République du Congo (French) Repubilika ya Kongo (Kituba) Republiki ya Kongó (Lingala) Republic of the Congo
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Unité, Travail, Progrès  (French) "Unity, Work, Progress"
Anthem: La Congolaise
Capital (and largest city)		Brazzaville 4°14′S, 15°14′E
Official languages		French
Recognised regional languages		Kongo/Kituba, Lingala
Demonym		Congolese
Government		Republic
-	President	Denis Sassou Nguesso
-	Prime Minister	Isidore Mvouba
Independence		from France
-	Date	15 August 1960
Area
-	Total	342,000 km² (64th) 132,047 sq mi
-	Water (%)	3. Kituba is a widely used Lingua franca in Central Africa. It is based on Kikongo, a family of closely related Bantu languages (some of which The flag of the Republic of the Congo was originally adopted on August 18, 1958. The Coat of Arms of the Republic of Congo has a shield with a rampant red lion holding a torch A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's La Congolaise (The Congolese is the National anthem of the Republic of the Congo. The Republic of the Congo 's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country leaving the vast areas of tropical Jungle in the north virtually ||-||} Brazzaville is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic Kituba is a widely used Lingua franca in Central Africa. It is based on Kikongo, a family of closely related Bantu languages (some of which A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its Latest election List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo ( Congo-Brazzaville) (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 1943 has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997 he was previously President from 1979 to 1992 List of Heads of Government of the Republic of the Congo ( Congo-Brazzaville) (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office Isidore Mvouba (born 1954 is a Congolese political figure who has been the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo since January 7 2005. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 3
Population
-	2005 estimate	3,999,000 (128th)
-	census	n/a
-	Density	12/km² (204th) 31/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$4. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 00 (154th)
-	Per capita	$1,369 (161st)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 547 (medium) (139th)
Currency		Central African CFA franc (XAF)
Time zone		WAT
Internet TLD		.cg
Calling code		+242

The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo; Kongo: Repubilika ya Kongo; Lingala: Republiki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville or the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Central African CFA franc ( French: franc CFA or simply franc, ISO 4217 code XAF) is the currency of six independent states ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established West Africa Time, or WAT, is a time zone used in western and west-central Africa (though not in countries west of Benin, which instead use GMT A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Central Africa is a core Region of the African Continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea. Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. Central Africa|Central African FederationThe Central African Republic ( CAR) République Centrafricaine ʀepyblik sɑ̃tʀafʀikɛn or Centrafrique) is a Landlocked The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central The Gulf of Guinea is the part of the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Africa.

The republic is a former French colony. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. After a quarter century of Marxism, Congo became a multi-party democracy in 1992. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition However, a brief civil war in 1997 ended in the restoration of former Marxist President Denis Sassou Nguesso to power. Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 1943 has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997 he was previously President from 1979 to 1992

History

Main article: History of the Republic of the Congo

The earliest inhabitants of the area were Pygmy peoples. The History of the Republic of the Congo has been marked by French colonization a transition to independence Marxist-Leninism, and the transition to a market-oriented Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm They were largely replaced and absorbed by Bantu tribes during Bantu expansions. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people The Bakongo are Bantu groups that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, forming the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. The Kingdom of Kongo (1400 – 1914 ( Kongo: Kongo dya Ntotila or Wene wa Kongo) was an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa. The first European contacts came in the late 15th century, and commercial relationships were quickly established with the kingdoms—trading for slaves captured in the interior. The coastal area was a major source for the transatlantic slave trade, and when that commerce ended in the early 19th century, the power of the Bantu kingdoms eroded.

Following independence as the Congo Republic on August 15, 1960, Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Abbé Fulbert Youlou ( 9 June, 17 June or 9 July 1917 – 6 May 1972) was a Brazzaville - The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat. Alphonse Massamba-Debat (1921 – March 25, 1977, Brazzaville) was a Political figure of the Republic of the Congo who led the country

Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term but it was ended abruptly with an August 1968 coup d'état. Capt. Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. Marien Ngouabi (or N'Gouabi) ( December 31, 1938 – March 18, 1977) was the military President of the Republic of the Congo Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo to be Africa's first "people's republic" and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). On March 16, 1977, President Ngouabi was assassinated. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was named to head an interim government with Col. (later Gen. ) Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango (born 1939 is a Congolese Political figure.

After decades of turbulent politics bolstered by Marxist-Leninist rhetoric, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Congo completed a transition to multi-party democracy with elections in August 1992. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition Denis Sassou Nguesso conceded defeat and Congo's new president, Prof. Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 1943 has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997 he was previously President from 1979 to 1992 Pascal Lissouba, was inaugurated on August 31, 1992. Professor Pascal Lissouba (born November 15, 1931) was President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

However, Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, Angolan troops invaded Congo on the side of Sassou and, in mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself President. The Congo Civil War continued for another year and a half until a peace deal was struck between the various factions in December 1999. From History of the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo Civil War, lasting from June 1997 to December 1999 was fought between partisans

Sham elections in 2002 saw Sassou win with almost 10% of the vote cast. His two main rivals Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. Bernard Kolélas (born 12 June 1933) is a politician in the Republic of the Congo and the President of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral André Ntsatouabantou Milongo ( October 20 1935 – July 23 2007) was Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers and also extended his term to seven years as well as introducing a new bicameral assembly. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election as well as the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the single-party state.

