in the entity by describing the entity as belonging to only one ethnic group. The similar name convention is given to the other BiH entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also referred to as Muslim-Croat Federation which is implied to violate the rights of the Serbs in that entity. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Both naming conventions largely stem from the nationalist animosities apparent in both entities following the 1990's Bosnian War. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995

Geography

Boundary

The Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL) that distinguishes Bosnia and Herzegovina's two entities essentially runs along the military front lines as they existed at the end of the Bosnian War, with adjustments (most importantly in the western part of the country and around Sarajevo) made at the Dayton peace conference. The Inter-Entity Boundary Line (IEBL divides Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The total length of the IEBL is approximately 1,080 km. The IEBL is an administrative demarcation and not controlled by the military or police and there is free movement across it.

Municipalities

Main article: Municipalities of Republika Srpska

Under the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in 1994, Republika Srpska was divided into 80 municipalities. Under the "Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government" adopted in 1994, Republika Srpska was divided into 80 municipalities After the conclusion of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the law was amended in 1996 to reflect the changes to the country's borders and now provides for the division of Republika Srpska into 63 municipalities.

Cities

The largest towns in Republika Srpska are:

• Banja Luka - 200,000
• Bijeljina - 100,000
• Prijedor - 98,000
• Doboj - 96,000
• East Sarajevo - 71,210
• Gradiška - 75,000
• Trebinje - 70,000
• Prnjavor - 45,000
• Mrkonjić Grad - 40,000
• Foča - 35,000
• Novi Grad - 30,000
• Bileća - 25,000
• Modriča - 32,000
• Čelinac - 20,000

Note: the town of Brčko is part of the Brčko District, which is part of both entities (the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest Bijeljina ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељина is a city and municipality in northeastern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prijedor ( Serbian Cyrillic: Приједор is a second largest town and municipality in RS. Doboj ( Serbian Cyrillic: Добој is a city and a Municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, situated on the river Istočno Sarajevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Источно Сарајево English: East Sarajevo) is the capital of the Republika Srpska entity of Gradiška ( Cyrillic: Градишка is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trebinje ( Cyrillic: Требиње is the Southern most Municipality and Town in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Mrkonjić Grad ( Cyrillic: Мркоњић Град is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska entity Foča ( Cyrillic: Фоча is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river in the Foča Region region Bosanski Novi previously known as Bosanski Novi is a town and municipality in northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity Bosnia and Herzegovina Bileća ( Serbian Cyrillic: Билећа is a town and municipality in the southeast of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Modriča ( Cyrillic: Модрича is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Čelinac ( Cyrillic: Челинац is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brčko District ( Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian: Brčko distrikt (Брчко дистрикт in Cyrillic) in northeastern Bosnia The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political

History

Main article: History of Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. This is the history of Republika Srpska, one of the two entities comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos in the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Illyrians has come to refer to a broad ill-defined " Indo-European " group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans ( Illyria, roughly Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BC displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former lands, but some Celtic and Illyrian tribes mixed. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BC, but Rome wouldn't complete its annexation of the region until 9th century. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Events By place Greece The First Illyrian War starts when the Roman Senate dispatches an army under the command of the Consuls The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In the Roman period, Latin-speaking settlers from all over the Roman empire settled among the Illyrians and Roman soldiers were encouraged to retire in the region. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Christianity had already arrived in the region by the end of the 1st century, and numerous artifacts and objects from the time testify to this. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. Following events from the years 337 and 395 when the Empire split, Dalmatia and Pannonia were included in the Western Roman Empire. Events By Place Roman Empire September 9 — Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their Events By Place Roman Empire After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Empire is re-divided into an eastern and a western half Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455, and further exchanged hands between the Alans and Huns in the years to follow. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy By the 6th century, Emperor Justinian had re-conquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or The Slavs, a migratory people from northeastern Europe, were subjugated by the Eurasian Avars in the 6th century, and together they invaded the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries, settling in what is now Republika Srpska and the surrounding lands. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. More South Slavs, mostly Serbs, came in a second wave, and according to some scholars were invited by Emperor Heraclius to drive the Avars from Dalmatia. Heraclius, or Herakleios (Flavius Heraclius Augustus;) (c 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the East

