The Republic of Mainz was the first democratic state on German territory and was centered in Mainz. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. A product of the French Revolutionary Wars, it lasted from March to July 1793. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states
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Context
During the First Coalition against France, the Prussian and Austrian troops that had invaded France retreated after the Battle of Valmy, allowing the French revolutionary army to counterattack. The First Coalition ( 1792 – 1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Battle of Valmy, also known as the Cannonade of Valmy, was a tactically indecisive artillery engagement but strategically it ensured the survival of the French The troops of General Custine entered the Palatinate in late September, and occupied Mainz on October 21, 1792. Adam Philippe Comte de Custine ( February 4, 1740 &ndash August 28, 1793) was a French general The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The ruler of Mainz, Elector and Archbishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, had fled the city. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Friedrich Karl Joseph Reichsfreiherr von Erthal ( 1719-01-03 - 1802-07-25) was Electoral prince and archbishop of Mainz from 1774-07-18
Jacobin club
On the next day, 20 citizens of Mainz founded a Jacobin club, the Gesellschaft der Freunde der Freiheit und Gleichheit (Society of the Friends of Liberty and Equality). This page describes the political term "Jacobin" For discussion of the political organization of the French Revolution era see Jacobin Club. Together with their filial clubs founded later in Speyer and Worms, they promoted the Enlightenment and the French revolutionary ideals of liberté, egalité, fraternité in Germany, aiming for a German republic to be established following the French model. Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Most of the founding members of the Jacobin club were professors and students of the University of Mainz, together with the university librarian, Georg Forster, some merchants and Mainz state officials. The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz is a University in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named Johann Georg Adam Forster (November 27 1754 – January 10 1794 was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, Journalist
Founding of the republic
By order of the French National Convention, elections in the French occupied territories west of the Rhine were held on February 24, 1793. During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the Constitutional and legislative assembly The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 130 cities and towns sent their deputies to Mainz.
The first democratically elected parliament in Germany, called the Rheinisch-Deutscher Nationalkonvent (Rhenish-German national convention) first met on March 17, 1793, in the Deutschhaus building in Mainz (nowadays the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament). TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Deutschhaus or Deutschordenskommende ( German for " Commandry of the Teutonic Knights " is the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. The convent declared the represented territory (which extended to Bingen in the west and to Landau in the south) to be free and democratic, and disclaimed any ties to the empire. Landau or Landau in der Pfalz (pop 41821 is an autonomous ( kreisfrei) city surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route" The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Convention's president, Andreas Joseph Hofmann, proclaimed the Rhenish-German Free State (Rheinisch-Deutscher Freistaat) from the balcony of the Deutschhaus. Andreas Joseph Hofmann ( July 14, 1752 - September 6, 1849) was a German philosopher and revolutionary active in the Republic On March 23, 1793, it was decided to send delegates (among them Georg Forster and Adam Lux) to Paris and to request accession of the Mainz republic to France. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Adam Lux ( December 27, 1765 - November 4, 1793) was a German revolutionary and sympathiser of the French Revolution. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The French national convention granted this on March 30.
End of the republic
Prussian troops soon after retook all the French-occupied territory except for the heavily fortified city of Mainz itself. After a long siege in which much of the city was destroyed, Prussian and Austrian troops conquered the city on July 22, 1793. In the Siege of Mainz (Belagerung von Mainz from 14 April &ndash 23 July 1793, a coalition of Prussia, Austria, and other Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The republic ended, and the Jacobins were persecuted until 1795, when Mainz came under French control again.
Literature
- T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolution in Germany. Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792–1802; Oxford Clarendon Press, 1983
- T. C. W. Blanning, Reform and Revolution in Mainz 1743–1803; Cambridge University Press, London, 1974. ISBN 0521204186
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