Renault 12
Manufacturer	Renault
Production	1968—1980
Predecessor	Renault 8 / Renault 10
Successor	Renault 18
Class	Large family car
Body style(s)	4-door saloon 5-door estate
Layout	FF layout
Wheelbase	2440 mm (96. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. The Renault 8 ( Renault R8 until 1964 and Renault 10 are two Small family cars produced by the French vehicle manufactuer Renault in The Renault 8 ( Renault R8 until 1964 and Renault 10 are two Small family cars produced by the French vehicle manufactuer Renault in The Renault 18 is a Large family car produced by French manufacturer Renault between 1978 and 1993 (with production for European markets finishing in 1986 Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories or do not fit well into any A large family car is a European classification of cars which are larger than a Small family car and smaller than an Executive car Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production while others are of historical interest only A station wagon (or simply wagon) in American, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand usage and an estate car (or just estate In Automotive design layout specifies where on the car the Engine and Drive wheels are found In Automotive design, a FF, or Front-engine, Front-wheel drive layout places both the engine and driven wheels at the front of In both road and rail Vehicles the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels 1 in)
Length	4345 mm (171. 1 in) (saloon) 4410 mm (173. 6 in) (estate)
Width	1616 mm (63. 6 in)
Height	1435 mm (56. 5 in) (empty)
Fuel capacity	50 L (13 US gal/11 imp gal)

The Renault 12 is a large family car produced by French automaker Renault between 1968 and 1980. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries A large family car is a European classification of cars which are larger than a Small family car and smaller than an Executive car This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Available as a saloon (Berline) and estate (Break), it was also produced under licence in many countries across the globe into the early 21st century. A station wagon (or simply wagon) in American, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand usage and an estate car (or just estate

In its first few years the 12 received praise from the European press for its spacious, comfortable interior, its styling, its performance and its low fuel consumption. However it fared worse in the North American press: in a test of the 1974 model, Road & Track was critical of the engine's "obtrusive" noise, and called the heavy, non-power steering "a serious design flaw". Road & Track is an Automobile enthusiast Magazine in the United States, founded by two friends in 1947 They also gave it "very poor marks" for the ventilation system.

Renault 12 production and sales ended in most of Europe in 1980, but the model continued to be produced and sold by Renault affiliates worldwide. The last R12 was produced in 1999 in Turkey, whilst Romania automaker Dacia continued producing the R12-based 1300 sedan and estate until 2004 and the R12-based Gamma pick-up until November 2006. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Dacia ('daʧia is a Romanian car manufacturer named for the historic region that constitutes much of present-day Romania The Dacia 1300 ('daʧia was a car manufactured during the Cold War by Romanian auto marque Dacia, now a subsidiary of Renault The Dacia Gamma is a pick-up truck derived from the Dacia 1300, and available in three model types the 1304 single-cab pick-up 1307 Double cab pick-up

Overall , the Renault 12 was a successful car, selling 2. 5 million units. ^[1]

Contents 1 The project 2 Versions 3 Romania 4 Turkey 5 Australia 6 North America 7 South America 8 References 9 External links

The project

In 1965, Renault began to study a new model to bridge the gap between the Renault 8 and the Renault 16. The Renault 8 ( Renault R8 until 1964 and Renault 10 are two Small family cars produced by the French vehicle manufactuer Renault in The Renault 16 is a Large family car with an at first unusual Hatchback body produced by French automaker Renault between 1965 and The demands for Project 117 were:

"The car had to be economical, not very sophisticated. It had to have a roomy interior, and a large boot, and a small engine will suffice. The car had to be easy to produce, so it could be made all over the world. It had to be reliable for the export markets, and comfortable enough for France. It should be usable as a base for multiple variations. "