Upon their arrival, the Slavs brought with them a tribal social structure, which probably fell apart and gave way to feudalism only with Frankish penetration into the region in the late 9th century. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. It was also around this time that the south Slavs were Christianized. The region of Republika Srpska had been part of the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia, whose borders were often fluctuant. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between However, by the high middle ages the Bosnian nobles began to become increasingly independent, ruling over an area of which gradually increased in size. This occurred due to external political circumstances. Croatia had been acquired by the Hungarian Kingdom, and the Serbian state to the southeast was in a period of stagnation. Control over Bosnia subsequently was contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine empire. The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 History of the region from then until the early 14th century was marked by the power struggle between the Šubić and Kotromanić families. The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages they held the county of Bribir (Varvaria in The Kotromanić dynasty is a Bosnian ruling house that ruled in the regions of Bosnia and the surrounding lands from the 13th century as Bans until the This conflict came to an end in 1322, when Stjepan II Kotromanić became ban. Stephen II Kotromanić of Bosnia ( Bosnian and language|Croatian] Stjepan II Kotromanić, Serbian: Стефан II Котроманић) By the time of his death in 1353, he had succeeded in annexing territories to the north and west, as well as Zahumlje and parts of Dalmatia. Zachlumia ( Croatian: Zahumlje Serbian: Захумље also known as the Land of the Hum and Chelm, was a Medieval He was succeeded by his nephew Tvrtko who, following a prolonged struggle with nobility and inter-family strife, gained full control of the country in 1367. Stephen Tvrtko I ( Bosnian, Croatian: Stjepan Tvrtko; Serbian: Stefan Tvrtko, Cyrillic: Стефан (1338 Under Tvrtko, Bosnia grew in both size and power, finally becoming an independent kingdom in 1377. The title of King Tvrtko was "King of Serbs, Bosnia and the Seacoast". Following his death in 1391 however, Bosnia fell into a long period of decline. The Ottoman Empire had already started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Finally, after decades of political and social instability, Bosnia officially fell in 1463. Herzegovina would follow in 1482, with a Hungarian-backed reinstated "Bosnian Kingdom" being the last to succumb in 1527. Herzegovina ( Bosnian, Croatian: Hercegovina, Serbian: Херцеговина) is a traditionally

Throughout the mid-19th century, Herzegovina was a target of expansion of the young Montenegrin state in the name of the liberation of the Serbian people from Ottoman rule. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Herzegovinian Serbs and Croats actively participated in the Montenegrin efforts to liberate them and to that end, they frequently rose in rebellion against the Ottoman rule. These efforts culminated in 1875 and 1876, during the Nevesinjska puška uprising. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Nevesinje ( Cyrillic: Невесиње is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in eastern Herzegovina between Mostar Montenegro did succeed in liberating and annexing large parts of Herzegovina before the Berlin Congress of 1878, including the Nikšić area. See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nikšić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић is a city in Montenegro (

In 1878, territory of present Republika Srpska, was occupied by Austria-Hungary, only nominally remaining under Ottoman rule. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This caused great resentment among its populace which resisted the invaders in small flare-ups of rebellious activity that ended in 1882. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Serbian population of Herzegovina and Bosnia had hoped that the province would be divided and annexed to Serbia and Montenegro. The occupation caused a temporary rift in the Serbo-Austrian relations and threatened to grow into an open conflict.

Although successful economically, Austro-Hungarian policy - which focused on advocating the ideal of a pluralist and multi-confessional Bosnian nation (largely favored by the Muslims) - failed to curb the rising tides of nationalism. The concept of Croat and Serb nationhood had already spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Catholics and Orthodox communities from neighboring Croatia and Serbia in the mid 19th century, and was too well-entrenched to allow for the wide-spread acceptance of a parallel idea of Bosnian nationhood. By the latter half of the 1910s, nationalism was an integral factor of Bosnian politics, with national political parties corresponding to the three groups dominating elections.

The idea of a unified South Slavic state (typically expected to be spear-headed by independent Serbia) became a popular political ideology in the region at this time, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to formally annex Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 (i. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year e. Bosnian crisis) added to a sense of urgency among these nationalists. The Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909 also known as the Annexation crisis, erupted into public view when on October 5, 1908, Bulgaria declared its independence The political tensions caused by all this culminated on June 28, 1914, when Serb nationalist youth Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo; an event that proved to be the spark that set off World War I. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Gavrilo Princip ( Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип gaʋ'rilɔ 'prinʦip ( &ndash) was a Bosnian Serb and proclaimed himself to be a Yugoslav Franz Ferdinand ( December 18, 1863 &ndash June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Imperial of TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All During the war Austrian authorities commit numerous severe crimes against Serbian civilian population.

Following World War I, territory of present Republika Srpska was incorporated into the South Slav Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

Once the kingdom of Yugoslavia was conquered by Nazi forces in World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the Nazi-puppet state of Croatia. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. The Nazi rule over Bosnia led to widespread persecution. The Jewish population was nearly exterminated. The Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and varied history surviving World War II and the Yugoslav Wars, after having Many Serbs in the area took up arms and joined the Chetniks; a Serb nationalist and royalist resistance movement that both conducted guerrilla warfare against the Nazis. The Chetnik movement or the Chetniks ( Serbian: Četnici, Cyrillic script: Четници were a Serbian -nationalist/ royalist Starting in 1941, Yugoslav communists under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito organized their own multi-ethnic resistance group, the partisans, who fought against both Axis and Chetnik forces. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries Ante Pavelić, the Ustaša, subjected ethnic Serbs, together with much smaller minorities of Jews and Roma, to a campaign of genocidal persecution. For the vice president of the National assembly of the State of Slovenes Croats and Serbs see Ante Pavelić (1869 Ante Pavelić ( July For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: Estimates for the number of Serbs killed in World War II vary between 500,000 and 1. 2 million. Of that number Ustaše, according to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, killed 330,000–390,000 ethnic Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is a national institution located adjacent to The National Mall in Washington D Senior German officers and diplomats in the region cited figures up to twice as high. For instance Hitler's high plenipotentiary in SE Europe, Hermann Neubacher, later wrote: "When leading Ustaše state that one million Orthodox Serbs (including babies, children, women and old men) were slaughtered, this in my opinion is a boasting exaggeration. Hermann Neubacher ( June 24, 1893 - July 1, 1960) was an Austrian Nazi politician who held a number of diplomatic posts in On the basis of reports I received, I estimated that three quarters of a million defenceless people were slaughtered. "

