Reinhard Heydrich
Heydrich shortly before his death in 1942.
Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting)
In office September 29, 1941 – June 4, 1942
Preceded by	Konstantin von Neurath (titular Protector until 24 August 1943)
Succeeded by	Kurt Daluege
Born	March 7, 1904(1904-03-07) Halle an der Saale, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Died	June 4, 1942 (aged 38) Prague, Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia (now Czech Republic)
Nationality	German
Political party	National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)
Spouse	Lina von Osten (married December 26, 1931)

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was an SS-Obergruppenführer, chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, SD and Kripo Nazi police agencies) and Reichsprotektor (Reich Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 – 14 August 1956 was a German diplomat, Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938 and Reichsprotektor Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kurt Daluege ( September 15, 1897 &ndash October 24, 1946) was an SS- Oberstgruppenführer and Generaloberst der Polizei Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Saxony-Anhalt ( Sachsen-Anhalt) is one of the sixteen ''Bundesländer'' (federal states that make up the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Obergruppenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the SA and until 1942 it was the highest The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP. is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the Police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force (ˈraɪk German ˈʁaɪç is a German Loanword cognate with the English Reign, Region, and Rich, but used most to designate Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Adolf Hitler considered him a possible successor. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately When the Nazis moved the headquarters of Interpol to Berlin he was chosen as the President of that international law enforcement agency. The International Criminal Police Organization, better known by its telegraphic address Interpol is an organization facilitating international police cooperation Heydrich chaired the 1942 Wannsee conference, which finalized plans for the extermination of all European Jews in what is now referred to as the Holocaust. The Wannsee Conference was a Meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Heydrich was wounded in an assassination attempt in Prague on 27 May 1942 and died over a week later from complications arising from his injuries. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Nazi Party and the SS 3 Gestapo & SD 4 Crushing the SA 5 Night and Fog Decree 6 Himmler and Heydrich 6.1 Additional service as fighter pilot 7 Reichsprotektor of Bohemia & Moravia and Assassination in Prague 8 Aftermath 9 Family 10 Summary of SS career 10.1 Dates of rank 10.2 Service history 10.3 Heydrich's decorations 11 Heydrich in popular culture 11.1 Fiction 12 See also 13 References 13.1 Bibliography 13.2 Notes 14 External links 14.1 tags:

Early life

Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Kranz; Heydrich held a life-long passion for the violin. Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member His two forenames were patriotic musical references: "Reinhard" from Amen, an opera written by his father, in a portion called "Reinhard's Crime". His first middle name, 'Tristan' stems from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. His third name probably derives from military hero Prince Eugene of Savoy, Eugen in German (the German cruiser Prinz Eugen was also named for Eugene of Savoy, as was the 7th Division of the Waffen-SS). This article refers to the Austrian Habsburg military leader for the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte see Eugène de Beauharnais. The Waffen-SS ( German for "Armed SS" literally "Weapons SS" was the Combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron" He was born into a financially secure Catholic family. Music was a part of Heydrich's everyday life. his father, Bruno, was an opera singer as well as the founder of the Halle Conservatory of Music.

Young Heydrich developed an ardor for the violin, which he carried into his adult life, and he impressed listeners with his passionate musical talent. His father was a virulent anti-Semite and he instilled his three children with racist ideas. The Heydrich household was very strict and the children were frequently disciplined with lashings. As a youth, Heydrich engaged his younger brother, Heinz, in mock fencing duels, thus developing strong fencing skills. Young Heydrich was very intelligent and he excelled in his schoolwork at the Reform-Realgymnasium. He was also a talented athlete and he became an expert swimmer and fencer. However, he was a shy, insecure boy and he had few friends because most of his classmates did not accept him. The other children found three major shortcomings in Heydrich and he was frequently teased and beaten up by the other boys. Firstly, Heydrich had an unusually high-pitched voice and he was constantly taunted. Secondly, he was teased because of his family's strong Catholic leanings in his largely Protestant community. The third reason was one that he carried with him throughout his life and it strongly influenced his future Nazi career - the rumor of a Jewish ancestor.