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of the Republic of the Congo

The most important of the many political parties are the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP [Denis Sassou Nguesso, president], an alliance consisting of:

• Convention for Alternative Democracy
• Congolese Labour Party (PCT)
• Liberal Republican Party
• National Union for Democracy and Progress
• Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction
• National Republic Party of Helasia
• Union for the National Renewal

Other significant parties include:

• Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel Mampouya]
• Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin Mberi]
• Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere Tchicaya, president]
• Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge Ngollo]
• Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR leader NA
• Union of Democratic Forces or UFD, Sebastian Ebao

Regions and districts

Main articles: Regions of the Republic of the Congo and Districts of the Republic of the Congo

Regions of the Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo is divided into 10 régions (regions) and one commune, the capital Brazzaville. Politics of the Republic of the Congo takes place in a framework of a presidential Republic, whereby the President is both Head of state and The Congolese Party of Labor ( Parti congolais du Travail, PCT) founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling Political party of the The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy ( Union Panafricaine pour la Démocratie Sociale) is a Political party in the Republic of the Congo, led by former |||}The Republic of the Congo is divided into ten Regions ( régions, singular région) (capitals in parentheses Bouenza ( |||}The Regions of the Republic of the Congo are divided into 46 districts |||}The Republic of the Congo is divided into ten Regions ( régions, singular région) (capitals in parentheses Bouenza ( A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government ||-||} Brazzaville is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. These are:

The regions are subdivided into forty-six districts. Bouenza is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country Cuvette is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country Cuvette-Ouest (or Western Cuvette) is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the western part of the country Kouilou is one of the ten regional administrative divisions of the Republic of the Congo. Lékoumou is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the southern part of the country ||-||} Brazzaville is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. Likouala is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the northern part of the country Niari is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the western part of the country Plateaux is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the central part of the country Pool is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the southeastern part of the country Sangha is a region of the Republic of the Congo in the northern part of the country |||}The Regions of the Republic of the Congo are divided into 46 districts

Geography

Map of the Republic of the Congo

Satellite image of Congo, generated from raster graphics data supplied by The Map Library

Main article: Geography of the Republic of the Congo

Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator. In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels The Map Library should not be confused with the Map Library of The British Museum. The Republic of the Congo is located in the western part of Central Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. Central Africa|Central African FederationThe Central African Republic ( CAR) République Centrafricaine ʀepyblik sɑ̃tʀafʀikɛn or Centrafrique) is a Landlocked Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central It has a short Atlantic coast.

The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ||-||} Brazzaville is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, formerly Dutch: Leopoldstad, German: Leopoldstadt) is the Capital

The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. The Kouilou-Niari River &mdashalso spelled Kwilu, Kwila, or Kwil &mdashis the main drainage path for the coastal basin of the Republic of the Congo

Economy

Main article: Economy of the Republic of the Congo

The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum,^[1] support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. The economy of the Republic of the Congo is a mixture of village Agriculture and Handicrafts an industrial sector based largely on Petroleum Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. The January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, "céfa" or just franc colloquially is a currency used in twelve formerly French -ruled ^[2] Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the war ended in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, popularly known as KPCS is a process designed to certify the origin of Rough diamonds from sources which are free of conflict The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to ^[3][4]

Demographics

Population of the Republic of the Congo (FAO, 2005); number of inhabitants given in thousands.

Main article: Demographics of the Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. The Republic of the Congo 's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country leaving the vast areas of tropical Jungle in the north virtually Jungle usually refers to a dense Forest in a hot climate such as a Tropical rainforest. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 85% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or one of the small cities or villages lining the 332-mile (534 km) railway which connects the two cities. ||-||} Brazzaville is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. Pointe-Noire is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, and a district in the Kouilou province In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence. Before the 1997 war, about 15,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Presently, only about 9,500 remain.

Weather and Climate

Climate diagram for Brazzaville

Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16-21 °C (60-70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the county. The Kouilou-Niari River &mdashalso spelled Kwilu, Kwila, or Kwil &mdashis the main drainage path for the coastal basin of the Republic of the Congo The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November. ^[5]

Culture

Main article: Culture of the Republic of the Congo

• List of Congolese
• List of writers from the Republic of the Congo
• Music of the Republic of the Congo
• Public holidays in the Republic of the Congo

See also

• Communications in the Republic of the Congo
• Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo
• Military of the Republic of the Congo
• Transport in the Republic of the Congo
• Scouting in Congo-Brazzaville
• List of cities in the Republic of the Congo
• List of Democratic Republic of the Congo-related topics
• List of Republic of the Congo-related topics
• French Congo
• French Equatorial Africa
• Um Bongo

References

Further reading

• Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa (2006) ISBN 9781-4259-11980

External links

News

• AllAfrica.com - Congo-Brazzaville news headline links
• IRIN News for Congo, from the United Nations

Overviews

• CIA World Factbook - Congo, Republic of the
• U.S. State Department overview of Congo
• Governance Indicators for the Republic of Congo

Culture

• Congolese literature at a glance

Directories

• Open Directory Project - Republic of the Congo directory category
• Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: Congo-Brazzaville directory category
• The Index on Africa - Congo-Brazzaville directory category
• University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: Congo directory category
• Yahoo! - Congo (Brazzaville) directory category

Ethnic groups

• Baka Pygmies of Cameroon and Congo Culture and music of the first inhabitants of Congo

Human Rights

• Amnesty International Human Rights Report, 2006

Tourism

• Republic of the Congo travel guide from Wikitravel