Military success eventually prompted the Allies to support the Partisans, and the end of the war resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with the constitution of 1946 officially making Bosnia and Herzegovina one of six constituent republics in the new state. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Because of its central geographic position within the Yugoslavian federation, post-war Bosnia was strategically selected as a base for the development of the military defense industry. This contributed to a large concentration of arms and military personnel in Bosnia; a significant factor in the war that followed the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. However, Bosnia's existence within Yugoslavia, for the large part, was peaceful and prosperous. Being one of the poorer republics in the early 1950s it quickly recovered economically, taking advantage of its extensive natural resources to stimulate industrial development. The Yugoslavian communist doctrine of "brotherhood and unity" particularly suited Bosnia's diverse and multi-ethnic society that, because of such an imposed system of tolerance, thrived culturally and socially. Brotherhood and unity ( Bratstvo i jedinstvo /Братство и јединство Братство и единство Bratstvo in enotnost Bashkim dhe Vëllazërim

Creation of the Republika Srpska

During the political crisis that followed the secession of Slovenia and Croatia from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on June 25, 1991, a separate Bosnian Serb Assembly was founded on October 24, 1991, as the representative body of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The National Assembly of the Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске / Narodna skupština Republike Srpske) is Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Most Bosnian Serbs opposed any suggestion that Bosnia should also leave Yugoslavia. Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska At this point, Serbs constituted about 31. 4% of the population of Bosnia, with Croats (17. 3%), Bosniaks (43. 7%) and Yugoslavs (5. 5%) making up the rest of the population.

The leading Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serb Democratic Party, led by Radovan Karadžić, organized the creation of "Serb autonomous provinces" (SAOs) within Bosnia and the establishment of an assembly to represent them. The Serbian Democratic Party ( Serbian: Српска демократска Странка Srpska Demokratska Stranka, СДС SDS) is a Republika Radovan Karadžić (Радован Караџић râdovaːn kâraʤiʨ born in Petnjica, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Bosnian In November 1991, the Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with Serbia and Montenegro. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! On January 9, 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Република српског народа Босне и Херцеговине / Republika srpskog naroda Bosne i Hercegovine). Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) On February 28, 1992, the constitution of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan

The referendum and creation of SAOs were proclaimed unconstitutional by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and declared illegal and invalid. Constitutionality is the status of a law, a procedure or an act's accordance with the laws or guidelines set forth in the applicable Constitution. However, from February 29 to March 2, 1992 the government held a referendum on Bosnian independence from Yugoslavia. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) That referendum was in turn declared contrary to the BiH and Federal constitution by the Yugoslav Federal Constitutional court and rebel Bosnian Serb authorities; it was largely boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs. The turnout was somewhere between 64-67%, and 98% of the voters voted for independence. It was unclear what the two-thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied. Almost all Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serb people in the Bosnian parliament. An independent Bosnia was proclaimed in March, by which time the country had already plunged into ethnic conflict, caused by the secession. The resistance to the secession of Bosnia-Herzegovina was assisted by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and paramilitary forces from Serbia. ^{[5] [6]} On April 6, 1992, the European Community formally recognised the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 The Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence on April 7, 1992. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) On August 12, 1992, the reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina was dropped from the name, and it became simply Republika Srpska. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan

Republika Srpska and the Bosnian War

During the next three years, Republika Srpska was one of the three warring sides in the Bosnian War, the others being the pre-dominantly Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) internationally-recognised Government of BiH and the Bosnian Croat statelet of Herzeg-Bosna. The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske The Croatian Council of Defence (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane HVO) was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( ARBiH; Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine) was a military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia ( Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna, Аутономна Покрајина The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna was an unrecognised entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina that existed between 1991 and 1994 as a result of At the start of the war, the RS was in a much stronger military position compared to the other two sides. Its army, the VRS (Army of Republika Srpska), was created from Bosnian Serb members of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and was heavily armed and equipped from JNA stockpiles in Bosnia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA YPA ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian: Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija or Jugoslovenska ^[7] In addition, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provided extensive humanitarian, logistical and financial support for the Republika Srpska and its military with the ultimate goal of annexing the territory controlled by the VRS and making it a part of Serbia. ^[8]

By 1994, the United Nations estimated that more than half a million non-Serbs had been driven out from the territory controlled by Republika Srpska and by the spring of 1996, a United Nations census indicated that Serbs constituted 96. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security 8% of the population of the republic. However, the republic's actions produced worldwide condemnation, the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in 1993 and the eventual indictment of the Republika Srpska military and civilian leadership for war crimes on the non-Serb population,^[9] killing, torturing and raping at detention camps,^[10] and the siege of Sarajevo). The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied The Siege of Sarajevo was conducted by the Serb forces of self-proclaimed Republika Srpska and Yugoslav People's Army (later transformed to the TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with

In 1995, Republika Srpska came close to collapse in the face of military offensives by the Croat/Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) forces and a concerted two-week campaign of NATO air strikes. The North Atlantic Treaty Bosnian territory under RS control was reduced by one third and it later acceded to the Dayton Peace Agreement, accepted on its behalf by President Milošević (Bosnian Serb leaders were not able to attend the talks as arrest warrants against them had been issued by the ICTY). The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol Under this accord, RS was recognized as one of two entities that would constitute a newly configured state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of Republika Srpska is 49% of Bosnia's territory, with the Bosniak/Croat Federation constituting the other 51%.