Although the rumor was completely false, it was never laid to rest. It arose from the fact that his paternal grandmother remarried after the death of Heydrich's biological grandfather. Heydrich's widowed grandmother married a man by the name of Suess, and subsequently the Heydrich family name was sometimes hyphenated as ' Heydrich-Suess'. Although Mr. Suess was not Jewish, the name was widely considered to be a Jewish name. Mr. Suess was not even biologically related to Reinhard Heydrich, nevertheless, the rumor of his "tainted" bloodline continued to spread.

Although shy, Heydrich excelled physically and grew handsome and fit, excelling in fencing and swimming. Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand When the first World War broke out in 1914, ten-year-old Heydrich was too young to enlist for military service. He joined the quasi-military Maracker Freikorps, a right-wing group that strongly opposed the Communists. The designation of Freikorps ( German for "Free Corps " was originally applied to voluntary armies formed in German lands from the middle of 18th century He also joined the Deutscher Schutz und Truzbund, a strongly anti-Semitic organization. For the first time in his life, Heydrich felt at home in an organization that touted his blonde-haired, blue-eyed features and made him feel important and superior. In 1918, the first World War came to an end with Germany's defeat. Due to the conditions of Germany's surrender, inflation spread across Germany and many families lost their life savings. The wealth of Heydrich's affluent family was suddenly gone.

In 1922, he took advantage of the free education and guaranteed pension offered by the navy. He became a naval cadet at Germany's chief naval base at Kiel. Heydrich, however, found himself in the same situation that he had been in back in grade school. Due to the fact that his voice was still thin, he received taunts of "billy goat" from the other cadets, and rumors of his supposed Jewish ancestry resurfaced. He was mocked for his love of classical music and was frequently called "Moses Handel". Heydrich had an intense desire to succeed and in 1926, he advanced to the rank of second lieutenant and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship Schleswig Holstein. History SMS Schleswig-Holstein was one of five Pre-dreadnought, ''Deutschland''-class battleships not to be confused with a later class of Pocket The constant teasing drove him to become angry and intensely arrogant. Finding himself with considerable authority over the subordinate officers that teased him, he revenged himself by ordering them around and treating them like lowly subjects. His subordinates came to fiercely resent him, but he did not let that distract him from his dream of becoming an admiral.

Heydrich found one major distraction to his naval career - his womanizing. He had matured into a handsome young man and many women found him desirable. He became a notorious seducer and spent all of his free time chasing women. He had countless affairs, but one encounter would prove disastrous for him.

According to one version of the story, in 1930, he met the daughter of a shipyard director and spent the night with her. To Heydrich, this was just another sexual conquest. Later one night he attended a rowing club ball and instantly fell in love with a young woman by the name of Lina von Osten. The two became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. The daughter of the shipyard director became infuriated that Heydrich was going to marry another woman. She protested to Heydrich, but he coldly told her to leave him alone. Distraught, the young woman lamented to her father, who was a major naval contractor, and friend of Erich Raeder, the commander-in-chief of the German Navy. Erich Johann Albert Raeder ( April 24, 1876 – November 6, 1960) was a naval leader in Germany before and during A formal complaint was lodged against Heydrich for insulting the honor of a young woman. He was charged with "conduct unbecoming to an officer and a gentleman" and an investigation ensued. Heydrich was called before a court of honor and he protested his innocence and accused the woman of lying. His attitude was so disdainful that the court admonished him for insubordination. Though he was exonerated, the officers demanded that he be cashiered for "conduct unbecoming a naval officer". In April 1931, admiral Erich Raeder sentenced Heydrich to "dismissal for impropriety. " He was dismissed in 1931 (Bullock 1962). Heydrich was devastated, but he remained engaged to Lina von Osten. He now found himself no prospects for a career and he did not know where to turn.

Heydrich's own version was that he had intercourse with, then refused to marry, a woman. The woman revealed her difficulties to her father, who took the matter to Raeder. Admiral Raeder summoned Heydrich to his office where he and the aggrieved father demanded that Heydrich marry the girl, only to be told that he already was engaged to Lina von Osten, and considered himself bound by his "honour as a naval officer" to not dissolve the engagement. At this, the appalled Raeder is supposed to have summarily cashiered Heydrich. The tale is apparently false. Intensive post-war efforts by journalists failed to identify the woman, though Heydrich's version would have her as socially prominent. Raeder himself scoffed at that tale, while refusing to disclose his reasons for sacking Heydrich.