The Renault 12's design dates back to the genesis of the Renault 16; indeed, some initial R16 concept designs resemble the R12 more than the ultimate design of the R16. However, the R12 was technically quite different from either the R16 or the smaller Renault 4. The Renault 4, also known as the 4L (pronounced "Quatrelle" which could be heard as "4 wings" in French is a Hatchback Economy car Like all new Renaults at the time the car had front wheel drive, but the R12 had a very different layout. Front-wheel drive (or FF layout) is a form of engine / transmission layout used in Motor vehicles where the engine drives the front Wheels The engine was placed longitudinally ahead of the front wheels, while it was behind the wheels on the R4 and R16; the engine itself was the iron cast Cléon unit used since 1962 in the Renault 8/10 (the engine's size was increased to 1289 cc for use in the 12). The Renault 8 ( Renault R8 until 1964 and Renault 10 are two Small family cars produced by the French vehicle manufactuer Renault in The placement of the engine allowed the R12 to have a very simple design of the gear-selector that was placed on the floor of the car, and not on the dashboard as with the R4 or on the steering column as with the R16. The handle to operate the handbrake was placed under the dashboard. The R12's suspension differed from the R4 and R16 also, using a rigid (but light) rear axle as opposed to four-wheel independent suspension. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating Wheel or Gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or Bushing

Versions

At the time of its launch in October 1969 at the Paris Motor Show, the Renault 12 was only available as a four-door saloon, in L and TL specifications, both of which were powered by a 1289 cc engine rated at 40 kW (54 hp). The more expensive TL featured two separate reclining front seats instead of one front bench seat, arm rests on the doors, lights in the boot and glovebox, a heated rear window, and extra warning lights.

However in 1970 two new variants were introduced. First, the estate was launched with the same trim levels and engines as in the saloon. Also, the high performance Renault 12 Gordini model was introduced equipped with the all-aluminium 1565 cc block from the R16 TS fitted with two double-barrel Weber carburettors producing 125 bhp (93 kW), a reinforced crankshaft, a five speed gearbox, ventilated disc brakes on the front wheels and normal disc brakes on the rear wheels, and tuned suspension. WikipediaNaming A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an Engine which translates reciprocating Linear The Gordini was able to reach 185 km/h (115 mph) and was sold with paint schemes comprising a solid pastel colour (there were several to choose from) with double white stripes added on, the most famous combination being French Blue with stripes.

In October 1972, the more upmarket R12 TS was introduced. It used same 1289 cc engine as in other R12s, but was equipped with a single, double barrel Weber carburettor, which increased power considerably and raised top speed to 150 km/h (93 mph). Aesthetically, the car was distinguishable from other R12s by its special Gordini-style wheels, a chrome strip along the side of the car, and two extra headlights. Chrome plating, often referred to simply as chrome, is a technique of Electroplating a thin layer of Chromium onto a Metal object The TS also featured integrated headrests, a rev-counter and a cooling-fluid temperature gauge.

In October 1973, the R12 TR appeared. This model slotted between the TL and TS, and had automatic transmission as standard.

The whole range was facelifted in 1975 with a new grill, rear lamps and dashboard.

Romania

Main article: Dacia 1300

Dacia acquired the tooling and basic designs of the Renault 12 and manufactured it in various body styles in Romania, as the Dacia 1300, between 1968 and 1982

Turkey

A Renault 12-based car was made in Turkey by Oyak-Renault between early 1970s and late 1990s. The Dacia 1300 ('daʧia was a car manufactured during the Cold War by Romanian auto marque Dacia, now a subsidiary of Renault Dacia ('daʧia is a Romanian car manufacturer named for the historic region that constitutes much of present-day Romania Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania OYAK-Renault is a Turkish automotive manufacturer It is co-owned by OYAK and Renault S The earlier models were similar to the original R12, then the car underwent a facelift in the 1980s and was marketed under the name Toros until it was discontinued.

Australia

The Renault 12 won Australia's Wheels magazine's Car of the Year award in 1970.

It was built at Renault Australia's assembly plant in the Melbourne suburb of Heidelberg from CKD kits. Various components such as seats were sourced locally.