The legal existence of Republika Srpska was postulated by the Agreed Basic Principles issued on September 8, 1995, and the Further Agreed Basic Principles issued on September 26 1995, and was confirmed by the Dayton Peace Agreement. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol According to this peace agreement, the Republika Srpska was recognized as one of the two entities that compose the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The post-war Republika Srpska

Since the war, Republika Srpska has undergone many changes. Several of its wartime leaders were arrested or went into hiding following war crimes indictments, although in practice Radovan Karadžić continued to exert a degree of influence for years after the war's end. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Radovan Karadžić (Радован Караџић râdovaːn kâraʤiʨ born in Petnjica, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Bosnian Some of the non-Serbs expelled during the war have returned to their former homes in Republika Srpska; the non-Serb population has increased to about 10% of the total. However, as in many other former socialist countries, both of Bosnia's entities have experienced severe economic problems during the transition to a market economy. In addition, widespread corruption has seriously hampered Bosnia's recovery from the conflict. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain Some have alleged that corruption is hidden behind nationalism. ^[11]

The UN-appointed High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina has greatly influenced the post-war development of Republika Srpska. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative (OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after Several of its wartime aspects of independence, such as a separate currency, have been abolished. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The dinar was the currency of the Republika Srpska between 1992 and 1998, during and following the Bosnian War A number of senior Republika Srpska officials have been removed from their posts by the High Representative after being accused of corruption and blocking the process of reform and reconstruction. It is likely that the powers of the republic will be further reduced in future, along with those of its Muslim/Croat counterpart, as a more centralized Bosnian-Herzegovinian state is further re-established by the international community. However, since the position of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina is scheduled to be abolished in 2008 with his authority transferred to local politicians, the reform of the country would depend of the will of the politicians from both entities. Also, following Montenegro's decision to split from Serbia following a referendum in Montenegro and increasing dissatisfaction displayed by many Serbs in Republika Srpska, many of the citizens would like a referendum through which an independent Republika Srpska would be created, although the international community deems that entities do not have a right to hold a referendum. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE!

Demographics

See also: Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ethnic Groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska comprises 49% of the land area of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is home to about 34% of the population. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan All data dealing with population, including ethnic distributions, are subject to considerable error due to:

1. the lack of official post-war census figures, that Bosniaks still don't want to held due high Serb removal from Federation of BiH. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political
2. the forced removal of members of minority ethnic groups. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity
3. the huge forced removal of Serbs from the Federation of BiH and, to a lesser extent, the territory of the Republika Srpska Krajina. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina"

1991

According to the 1991 census of BiH, the population of present-day territory of Republika Srpska numbered 1,619,165 inhabitants, including: ^[12]

• Serbs = 880,171 (54. The 1991 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population Census was the last Census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina taken before the Bosnian War. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 4%)
• Bosnian Muslims = 466,458 (28. Muslims by nationality ( Muslimani, Муслимани was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of 8%)
• Croats = 150,414 (9. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 3%)
• others = 122,122 (7. 5%)

Note

In Yugoslavia, unlike the preceding Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bosniaks were not allowed to declare themselves as Bosniaks. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" As a compromise, the Constitution of Yugoslavia was amended in 1968 to list Muslims by nationality recognizing a nation, but not the Bosniak name. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Yugoslav "Muslim by nationality" policy was considered by Bosniaks to be neglecting and opposing their Bosnian identity because the term tried to describe Bosniaks as a religious group not an ethnic one. ^[13] When Bosnia declared independence from the former Yugoslavia, most people who used to declare themselves as Muslims began to declare themselves as Bosniaks. The election law of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, recognizes the results from 1991 population census as results referring to Bosniaks.

1996

In 1996, the population of Republika Srpska numbered 1,475,288 inhabitants, including: ^[12]

• Serbs = 1,427,912 (96. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 8%)
• Bosniaks = 32,344 (2. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" 2%)
• Croats = 15,028 (1. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 0%)
• others = 4 (0. 0)

2007

In 2007, the population of Repuklika Srpska numbered 1,512,108 inhabitants. including:^[12]

• Serbs = 1,430,128 (95. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 9%)
• Bosniaks = 48,108 (3. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" 08%)
• Croats = 33,872 (1. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 9%)
• others = 6 (0. 0%)

Modern estimates

• 1998: 1,428,798
• 1999: 1,448,579
• 2000: 1,469,182
• 2001: 1,490,993

In late 2001 48% of the Brčko District belonging to RS was lost, as it be came a de facto separate entity. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

• 2002: 1,455,446
• 2003: 1,463,465
• 2004: 1,471,529
• 2005: 1,479,634
• 2006: 1,487,785

Vital Statistics

• Total Births (2007): 10,110 (Excluding Citizens living in foreign countries). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]
• Total Deaths(2007): 14,146 [3]
• Total Marriages: 7,816 [4]

In 2006, 82. 54% of the births and 81. 82% of the deaths were Serb, 0. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 61% and 2. 32% Croat, 8. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 10% and 8. 32% Bosniac, 0. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" 76% and 0. 64% Others (Incl. Gypsies) and 8. 00% and 6. 90% unknown ethnicity. Among the Croat ethnic group, there were 70 live births and 320 deaths.