This leaves the question as to why Heydrich would have concocted a tale which clearly discredited him, and why would Lina Heydrich and others also maintain that Heydrich was contemptuous of the Nazis before his dismissal from the navy, which others of his acquaintance at the time categorically deny. One theory was submitted by Edouard Calic, namely that Heydrich was discharged once it emerged that he had been spying on the navy in the service of the Nazis. While Heydrich's political convictions and fascination with espionage would make this feasible and would explain why SS chief Heinrich Himmler appointed him to head the SD immediately following his discharge, direct evidence is lacking. Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP.

Nazi Party and the SS

In 1931, Himmler began to set up a counter-intelligence division of the SS. Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff ( May 13, 1900 &ndash July 17, 1984) was a high-ranking member of the Nazi SS. The Berghof was Adolf Hitler 's home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Germany. Acting on a friend's advice, he interviewed Heydrich. One version states that he arranged for an interview with Heydrich and was instantly impressed when Heydrich walked through the door. Himmler is said to have marveled at the tall, thin, blond, blue-eyed man that stood before him. However, as soon as Heydrich opened his mouth, he revealed an imperfection - an unusually high-pitched voice. Himmler, nevertheless remained intimidated by Heydrich. He gave him a test which allowed him 20 minutes to outline his plans for a counterintelligence service. Having no experience in the field, Heydrich put together anything that he could recall from spy novels that he read and an intelligence course that he took in the navy. Upon reading Heydrich's proposal, Himmler hired him on the spot. His pay was 180 reichsmarks per month [$ 40. 00]. In doing so Himmler also effectively recruited Heydrich into the Nazi Party. He would later receive a Totenkopfring from Himmler, for his service. The SS-Ehrenring ("SS Honour Ring" unofficially called Totenkopfring (English "Death's head ring"

To begin work, Heydrich set up office at the Brown House, the Nazi party headquarters in Munich. His office contained a kitchen table, a chair, and a typewriter. Despite his meager pay and humble office, Heydrich was a driven man. He set about to create a counterintelligence service to be reckoned with. His new position brought out the terrifying aspects of his personality; he was cold, calculating, and brilliant. His restless mind never ceased to invent methods to trap, humiliate, and destroy his enemies.

At this time, he was relatively insignificant within the Nazi intelligence apparatus. Heydrich created his own web of spies and informers and sent them out to dig up any information that could be used for blackmail, the more scandalous the better. He did not only go after opponents of the Nazis, he also sought sordid information on high-ranking Nazis. He and his staff spent their time building up a card-file system that contained dossiers which listed everyone's dirty little secrets. His office was filled with boxes which contained index cards marking the different categories of offenders: Communists, Catholics, aristocrats, Jews, Freemasons, and Nazis with shameful pasts. A special "poison file" was reserved for offenders that fit into two or more categories.

Heydrich's fiancée Lina von Osten faithfully remained by his side and in December of 1931, the two were married. That same year, Heydrich was promoted to SS major. As early as 1931, Heydrich was becoming one of the most dangerous men in the Nazi party. With his list of index cards, the fate of Nazi opponents rested with him. Also, his growing list of dirty files became invaluable to him as he had control over powerful Nazis by threatening to expose their secrets. In 1932, however, Heydrich was given a taste of his own medicine by Adolf Hitler.

A number of Heydrich's enemies had discovered the old rumors of his supposed Jewish ancestry and began to spread them around. With the Nazi party's growing power, such rumors could be deadly, even for the head of the Reich's counterintelligence service. The Nazis conducted an investigation into Heydrich's genealogy and he was found to be free of "colored or Jewish blood". Despite the fact that Heydrich was cleared by the investigation, Heinrich Himmler was distressed by the mere suggestion of a Jew heading his counterintelligence service and he even played with the idea of dismissing Heydrich. Himmler took the matter to Hitler. Normally, Hitler felt threatened by tough, conniving, and brilliant men such as Heydrich, and his natural instinct was to crush them before they became too powerful. This time, however, Hitler did not allow Himmler to dismiss Heydrich. Hitler was secure in the fact that he held all of the cards, and the rumors could be used to keep Heydrich in his place. In the Nazi party, the truth did not matter, the power of "truth" rested only with Hitler; a rumor was false only if Hitler wished it to be false. If Hitler, therefore, said that Heydrich was a Jew, it would become the truth within the Nazi party. Hitler considered Heydrich to be very useful to the Nazi party and he wanted Heydrich to continue his sly and effective counterintelligence work. Regardless of how dangerous Heydrich was, Hitler could "expose" him as a Jew at any given moment and Heydrich would be destroyed by the very instrument of terror that he created. Heydrich was fully aware of his tenuous position and he blindly obeyed Hitler with slavish loyalty throughout his life.

