Republic of Texas ← 1836 – 1845 → Flag Seal Capital Washington-on-the-Brazos Harrisburg Galveston Velasco Columbia Houston Austin Language(s) English (de facto) Spanish, French, German and Native American languages regionally Government Republic President1  - 1836-1838 Sam Houston  - 1838-1841 Mirabeau B. Lamar  - 1841-1844 Sam Houston  - 1844-1845 Anson Jones Vice President1  - 1836-1838 Mirabeau B. Lamar  - 1838-1841 David G. Burnet  - 1841-1844 Edward Burleson  - 1844-1845 Kenneth L. Anderson History  - Independence March 2, 1836  - Annexation December 29, 1845  - Transfer of power February 19, 1846 Area  - 1840 1,007,935 km² (389,166 sq mi) Population  - 1840 est. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Flag of Texas is defined by law as follows The state flag consists of a rectangle with a width to length ratio of two to three containing (1 a blue Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Washington-on-the-Brazos is a Ghost town along the Brazos River in Washington County, Texas, United States. Harrisburg (originally documented as Harrisburgh then shortened to Harrisburg in 1892 is located within the city of Houston, Texas, United States. "Galveston" redirects here For the town in the US state of Indiana see Galveston Indiana. Founded in 1831 Velasco is situated on the east side of the Brazos River in southeast Texas, United States. West Columbia is a city in Brazoria County in the US state of Texas within the greater Houston metropolitan area English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The Republic of Texas was formed in 1836 In the midst of the Texas Revolution, Texan settlers elected delegates to the Convention of 1836, which issued the Samuel Houston ( March 2, 1793 July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman politician and soldier Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar ( August 16, 1798 &ndash December 19, 1859) was the second president of the Republic of Texas, following Samuel Houston ( March 2, 1793 July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman politician and soldier Anson Jones ( January 20, 1798 &ndash January 9, 1858) was a doctor, Businessman, Congressman, and the last The Vice Presidents of the Republic of Texas (1836-1846 were elected by the people of Texas during the period of the Republic of Texas. Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar ( August 16, 1798 &ndash December 19, 1859) was the second president of the Republic of Texas, following David Gouverneur Burnet ( April 14, 1788 &ndash December 5, 1870) was an early politician within the Republic of Texas, serving Edward Burleson (December 15 1798–December 26 1851 was a soldier general and statesman in the state of Missouri, the Republic of Texas, and later the U Kenneth Lewis Anderson ( September 11, 1805 - July 3, 1845) was a lawyer and the last vice president of the Republic of Texas. The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary Annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. 70,000       Density 0. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1 /km²  (0. 2 /sq mi) Currency Republic of Texas Dollar ($) 1Interim period (16 Mar-22 Oct 1836): President: David G. Burnet, Vice President Lorenzo de Zavala

The Republic of Texas was a sovereign nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1845. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Texas redbacks were the informally named paper Money issued between January 1839 and September 1840 by Mirabeau B Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap David Gouverneur Burnet ( April 14, 1788 &ndash December 5, 1870) was an early politician within the Republic of Texas, serving Lorenzo de Zavala ( October 3, 1788 &ndash November 15, 1836) was a 19th-century Mexican politician Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the nation claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S. state of Texas, as well as parts of present-day New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming based upon the Treaties of Velasco between the newly created Texas republic and Mexico. The Texas Revolution or Texas War of Independence was fought from October 2 1835 to April 21 1836 between Mexico and the Texas (Tejas portion of the Mexican A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. The Treaties of Velasco were two documents signed at Velasco Texas, (which is now Surfside Beach Texas) on 14 May 1836 between Antonio The eastern boundary with the United States was defined by the Adams-Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain, in 1819. The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its southern and western-most boundary with Mexico was under dispute throughout the existence of the Republic, with Texas claiming that the boundary was the Rio Grande, and Mexico claiming the Nueces River as the boundary. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Nueces River is a river in the US state of Texas, approximately 315 mi (507 km long This dispute would later become a trigger for the Mexican–American War, after the annexation of Texas. The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary Annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the