The Australian range generally followed the UK models, including the 1975 facelift. However in 1976, the Renault 12 1. 4 was introduced as the standard model, replacing the 1289 cc engine with a larger capacity 1397 cc unit of the same basic design.

In 1978 the 12 was re-launched as the Renault Virage. This was identical to the 12, but incorporated twin round headlamps.

Production in Australia ended in 1980.

North America

The American-market Renault 12 came in three trim lines: 12, 12L, and 12TL, ranging in price from an inexpensive US$ 2975 to US$ 3448. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been It was a slightly larger car than most European imports, and the longitudinal front wheel drive layout contrasted with most. The engine, an R16 all-aluminum 1. 6 L (1647 cc) unit which produced 65 hp (49 kW), was specific to the U. S. market. It was upgraded in 1975 with hemispherical heads and a higher compression ratio for 72 hp (54 kW). A Hemi engine (from hemisphere) is an Internal-combustion engine in which the Combustion chambers are of hemispherical form The compression ratio is a single number that can be used to predict the performance of any engine particularly piston engines (but can be used on essentially any Internal-combustion

South America

In Brazil, a version of the 12 was sold as the Ford Corcel and later the Ford Del Rey, when Ford do Brasil acquired the factory and rights to build the car from Renault in the late 1960s. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Ford Corcel was a car sold by Ford Motor Company in Brazil, Chile and Venezuela. The Corcel was in fact launched in Brazil before the Renault 12 was launched in France.

The Renault 12 was very popular in Argentina and Colombia, during the 70's and 80's. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America.

In Colombia, this car was made at the plant of Renault SOFASA in Medellín city between 1973 and 1981. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Medellín, officially the Municipio de Medellín (Spanish or Municipality of Medellín (English pronunciation mɛdəˈjiːn or, Spanish: or) is the second

In Argentina, the local versions being made at the "Santa Isabel" plant of Renault Argentina in the province of Córdoba. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Production ran from November 1971 to the same month of 1994 (1973 to 1992 for the Break); totaling around 450. 000 units. Drive trains began as 1300 cc. , switching effectively to 1400 cc. for all versions in 1977 (it was introduced for the break in 1976), with a last increase in bore and stroke in 1992 reaching 1600 cc. Gearboxes were 4 speed manuals until 1988, and 5 speed boxes thereafter. It is of interest to point out that during the 70's the R12 had a slightly higher status in this country than other places, given the fact that the Argentine Renault cars lineup was quite narrow at the time(R4, R6 and Renault Torino). The Torino is a mid-sized Automobile made by Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA under an agreement with American Motors (AMC from 1966 This caused the factory to add extras such as A/C and quality upholstery to close the gap between this car and the Torino until the arrival of the R18 in 1982. The Renault 18 is a Large family car produced by French manufacturer Renault between 1978 and 1993 (with production for European markets finishing in 1986 For this same reason, virtually all of the estate models (Break) were built with the TS's mechanical and comfort features.

Probably the most remarkable model, from a worldwide perspective, was the R12 Alpine. This was a sports version designed to improve the marque's image at local rallying. The main features were the 1400 cc. R5 Alpine engine (built locally with imported parts), bulbous fiberglass bonnet, rally spec. suspension, and custom paint schemes. The engine turned out 110 hp (82 kW) SAE, giving the Alpine a top speed of around 175 km/h (109 mph). The new suspension was also as good as the power plant, being rated at the time as "outstanding" and "Goes like on rails" (CORSA Magazine). Renault was not interested in volume production, though, and only 493 units were made between 1977 and 1980 (sold from 1978 onwards). Plus, the Alpine's hand-building process and imported parts made it cost about 40% more than the basic TL version. R12 Alpine parts were sometimes used by rallying R12 TS's, as they gave the car quite desirable characteristics but, like the R12 Alpine itself, these parts were rare.

References

External links

• Renault 12 fansite (French)
• Renault 12 Gordini fansite (French)

Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.

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