Gestapo & SD

In July of 1932, Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation and it was officially named Sicherheitsdienst [SD] - Security Service, an intelligence organization wholly committed to the defence of Nazism. The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP. He built it by recruiting agents from unusual sources, some of whom were not really committed Nazis, just people Heydrich found talented or useful, from whom reports could be compiled on various aspects of life in Nazi Germany. The organisation benefitted from close cooperation with the Gestapo, which Heydrich also gained control of in 1936, as part of a combined security police force. With his first task being the suppression of all possible dissent prior and during the Olympic Games of 1936, a task he executed with a cold and systematic brutality that gained him the German Olympia Honor Badge (First Class) (Deutsches Olympiaehrenzeichen). Later, the SD and the Gestapo were united under the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) under Heydrich. The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS. Heydrich was further promoted to SS colonel.

With Hitler clambering for real political power in Germany, Himmler and Heydrich wished to control all of the political police forces of all of the 17 states of Germany, and they began with the state of Bavaria. In 1933, Heydrich gathered some of his men from the SD and together they stormed police headquarters in Munich and took over the police using intimidation tactics. Himmler became commander of the Bavarian political police with Heydrich as his deputy. From there, the duo moved on to the rest of the police forces of the 16 remaining German states. With 15 states under control, they locked horns with Hermann Goering in Prussia. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893 15 October 1946 was a German Politician, Military leader and a leading member

Goering controlled the Prussian political police and he neither liked nor trusted the Himmler-Heydrich twosome. Goering's intentions were that his police force would stand apart from any other police organization and they would obey no laws, they would be a law unto themselves. He named his organization Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police). The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany For the purpose of a franking stamp, a postal clerk abbreviated the name to Gestapo. Goering wanted to transfer them out of police headquarters and give them their own command center. He chose an address that would soon strike deadly terror in the hearts of millions of people throughout the German Reich - 8 Prinz Albrechtstrasse.

In 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany, but he still did not have the dictatorial powers that he desired. In order to give himself more power, he pressured President Paul von Hindenburg to sign a series of decrees which would hamper opposition parties such as the Communists and Socialists. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg ( known universally as Paul von Hindenburg ( ( October 2, 1847 &ndash August 2 With these decrees, the police had the authority to search and confiscate property and arrest and detain people without allowing a hearing or trial. Reinhard Heydrich consulted his list of index cards and supplied the SS and the brown-shirted SA with lists containing the names of offenders that needed to be arrested. Since Heydrich's index cards numbered in the thousands, the prisons were soon overflowing and the first concentration camps were established in order to deal with the overflow of prisoners.

Crushing the SA

In early 1934, Hitler was chancellor of Germany, but he was dreaming of absolute power. He was facing problems because Ernst Roehm and the SA stormtroopers were instigating trouble with the German army. Ernst Julius Röhm, (Munich November 28, 1887 – July 2, 1934) was a German military officer and later the commander and co-founder Ernst Julius Röhm, (Munich November 28, 1887 – July 2, 1934) was a German military officer and later the commander and co-founder To Hitler, this was most unwelcome because he needed the support of the German army to achieve his dictatorial ambitions and it did not make a pretty picture for his stormtroopers to induce adversity with the army. The powerful men of the army told Hitler in no uncertain terms that if he did not obliterate Roehm and the SA, he will be overthrown by the army. Unwilling to let his dreams of power die, Hitler decided to placate the army by dissolving the SA. This presented a problem for Hitler because Roehm was one of his closest friends and indulging the army meant killing his friend.

Goering viewed the SA as dangerous rivals to his Gestapo. Under the leadership of Ernst Roehm, the brown-shirted stormtroopers were a powerful and feared organization. Wary of the SA's power, Goering did not want to stand alone against them. His anxiety over the power of the SA was stronger than his dislike for Himmler and Heydrich and on April 20th 1934, he formed a partnership and placed the Gestapo into the eager hands of the dangerous pair. With control of the Gestapo the first order of business for Himmler and Heydrich was to crush the SA.