Historical context

Main article: Texas Revolution

Texas was not the only Mexican state to secede from Mexico and declare independence. The Texas Revolution or Texas War of Independence was fought from October 2 1835 to April 21 1836 between Mexico and the Texas (Tejas portion of the Mexican The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas also withdrew themselves from Mexico and formed their own short-lived federal republic called the Republic of the Rio Grande with Laredo as the capital, which is in the present-day State of Texas. Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico 's 31 component states. Nuevo León ( Spanish for "New León " after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in northeastern Mexico. Tamaulipas is one of the 31 states of Mexico, it is located in the northeast The Republic of the Rio Grande existed briefly in North America between the Republic of Texas and Mexico, from January 17 to November Laredo ( "luh-RAID-o" in English in Spanish is the County seat of Webb County, Texas, United States Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Mexican state of Yucatán also seceded and formed the Republic of Yucatán. Yucatán is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. The Republic of Yucatán was a separate Republic that existed briefly on Mexico 's Yucatán Peninsula during the 1840s Several other states also went into open rebellion including San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Durango, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Jalisco and Zacatecas. San Luis Potosí is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city Querétaro (former formal name Querétaro Arteaga) is a state in central Mexico. Durango (duˈɾaŋgo is one of the constituent States of Mexico. Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city as well as a river in the area Michoacán formally Michoacán de Ocampo (from Nahuatl Michhuacān "place of the fishermen" is one of the 31 constituent states Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. It is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango All the Mexican states that revolted, including Texas, were upset with President Antonio López de Santa Anna over abolishing the Mexican Constitution of 1824, dissolving the Mexican Congress and changing the structure of the Mexican government from a federal one to a centralized one. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón ( February 21, 1794 &ndash June 21, 1876) often known as Santa The 1824 Constitution of Mexico was the first full Constitution adopted by the Mexican Republic. In fact, Yucatán, in its declaration of independence, expressed its desire to re-accede to the Mexican Union if federalism was to be re-established. Texas was the only seceding Mexican state to retain its independence from Mexico.

However, the context of the Texas rebellion was different from the other Mexican states/provinces attempting to declare independence, because the Texas rebellion was conducted with great assistance by Anglo American immigrants. The term Anglo is used as a prefix to indicate a relation to the Angles, England or the English people, as in the phrases ' Anglo-Saxon ' ' Mainly because of this fact, Texas was also the only former Mexican state to entertain the idea of joining the United States entirely of its own volition. After gaining their independence, the Texas voters had elected a congress of 14 senators and 29 representatives in September 1836. The Constitution of the Republic of Texas allowed the first president to serve for only two years. The Constitution of the Republic of Texas was written in 1836 between the fall of the Alamo Mission in San Antonio and Sam Houston 's stunning It set a three year term for all later presidents.

Statehood

A map of Mexico, 1835-1846.

On February 28, 1845, the U.S. Congress passed a bill that would authorize the United States to annex the Republic of Texas. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary Annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the On March 1, U.S. President John Tyler signed the bill. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by John Tyler Jr (March 29 1790 January 18 1862 was the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845 and the first ever to obtain that office via succession The legislation set the date for annexation for December 29 of the same year. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Faced with imminent American annexation of Texas, Charles Elliot and Alphonse de Saliny, the British and French ministers to Texas, were dispatched to Mexico City by their governments. Meeting together with Mexico's foreign secretary, they signed a "Diplomatic Act" in which Mexico offered to recognize an independent Texas, with boundaries that would be determined with French and British mediation. Texas President Anson Jones forwarded both offers to a specially elected convention meeting at Austin, and the American proposal was accepted with only one dissenting vote. The Mexican proposal was never put to a vote. Following the previous decree of President Jones, the proposal was then put to a national vote.

On October 13, 1845 a large majority of voters in the Republic approved both the American offer and the proposed constitution that specifically endorsed slavery and the slave trade. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another This constitution was later accepted by the U. S. Congress, making Texas a U.S. state on the same day annexation took effect, December 29, 1845 (therefore bypassing a territorial phase)^[1]. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common One of the motivations for annexation (besides the primary one of desiring to be united with their perceived Anglo-American ethno-cultural brethren of the United States and their Anglo-American brethren of "the South" regional-cultural) was that the Texas government had incurred huge debts which the United States agreed to assume upon annexation. In 1852, in return for this assumption of debt, a large portion of Texas-claimed territory, now parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Wyoming, was ceded to the Federal government. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States.

The annexation resolution has been the topic of some incorrect historical beliefs—one that remains is that the resolution granted Texas the explicit right to secede from the Union. This was a right argued by some to be implicitly held by all states at the time, up until the conclusion of the Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The resolution did include two unique provisions: first, it said that up to four additional states could be created from Texas' territory, with the consent of the State of Texas. The resolution did not include any special exceptions to the provisions of the US Constitution regarding statehood. The right to create these possible new states was not "reserved" for Texas, as is sometimes stated. ^[2]. Second, Texas did not have to surrender its public lands to the federal government. While Texas did cede all territory outside of its current area to the federal government in 1850, it did not cede any public lands within its current boundaries. This means that generally, the only lands owned by the federal government within Texas have actually been purchased by the government. This also means that the state government has control over oil reserves which were later used to fund the state's public university system. Oil reserves are the estimated quantities of Crude oil that are claimed to be recoverable under existing Economic and operating conditions In addition, the state's control over offshore oil reserves in Texas runs out to 3 leagues (10. A league is a unit of Length or Area long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation 357 miles, 16. 668 km) rather than three miles (4. 828 km) as with other states ^[3].

Presidents and vice presidents

Notable figures of the republic

Stephen F. Austin, known as the "Father of Texas"

See also

History of Texas
French Texas
Spanish Texas
Mexican Texas
Republic of Texas
Texas in the Civil War
State of Texas

• Timeline of the Republic of Texas
• History of Texas
• Republic of the Rio Grande
• Republic of Yucatán
• The Texas Legation
• The French Legation
• Texas Navy

Notes

References

External links

• The Texas Declaration Of Independence TexasBob. com.