Out of the 7,816 marriages in 2006, in 5,577 marriages both the groom and bride were Serbs. There were 105 Serb-Croat marriages, out of which 51 involved a Serb groom. There were 73 Serb-Bosniac marriages, out of which 43 were Serb groom and Bosniak bride. Vast majority of the German and Ukranian brides and grooms intermarried with Serbs rather than marrying within their own ethnic group. Out of the 16 marriages which involved an ethnic German, none featured both the bride and groom from the same ethnic group. [5]

Economy

See also: Banja Luka Stock Exchange

Republika Srpska uses the convertible mark currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Banja Luka Stock Exchange ( Pronounced: /ˌbaɲaˈluːka/ or BLSE ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалучка берза, Serbian Latin The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible Since a so-called "regulatory guillotine" it takes a few days to register a business in RS, in contrast to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where it takes several months. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political ^[14]

Foreign investment

An agreement on strategic partnership was concluded between the Iron Ore Mine Ljubija Prijedor and the British company LNM, a leading world steel producer. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Loch Ness Monster ( Nessiteras rhombopteryx) is an alleged animal family and upward Incertae sedis, purportedly inhabiting Scotland 's Loch Ness The Russian company Yuzhuralzoloto also signed a strategic partnership with the Lead and Zinc Mine Sase Srebrenica. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Recent foreign investments include privatisation of Telekom Srpske, sold to the Serbian Telekom Srbija for (€646mln, and the sale of the petroleum and oil industry, based in Brod, Modriča and Banja Luka, to Zarubezhneft of Russia, whose investment is expected to total US$970mln in the coming years. Telekom Srpske is a telecommunications company based in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Telekom Srbija (full legal name Preduzeće za telekomunikacije Telekom Srbija a Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Brod is a common Slavic toponym meaning ford. It may refer to the following In Croatia: Slavonski Brod, a city in Croatia Modriča ( Cyrillic: Модрича is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[15] On May 16, 2007 the Czech power utility ČEZ signed a €1. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, CEZ Group ('Skupina ČEZ' is a conglomerate of 96 companies (including the parent company ČEZ a Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 4 bln contract with the Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske, to renovate the Gacko I power plant and build a second, Gacko II. Gacko ( Cyrillic: Гацко is a town and municipality by the same name in southeastern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[16]

External trade

In recent years exports (not including trade with the Federation of BiH) have grown significantly, and the level of import coverage has improved - from 1,130,518mln KM (€565mln) and 38. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political 3% in 2005, to 1,539,229mln KM (€770mln) and 55. 8% in 2006. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In the first two months of 2007 exports grew 19% year on year, and imports by 39%. ^{[17][18][19][20]}

Taxation

Since 2001, Republika Srpska initiated significant reforms in the sector of the tax system, which lowered the tax burden to 28. 6%, one of the lowest in the region. The 10% rate of capital gains tax and income tax are the lowest in Europe and highly stimulating for foreign investment, and there are no limits on the amount of earnings. Increasing the number of taxpayers and budgeted incomes, and creating a stable fiscal system, were necessary for further reforms in the fields of taxation and duties; this area is a priority goal of the RS authorities. VAT has been introduced in 2006. Value added tax ( VAT) or goods and services tax ( GST) is a consumption Tax levied on value added. Income tax is 46% in the RS, compared to nearly 70% in the Federation, and the corporate tax rate is 10%, compared to 30% in the Federation. Corporate tax refers to a Tax levied by various jurisdictions on the Profits made by companies or associations. These tax advantages have led to some companies moving their business to RS from the other entity. ^[14]

Salaries

The average gross salary in August 2004 was 660KM (around 340 EUR). From 1998-2003, the average monthly salary in Republika Srpska increased from 280 to 660KM, according to the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Hercegovina. In January 2007, the average wage was 804KM (€400; gross) or 531KM (€265; net). The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e In Economics gross means before deductions The antonym is net, meaning after deductions The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Net pay is the remaining amount after deductions from the gross salary (net means ultimate ^[21]

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Republika Srpska

Under its constitution, Republika Srpska has a president, parliament (the 83-member National Assembly of Republika Srpska), executive (with a prime minister and several ministries), supreme court and lower courts, customs service (under the state-level customs service), and postal service. This article is about the Politics of the Republika Srpska, one of the two entities that together comprise the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina The National Assembly of the Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске / Narodna skupština Republike Srpske) is It also has its own coat of arms, flag (the Slavic tricolour), and national anthem. The Constitutional Law on Coat of Arms and Anthem of the Republika Srpska was ruled not in conformance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina as it states that those symbols "represent statehood of the Republika Srpska" and are used "in accordance with moral norms of Serb people". According to the Constitutional Court's decision, the Law was to be corrected by September 2006. The national assembly of Republika Srpska formed a board which is going to make a proposal for the anthem and coat of arms of Republika Srpska. Its flagship airline, Air Srpska, ceased operations in 2003. Air Srpska was the official flag carrier Airline of Republika Srpska, an entity of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Although the constitution names Sarajevo as the capital of Republika Srpska, the northwestern city of Banja Luka is the headquarters of most of the institutions of government — including the parliament — and is therefore the de facto capital. TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest

After the war, Republika Srpska retained its army, but in August 2005, under considerable foreign pressure (acting primarily through the Office of the High Representative), the parliament consented to transfer control of Army of Republika Srpska to a state-level ministry and abolish the Republic's defense ministry and army by January 1, 2006. The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative (OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. These reforms were required by NATO as a precondition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's admission to the Partnership for Peace. The North Atlantic Treaty Partnership for Peace (PfP is a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former As of December 14, 2006, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a part of the Partnership for Peace-project. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Partnership for Peace (PfP is a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former

Republika Srpska has its own police force, but in October 2005, again under pressure, the parliament consented to the creation over a five-year period of a single integrated police service at the state level, with local police areas that may cross the Inter-Entity Boundary Line if required based on technical considerations. These reforms were insisted upon by the European Union as a precondition for the negotiation of a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in In talks with countries who have expressed the wish to join the European Union (EU the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political The leading Bosnian Serb party, the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), called on other political parties in Republika Srpska to organize a referendum on police reform in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The SNSD said the referendum should give a clear picture on whether the Bosnian Serb police should be dismissed or not in the process reforms under which a single police force is to be created on the state level.

"I do expect that the answer of most of citizens of Republika Srpska would be no," Rajko Vasić, member of the SNSD leadership said. He also said the party, which won exactly half the seats in the National Assembly of Republika Srpska on October 1, 2006, would suggest the referendum on police reform as an issue to be discussed at the first next session of the entity's parliament. The National Assembly of the Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске / Narodna skupština Republike Srpske) is Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Earlier this year the leader of the SNSD and the current RS Prime Minister Milorad Dodik said he would be ready to sacrifice negotiations with the European Union on the eventual integration of BiH into the Union, if the RS police is to be abolished as part of the police reform on Bosnia's state-level. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

As the response to the latest initiatives from Banja Luka, the Chairman of Bosnia's central government, the Council of Ministers, Adnan Terzić, blamed the international community and its passive stand towards the RS stance on police reform. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest Adnan Terzić (born April 5, 1960) was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from December 2002 until January 2007

"Considering the reactions of the international community's officials to the obstructions from the Republika Srpska, they (Bosnian Serbs) can do whatever they want," Terzić told Sarajevo daily Dnevni avaz. TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Introducing Dnevni Avaz ( English translation Daily Voice is one of the most popular daily Newspapers

The police reform was aimed at joining police troops of the two ethnic entities into a single state-level police. The police reform fulfills three EU requests - establishment of a statewide police service, elimination of political interference and creation of patrol regions based on professional criteria.

"We do not want suspension of the talks on Stabilization and Association Agreement. However, we won't make concession on what we consider as a minimum requirement, that is retaining of the Republika Srpska Police as an organizational unit with clear competencies and jurisdiction within the reconstructed Police of BiH", Dodik said. The Republika Srpska Police is the official arm of the law in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

He announced that the RS side will step out of the police reforms process, if their wishes are not respected.

On the November 14, 2006, Uroš Pena, the RS chief of police, was quoted as saying that the agreement was being broken by the international community, not RS. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In the agreement, it is written that the "Directorate for Police Reform shall be made up of professionals and experts from all levels of government (BiH, entities, cantons). . . ", which was ignored when a EU Police Mission representative was included. ^[22]

External relations

On September 26, 2006 Republika Srpska officials signed a 'special ties agreement' with Serbia aimed at promoting economic and institutional cooperation between Serbia and the Republika Srpska (RS). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The accord was signed by Serbia's President Boris Tadić and Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, former RS President Dragan Čavić, and Prime Minister Milorad Dodik. Boris Tadić (Борис Тадић born January 15, 1958) is a Serbian politician and the current President of Serbia. Dr Vojislav Koštunica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Коштуница) (ˈvɔjislaːv kɔˈʃtunitsa born March 24, 1944, Belgrade Dragan Čavić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Чавић) (born March 10, 1958 in Zenica) was the President of Republika Srpska Milorad "Roki" Dodik (Милорад Додик (born March 12, 1959, Laktaši, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is

Tadić and Koštunica, accompanied by several ministers and some 300 businessmen, arrived in Banja Luka, the de facto capital of the Republika Srpska, on two special planes from Belgrade, in what was seen as the biggest-ever boost to strengthening ties in all spheres of life between the Republika Srpska and Serbia. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Serbian bank, the Komercijalna banka, and the "Dunav osiguranje" insurance company opened branches in Banja Luka and the Serbian news agency Tanjug also inaugurated its international press center in Banja Luka, in a day packed with business engagements. Tanjug ( Serbian Cyrillic: Танјуг (Telegraphic Agency of New Yugoslavia) was founded on November 5, 1943.