Reinhard Heydrich also wanted the SA out of the way, he was not keen on the idea of the SD and Gestapo sharing the spotlight with the power hungry stormtroopers. Heydrich was not about to let a fourteen-year friendship between Hitler and Roehm stand in the way of his quest for power. Turning Hitler against his friend was almost too easy for Heydrich, he simply had his SD men uncover false "evidence" that Roehm was plotting to overthrow Hitler. Heydrich and Himmler put pressure on Hitler to slaughter the leading members of the SA, and they assured him that the SS would carry out the murders. Heydrich drew up lists of all of the powerful SA men that needed to be killed along with Roehm. Through surveillance, members of the SD had learned the routines of all of the marked men and knew the best time to strike. Himmler and Heydrich took care of the details; all that was left was for Hitler to give the go ahead. On the Friday of June 30th 1934, the SS attacked the SA in a bloody massacre that lasted throughout the entire weekend. Roehm was killed along with all of the important members of the stormtroopers in this bloodbath which the nazis coined the Night of the Long Knives. The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July

With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear. He improved his index card system; since he created more categories of offenders, the cards were now color-coded. The line between criminal and law abiding citizen became blurred and the most trivial things became crimes; even if someone made an anti-Hitler comment in jest, the penalty was death. The Gestapo had the authority to arrest citizens on the mere suspicion that they might commit a crime. People were arrested for walking suspiciously, and since the Gestapo obeyed no law but their own, it was their discretion to decide what was considered "walking in a suspicious manner". The Gestapo had the right to arrest, beat, and murder whomever they wished. People were hesitant to speak in public places out of the morbid fear that their words might be misconstrued and they would find themselves under arrest. The members of the Gestapo were instructed to be merciless and people began disappearing throughout Germany never to be seen again. Sometimes a person would disappear for no apparent reason and at a later date, their family would receive an urn containing their ashes. Under Himmler and Heydrich, Germany became a legitimate and terrifying police state.

Night and Fog Decree

By late 1940, Hitler's armies had swept through most of western Europe. To Hitler's dismay, anti-Nazi resistance was alive and well, especially in the countries of France, Holland, and Belgium. In an effort to crush them, Hitler issued the Night and Fog Decree on December 7th 1941. In 1941, the SD was given the responsibility of carrying out an ominous decree, the Nacht und Nebel Erlass - Night and Fog Decree. This decree was born out of Hitler's frustration with anti-Nazi resistance in occupied countries. The decree was signed by Wilhelm Keitel, chief of Staff of the German army, thus it was sometimes referred to as "the Keitel Order". According to the decree, suspects had to be arrested in a maximally discrete way "under the cover of night and fog". People simply disappeared without a trace and no one was told of their whereabouts or their fate, not even family members or friends. The main intention of the decree was to generate a climate of fear and intimidation, thus making organized resistance more difficult. As Hitler intended, enemies of the Reich were to "vanish into the night and fog". These people were captured and handed over to the SD. In the files of the SD, they were categorized with the initials "NN" for Nacht und Nebel [Night and Fog]. For each "NN" prisoner, the SD was required to fill out a questionnaire containing personal information, country of origin and details of their crimes against the Reich. This questionnaire was to be put into an envelope inscribed with a seal that read Nacht und Nebel and submitted to the Reich Central Security Office (RSHA). The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS. This decree remained in effect after Heydrich's assassination in 1942. The exact number of people who vanished in the name of the decree has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be roughly 7,000.

On June 17th 1936, all political police forces throughout Germany were united with Heinrich Himmler as the chief. On June 26th, Himmler reorganized the police into two groups:

- Ordnungspolizei (ORPO) which consisted of the national uniformed police and the municipal police. The Ordnungspolizei (Orpo was the name for the uniformed Regular German Police force in existence during the period of Nazi Germany, notably

- Sicherheitspolizei (SIPO) which consisted of the Gestapo and the Criminal Police. The Sicherheitspolizei (security police often abbreviated as SiPo, was a term used in Nazi Germany to describe the state political and criminal investigation security

Reinhard Heydrich was placed in charge of the Sicherheitspolizei. In 1939, the SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police were unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office [RSHA], which was placed under the control of Reinhard Heydrich.

