The Rejectionist Front (جبهة الرفض) or Front of the Palestinian Forces Rejecting Solutions of Surrender (جبهة القوى الفلسطينية الرافضة للحلول الإستسلامية) was a political coalition formed in 1974 by radical Palestinian factions who rejected the Ten Point Program adopted by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in its 12th Palestinian National Congress (PNC) session. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary The Palestinian National Council (PNC is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee which assumes leadership of the ^[1]

While affirming the PLO's commitment to fight Israel, the Fatah-sponsored Ten Point Program authorized the PLO to "establish [an] independent combatant national authority for the people over every part of Palestinian territory that is liberated", which was regarded by many Palestinians as a possible first step towards a two-state proposal. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير At the same PNC session, the ultimate goal of the PLO was defined as a democratic bi-national state, i. The one-state solution, also known as the binational solution, is a proposed resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. e. granting Jewish and Arab citizens the same rights in a future Palestinian State. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Proposals for a Palestinian state (دولة فلسطين refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, which is currently

This prompted several of the more militant Palestinian factions to leave the PLO in protest and form the Rejectionist Front. They were mostly far-left organizations, some of them dominated by Arab states fearing a Palestinian-Israeli rapprochement. The Front was never an operative organization, but rather a statement of position; however, it was loudly backed by Iraq. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

While the involved factions continued to advocate a hard-line policy towards Israel, most of them eventually rejoined the PLO, for example in 1977, when the Steadfastness and Confrontation Front was announced. The Steadfastness and Confrontation Front ( جبهة الصمود والتصدي) was a political initiative by a number of Arab governments in the 1970s related to But tensions remained, and the Rejectionist Front or similar initiatives were revived virtually every time Arafat made a conciliatory gesture towards Israel. The most serious rift was in 1988, when the PLO recognized Israel, and most of the left wing of the PLO again broke out, backed by Syria.

Contents 1 Consequences 2 Members of the Rejectionist Front 3 Footnotes 4 See also

Consequences

Though the rift initially caused a popular breakthrough for the members of the Rejectionist Front, in the long run it only marginalized them and caused them to be perceived as lackeys of the Arab states. The fact that it was more of an alignment against Yasser Arafat rather than for anything in particular didn't help, as the Front brought "together" factions that had no common goal. This can be seen by the example of as-Saiqa, a movement that forms the branch of the Syrian Ba'ath Party in the Palestinian territories, and the Arab Liberation Front, similar however used by Iraq's Ba'ath Party. As-Sa'iqa (also transliterated as al-Saika, Saeqa, etc from Arabic: الصاعقة meaning storm or thunderbolt; also The Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (also spelled Baath or Ba'ath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي was founded in Damascus Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Arab Liberation Front ( Arabic: جبهة التحرير العربية jabha at-tahrir al-arabiya) is a minor Palestinian political faction of the The alliance did nothing to improve cooperation between member factions, and internecine bloodshed continued.

The Front also failed in its goal of weakening Arafat; the PLO Chairman remained securely at the helm of the organization and consolidated a massive war arsenal and order of battle in southern Lebanon in order to harass the Israelis. The Ten-Point Program increased Arafat's worth on the diplomatic front as more western states became willing to speak with his representatives. The members of the Front, contrastingly, isolated themselves as extremists and subservient to the Arab states that backed them and even to the USSR.

In 1975 the Lebanese Civil War broke out. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Far bloodier than its 1950s prelude, it featured most PLO factions on the side of the Lebanese National Movement, specially with the mainly Sunni al-Murabitun. The Lebanese National Movement (LNM ( Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية) was a front of parties and organizations active during the early years Movement of Independent Nasserists or al-Murabitoun (حركة الناصريين المستقلين-المرابطون is a Nasserist Political party The right-wing Lebanese Front had long seen the PLO as a threat to their supremacy in Lebanon's volatile sectarian balance. The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية was a right-wing coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese National Movement and PLO were seen too as a threat to Syria, as they opposed Syrian strategy. The Lebanese National Movement (LNM ( Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية) was a front of parties and organizations active during the early years As a result, the Rejectionist Front itself became split between the PFLP and various smaller groups which sided with the LNM and Fatah, and as-Saiqa and the PFLP-General Command which sided with Syria. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة

Throughout the late 1970s and then the 1980s the Lebanese wars decimated the ranks of some of the pro-Syrian groups, especially those who supported the Syrians in the War of the Camps. The War of the Camps was a subconflict within the Lebanese Civil War in which Palestinian refugee camps were besieged by the Shi'ite Amal During that war, where the Front was joined by dissidents from within Fatah (Fatah al-Intifada) led by Col. Fatah al-Intifada ( Arabic, Fatah Uprising, فتح الانتفاضة is a Palestinian militant faction founded by Col Said al-Muragha, many of them assaulted refugee camps leading to civilian casualties and accusations that they were turncoats concerned only with serving Assad's goals. Col Sa'eed Musa al-Muragha (سعيد مُراغة or سعيد موسى(b The PFLP-GC, for example, which was commanded by the professional guerrilla Ahmed Jibril, wasted much of its efforts on fighting Arafat instead of attacking the Israelis in southern Lebanon, or in recruiting a local infrastructure in the West Bank or Gaza Strip. Ahmed Jibril (أحمد جبريل born c 1938 is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command In addition, most of these groups became extremely dependent on the Syrian regime financially and for military supplies. It may be that the PFLP and DFLP's neutrality in the War of the Camps saved them from the mediocre fate that led to the irrelevancy held by the PFLP-General Command to this day.

The Front also showed obvious divisions in respect to the First Intifada (1987-91), as well as the Persian Gulf War (1991). The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli The Abu Nidal Organization faded continuously into the shadows after 1991, as-Saiqa never grew out of its comfortable niche in the arms of Assad, the ALF did the same under the sponsorship of Saddam Hussein, the DFLP divided in two on the question of the Oslo Accords (1993), while the PFLP began an ambivalent participation in the peace process that never resulted in complete rejection or acceptance. Abu Nidal (أبو نضال (May 1937&ndashAugust 16 2002 born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, (Arabic صبري خليل البنا was a Palestinian political leader Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Today, the Rejectionist Front as a whole is overshadowed by the hard-line Islamist groups Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Resistance Committees as well as hard-line affiliates of the PLFP and Fatah such as the Abu Ali Mustapha Martyrs Brigades and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades respectively. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in Most of the organizations that once belonged to the Front today only have dozens of members.

Members of the Rejectionist Front

This is a list of organizations who participated in the Rejectionist Front.

• Arab Liberation Front (ALF)
• As-Sa'iqa
• Abu Nidal's Fatah-Revolutionary Council
• Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
• Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (PPSF)
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC)

Footnotes

See also

• Political Programme of the 12th Palestinian National Council

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