The document sets out steps taken by Serbia and Republika Srpska officials to increase economic and political ties. It is similar to a previous one signed in 2001 between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republika Srpska, which had envisaged close cooperation in economy, defense, education and dual citizenship for the residents, said a Serbian government statement. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state. The agreement gives Republika Srpska, the same status with Serbia as the state of Bosnia-Herzegovina as a whole.

"This agreement will stabilize the relations between countries in the region and it will promote economic, political and cultural relations between Serbia and Republika Srpska," Čavić told reporters after the signing ceremony. Koštunica added "We have long waited for this day," and insisting that the agreement would not be "a dead letter on paper," but would "live and be useful to the citizens of Serbia and Republika Srpska. " Under the Dayton peace accord, which ended the Bosnian war in 1995, the country was divided into two entities - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republika Srpska. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Each entity was accorded most of the powers of a state and the accord left room for special ties between the RS and Serbia, as well as between Croatia and the Bosnian Croats.

The status of Republika Srpska

The political platform of some Bosniak political parties in the other entity (the Federation of BiH), most notably that of the SBiH party, includes the abolition of the Republika Srpska. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political The Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Stranka za Bosnu i Hercegovinu is a Political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The party's leader, Haris Silajdžić, has repeatedly stated that he wishes to see the RS dismantled. Dr Haris Silajdžić (born on October 1, 1945) is a Bosnian Politician and Academic. ^[23][24]

In response to such statements, the Prime Minister of Republika Srpska Milorad Dodik brought the idea of an independence referendum for RS into public debate when Montenegro seceded from the union with Serbia in an independence referendum on May 21, 2006. Milorad "Roki" Dodik (Милорад Додик (born March 12, 1959, Laktaši, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Montenegrin independence referendum was a refe­rendum on the independence of the Republic of Montenegro from the State Union of Serbia Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In an interview published in the Serbian media, Dodik said a referendum on independence for RS was a fair solution and that 99 percent of Bosnian Serbs support secession from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Dodik stated that this referendum is "inevitable" since Bosnia and Herzegovina has no viable future. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan ^[25]

Sulejman Tihić, the Bosniak member of BiH's tripartite presidency, responded by saying that those who want to secede from Bosnia can pack up and leave, "but can’t take away an inch of Bosnian territory". Sulejman Tihić was a member of the Tripartite Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing that nation's Bosniak community from October 2002 Borislav Paravac, the Serb member of the state presidency, responded that Tihić's statement was an "irresponsible and scandalous act". Borislav (Boro Paravac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Борислав Паравац) is a Bosnian Serb politician and was a member of the Tripartite "Bosnia isn’t his private property," said Paravac, adding that RS covers 49% of Bosnia’s territory and that Serbs are one of three constituent (autochthonous or native) peoples, with equal rights.

Prime Minister Dodik also stated that Tihić’s statement represented a drastic example of “hate and chauvinism” which would only further inflame ethnic passions in Bosnia. "In Tihić’s statement one can easily recognize an Islamic concept which sees Bosnia as its exclusive right," said Dodik. "Serbs are a constituent people in Bosnia and claim the same right to the country and to live in it," said Dodik.

The high representative of the international community in Bosnia has appealed to the leaders of all three nationalities to stop with their “inflammatory rhetoric”. The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative (OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after However, Haris Silajdžić continued his calls for the RS to be abolished, and Dodik continued to propose that the Bosnian Serbs may seek a referendum on independence, despite a warning that he may be punished for such statements. The international community's high representative to Bosnia, German diplomat Christian Schwarz-Schilling, warned in Vienna, that "if he [Dodik] continues to talk about the referendum, I will have to remove him from office. Dr Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born November 19, 1930, in Innsbruck, Austria) is a German politician and entrepreneur ”.

Dodik responded: "Let him be my guest and sack me. I stand by everything I said about the referendum". Dodik went further and explained that his statements were a response to repeated threats from Sarajevo that Republika Srpska should be dissolved. .

The Former President of Republika Srpska, Milan Jelić, a member of Dodik's party, had then said that: "If the abolition of the RS is raised again we will continue the rhetoric of a referendum. Dr Milan Jelić ( Cyrillic: Милан Јелић ( 26 March 1956 &ndash 30 September 2007) was a Serb politician in However, that's not our aim, but to reform RS according to European standards, to make it the better part of BiH, which will drag the rest of BiH into Euro-Atlantic integration. "^[26]

More recently measures announced by the current High Representative Miroslav Lajcak intended to improve the functionality of BiH state institutions, were interpreted by RS officials as undermining RS and the Bosnian Serbs. Dr Miroslav Lajčák (born on 20 March, 1963 in Poprad, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak diplomat Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Measures have been met with strong opposition from the Bosnian Serbs leadership and resulted in the resignation of the BiH PM Nikola Spiric member of SNSD party. Dr Nikola Špirić (Никола Шпирић (born September 4, 1956 in Drvar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Yugoslavia) is a The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats ( Serbian: Савез независних социјалдемократа or Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrat a is a Lajcak responded that announced measures do not jeopardize either BiH entity or ethnic group an assesment which was confirmed by OHR. The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative (OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after He further stated that unless measures are implemented by December 1st, he will use his powers as the top international administrator in BiH to impose them. The issue was resolved at the government level on December 4th partially when both the entities agreed to implement the said proposals, and is expected to be resolved by mid 2008 when the implementation of the same is expected to be finished. However it still remains to be seen if the general public of RS, which is seemingly opposed to the same accepts the same or not.