Himmler and Heydrich

As chief of all police forces, Himmler was technically responsible to Wilhelm Frick, the minister of the Interior, however, Himmler had no time for such silly formalities. Everyone knew the pecking order; Himmler answered to no one but Adolf Hitler. Himmler's police forces were independent and they obeyed no government laws. Rather than protecting the citizens of the Reich, the role of the police had become that of protecting the Reich from its citizens. Reinhard Heydrich's ruthlessness in this department earned him the nicknames "the blonde beast" and "Himmler's evil genius".

• Excerpt from a speech by Reinhardt Heydrich in 1941.

• Problems playing the files? See media help.

Heydrich and Himmler had an odd but practical working relationship. Although Himmler was the boss, Heydrich was the true force behind the SD. The two men were vastly different personalities but they were united by their desire to succeed. Heydrich was everything that Himmler wished to be: tall, blonde, blue-eyed, cold, calculating, and intelligent. Himmler suppressed his jealousy because Heydrich was helping him to achieve power. By the same token, Heydrich blindly obeyed Himmler despite the fact that he considered him to be a fool. He knew that Himmler was his ticket to power. Thus the two men formed a solid partnership and became a dangerous duo. Their thirst for power took them beyond the periphery of the SD.

American journalist John Gunther, during his trip to Germany in 1934, while collecting research materials for his book Inside Europe, showed considerable knowledge of Nazi intrigues and backgrounds when he said that Himmler actually had a relatively small tolerance for butchery compared to a man like Heydrich, who was far more cruel. John Gunther ( August 30, 1901 – May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and author whose success came primarily in the 1940s and 1950s with Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German At this time, Heydrich was regarded as an obscure medium-ranked officer in the SS bureaucracy.

While Heydrich's abilities were never doubted by superiors and subordinates alike, his constant sarcasm, occasionally boorish behaviour, extreme oversensitivity to being underestimated (in contrast to Himmler who preferred to be underestimated by would-be opponents) and aggressiveness won him few loyalists, while his propensity for rash actions such as the arrest of a Kreisleiter in 1935, or telling Göring and the council of ministers in 1940 that the security police would exercise limitless powers whether they granted them or not, was an ever present annoyance for Himmler, who had to clean up the messes. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893 15 October 1946 was a German Politician, Military leader and a leading member Himmler would occasionally lose his patience with Heydrich, berating and abusing him, sometimes calling him "Genghis Khan". Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Although Himmler thought Heydrich was at times exasperating, he generally found him indispensable.

In Light of the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair Heydrich braced himself for the possibility of being fired by Himmler. The Blomberg-Fritsch Affair (also known as Blomberg-Fritsch-Krise or Blomberg-Fritsch crisis) were two related scandals in early 1938 that resulted in the subjugation Himmler did not fire Heydrich, but he was clearly angered. In a public speech, Himmler stated that he was misguided by his incapable subordinates. Although he did not name Heydrich specifically, Heydrich knew that he was one of them. But this only made Heydrich more driven to prove himself.

Upon the establishment of the Third Reich, Heydrich helped Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler gather information on many political opponents, keeping an impressive filing system listing individuals and organizations who opposed the party and the regime. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. He is believed to be the creator of the forged documents of Russian correspondence with the German High Command. While it is now known that the Stalinist Great Purge of the Soviet military officer corps was at most tangentially related to these forgeries, at the time it was widely believed to have resulted from Heydrich's actions, enormously adding to his prestige. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Great Purge (Большая чистка transliterated Bolshaya chistka) was a series of campaigns of Political repression and Persecution He was also instrumental in establishing the false 'attack' by Poland on German national radio at Gleiwitz, intended to provide the Nazi justification for the beginning of World War II, though this failed miserably and only came to light post-war when allied investigators began researching the captured German documents, since the station selected was merely a relay station for Radio Breslau whose stronger signal drowned out the fake `Polish propaganda` emanating from Gleiwitz. The Gleiwitz incident was a staged attack on 31 August, 1939 against the German Radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Reinhard Heydrich's masterful abilities in matters of intrigue made him useful to Adolf Hitler and he involved himself in matters outside of his duties as head of the Sicherheitspolizei. Heydrich was the driving force behind some of the Nazis' most hair raising exploits. Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the first years of World War II, answering only to, and taking orders only from Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler in all matters that pertained to the Holocaust. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. He had initially gained some control over Jewish policy, when in November 1938, Göring assigned him as head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration following the Kristallnacht. The Central Office for Jewish Emigration was established in Vienna in August 1938 and was headed by Adolf Eichmann of the Jewish Department of the SD. Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938 In this position, he worked tirelessly both to coordinate various initiatives for the Final Solution, and to assert SS dominance over Jewish policy. The Final Solution ( Die Endlösung) was Nazi Germany 's plan and execution of its systematic Genocide against European Jewry during World Most famously in this respect, on 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired the Wannsee Conference, at which he presented to the heads of a number of German Government departments a plan approved by Hitler for the deportation of the Jews of Europe to German-occupied parts of the Soviet Union, where the Jews fit for labour would be used for building roads. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Wannsee Conference was a Meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ (That plan was not implemented in full, and instead most of the Jews under German control were later sent to extermination camps or concentration camps). Extermination camps were two types of facilities that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become

Additional service as fighter pilot

Reinhard Heydrich also served as Reserve Hauptmann, then Major in the Luftwaffe. Hauptmann is a German word usually translated as Captain when it is used as an officer's rank in the German, Austrian and Swiss armies Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Some sources claim that he served in the Invasion of Poland as a bomber gunner, but this is not confirmed. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Then, despite his advanced age, he completed a fighter pilot course in 1940, probably due to his ambition. Heydrich wanted to set an example and show that the SS were not "asphalt" soldiers behind the front lines, but the elite of the Third Reich. In April 1940 he flew a Bf 110 in the Fighter Group II. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout /JG 77 "Herz As"^[1] in Norway. Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77 Herz As {Ace of Hearts was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. The planes flown by Heydrich had an ancient Germanic runic character S for Sieg -- "victory" painted on the side of the fuselage. On May 13, 1940 he crashed his plane during take-off and was injured. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a short time in May, he flew patrol flights over North Germany and the Netherlands. Then, after another accident, he returned to Berlin. In mid-June 1941, before the German attack on the USSR, he resumed flying, ignoring Himmler's orders. He flew his personal Bf 109E-7 again with Group II. /JG 77 from Bălţi, Romania on the southern Eastern Front, which put the wing commander under pressure due to Heydrich's position and lack of experience. Bălţi, (pronounced) also spelled Beltsy ( Бельцы, Бєльці, Bielce is a city in Moldova. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign On July 22, 1941, his plane was badly damaged over Yampil by Soviet AA artillery. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Yampil (Ямпіль is a common name for a Ukrainian locality Rayon Yampilskiy Rayon Vinnytsia Oblast — a rayon Heydrich managed to crash-land in no-man's land, and run back to the German lines. After this, he was forbidden to fly once more, as it was realized that Heydrich's capture as a POW would be a major security breach for Germany, and he never again returned to active flying.

Heydrich was really too old and too inexperienced to be a fighter pilot and he lacked the necessary free time for training flights. But despite his lack of experience, he was decorated with the Iron Cross Second (1940) and First (1941) Classes. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia The number of missions flown by Heydrich is not known, but he was awarded the Frontflugspange (Front Pilot Badge) in silver, which usually was awarded after 60 combat missions. According to Alan Wykes in Heydrich (War Leader book #22 as part of Ballantine's Illustrated History of the Violent Century 1973), Heydrich flew 97 missions in a Me-110 twin engine fighter.

Reichsprotektor of Bohemia & Moravia and Assassination in Prague

Main article: Operation Anthropoid

On 27 September 1941 Heydrich was appointed acting Reichsprotektor in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on March 15, 1939). Operation Anthropoid was the code name for the Assassination of top German leader Reinhard Heydrich. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Protector, sometimes spelled protecter, is used as a title or part of various historical titles of heads of state and others in authority The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which He replaced Konstantin von Neurath whom Hitler considered ineffective. Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 – 14 August 1956 was a German diplomat, Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938 and Reichsprotektor (Neurath remained titular Protector until 20 August 1943). Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Neurath's policy as Protector was based on giving privileges to the nobility and upper classes. This led to passive resentment among ordinary people, mainly workers. The Protectorate was a vital weapons and war material producer for the Third Reich. During Neurath's service as Protector, war production substantially dropped. Heydrich came to Prague to restore production quotas.