Culture

People

Musician Filip Višnjić, writer Petar Kočić, songwriter Dušan Šestić, his daughter-singer Marija Šestić, poet Jovan Dučić,writer Branko Ćopić, singer Lepa Brena, singer Vesna Pisarović were born in the territory of today's Republika Srpska. Filip Višnjić (Филип Вишњић (1767&ndash1834 was a popular poet and Guslar (gusle player known by some as the " Serbian Homer " Petar Kočić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Кочић (1877-1916 was a Serbian poet and writer from Bosnia and Herzegovina Dušan Šestić (Душан Шестић (born in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Yugoslavia) is a famous Bosnian Serb composer Marija Šestić (Марија Шестић (born May 5, 1987, Banja Luka, Bosnia-Herzegovina, then Yugoslavia) is a Jovan Dučić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Дучић) (1871-1943 was a famous Serbian poet writer and diplomat Branko Ćopić (Бранко Ћопић January 1 1915 &ndash March 26 1984 was a Serbian writer Fahreta Živojinović ( Cyrillic: Фахрета Живојиновић born October 20, 1960) or better known as Vesna Pisarović (born April 9, 1978) is a Croatian pop singer

Museums

The Museum of the Republika Srpska is located in Banja Luka, as well as the Museum of Contemporary Art. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest

Sport

Main article: Sport in Republika Srpska

Notable football clubs in the RS include Borac Banja Luka, Slavija Istočno Sarajevo, FK Radnik Bijeljina, FK Modriča, and FK Leotar Trebinje, which all play in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Borac ( Cyrilic: Борац is a Sports society with several teams from the city of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fudbalski Klub Radnik ( Cyrillic: ФК Радник, English: Football Club Radnik) is a football club playing in the city of FK Modriča Maxima is a Bosnian football club playing in the town of Modriča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. FK Leotar ( Fudbalski klub Leotar) is a football club from the city of Trebinje, entity Republika Srpska, of country Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH Premier League clubs in the 2007-08 season Progressions and relegations in 2007 FK Borac and FK Radnik Bijeljina are relegated to

Education

There are two public universities in the Republika Srpska: the University of Banja Luka, and the University of East Sarajevo (formerly the University of Serb Sarajevo) and several recently founded private universities, such as Slobomir P University. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The University of Banja Luka ( Local: Универзитет у Бањој Луци or Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci) is a university located in Banja Luka The University of Banja Luka was founded on November 7, 1975 and currently consist of about 17 faculties. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Among them are Faculty of Electrical engineering [6], Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Economics [7], Faculty of Law, Academy of Arts . . . The University of East Sarajevo traces its roots to 1946. Slobomir P University was founded by Mira and Slobodan Pavlovic, known as the foremost Serbian benefactors, who became legends of its nation in this hardship of the twentieth century, while still alive.

Media

The main media organisations of the Republika Srpska, such as RTRS and ATV, are based in Banja Luka. BHRT redirects here Other uses of BHRT include Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. Banja Luka or Banjaluka ( Cyrillic: Бања Лука ˌbaɲaˈluːka is the capital and the largest A notable exception is the BN TV station, based in Bijeljina, in the Semberija region. Bijeljina ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељина is a city and municipality in northeastern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Semberija ( Cyrillic: Семберија is a geographical region in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Currency

The present currency is the Convertible Mark, the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible

In 1992, the new government of Republika Srpska had issued postage stamps and currency — now prized worldwide by collectors. From 1992 to 1994, Republika Srpska had its own currency, the Republika Srpska dinar. The dinar was the currency of the Republika Srpska between 1992 and 1998, during and following the Bosnian War

Internet domains

Republika Srpska does not have its own Internet domain name and its institutions do not prefer the Bosnia-Herzegovina TLD (. In Computer networking, a domain name is a name given to a collection of network devices that belong to a domain which is an administrative space managed according ba) or indeed any other single Top level domain. Third parties offer the subdomain . rs under either one of the TLDs . ba (Bosnia & Herzegovina) (e. g. http://www.rs.ba/) or . sr (e. g. http://www.rs.sr/, which is actually the code for Suriname, but it resembles Serbia , which used to use . Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country yu, but is now bringing in the . rs top level domain)

References

See also

• Republika Srpska Police
• Army of Republika Srpska
• Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Brčko District
• Regions of Republika Srpska
• Republika Srpska dinar
• History of Republika Srpska
• History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Air Srpska
• Republic of Serbian Krajina

External links

• Government
• President
• National Assembly
• Bosnia and Herzegovina online

The Republika Srpska Police is the official arm of the law in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District Brčko District ( Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian: Brčko distrikt (Брчко дистрикт in Cyrillic) in northeastern Bosnia Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District The dinar was the currency of the Republika Srpska between 1992 and 1998, during and following the Bosnian War This is the history of Republika Srpska, one of the two entities comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is a History of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Pre-Slavic period See also History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 958 Bosnia has been Air Srpska was the official flag carrier Airline of Republika Srpska, an entity of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina"

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