As the governor of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich applied "carrot-and-stick" methods. The black market was suppressed, food rations and pensions were increased, and unemployment insurance was established for the first time. Those associated with the resistance movement or black market were tortured or executed. Under Heydrich, Prague and the rest of the Czech lands became quite pacified and industrial output went up. Because of his success in Prague, Hitler was considering making Heydrich the governor of Paris. When British intelligence heard this, they wanted to stop this at all costs. They would not let a man who butchered the Czechs and Jews of Prague to do the same to the French Resistance. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German

While virtual military governor of Bohemia and Moravia, exercising real executive power above the President and Prime Minister of the so called Protectorate, Heydrich often drove alone in a car with an open roof — a show of confidence in the occupation forces and the effectiveness of his government (See Czech resistance to Nazi occupation). Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II is a scarcely documented subject by and large a result of little formal resistance and an effective German

In London, the Czechoslovak government in exile (Prozatímní státní zřízení) was plotting for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Two specially trained men were chosen for the operation: Jan Kubiš and Jozef Gabčík. Jan Kubiš ( June 24, 1913 – June 18, 1942) was a Czech soldier one of a team of Czechoslovak British-trained agents sent to Jozef Gabčík ( 8 April 1912 in Poluvsie today part of Rajecké Teplice in Slovakia - 18 June 1942 in Prague) was a These were Czechoslovak soldiers who fled the country earlier in 1941. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. After receiving training from the British, they returned by parachute in December, dropped from a Halifax of 138 Squadron RAF. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout No 138 Squadron RAF was a Squadron of the Royal Air Force, last disbanded in 1962

On 27 May 1942, Heydrich was scheduled to attend a meeting with Hitler in Berlin. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Heydrich's travel to Berlin, he would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merged with road leading to the Troja Bridge. That intersection was a perfect spot for the attack because Heydrich's car would have to slow down to make a hairpin turn. The attack was, therefore, scheduled for May 27th. They ambushed Heydrich while he rode in his open car in the Prague suburb of Kobylisy. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Kobylisy is a Prague Metro station on Line C As the car slowed to take the hairpin bend in the road, Gabčík took aim with a Sten sub-machine gun but it failed to fire. The Sten (or Sten gun) was a family of British 9 mm Submachine guns used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces throughout A submachine gun (SMG is a Firearm that combines the automatic fire of a Machine gun with the cartridge of a Pistol, and is At that very moment, instead of ordering his driver to speed away Heydrich called his car to a halt in an attempt to take on the two attackers. Kubiš then immediately threw a bomb (a converted anti-tank mine) at the rear of the car. The explosion wounded Heydrich and also Kubiš himself.

It is alleged that when the smoke cleared, Heydrich emerged from the wreckage with his gun still in his hand and he gave chase after Kubis and tried to return fire but his pistol was not loaded. He ran for half a block, became weak from shock, and sent his driver Klein on foot to chase Gabčík. In the ensuing firefight, Gabčík shot Klein in the leg and escaped. Heydrich appeared not to be injured seriously.

One version suggests that a Czech woman is said to have come to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a truck delivering floor polish. First, Heydrich was placed in the back seat, but after complaining that the movement of the truck was causing him pain, he was placed in the back of the truck, lying on his stomach, and he was taken to Bulovka hospital. He suffered a severe injury to the left side of his body with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, lung, and he also had a broken rib. The doctors immediately performed an operation and despite a slight fever, his recovery appeard to progress quite well. On June, 2nd, he had a visit from Himmler, who it is said to have broken down into tears when he heard of the attempt on Heydrich's life. During Himmler's visit, Heydrich reconciled himself with his fate by reciting a part of one of his father's operas:

"The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum. "^[2]

After Himmler's visit, Heydrich slipped into a coma and never regained consciousness. He is said to have died at 4:30am on June 4th at the age of 38. Although the exact cause of death has not been definitively established, the autopsy states that Heydrich's death was most likely caused by bacteria and toxins from the bomb splinters.

The bomb explosion drove fragments from the car seats into Heydrich's body, including bits of springs and dirty upholstery. This led to massive infections of his internal organs. Despite Himmler sending his best doctors, Heydrich died in a Prague hospital eight days later. The autopsy stated that Heydrich's death was the result of septicemia. Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state (called a Systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS caused

Aftermath

Upon Himmler's orders, the Nazi retaliation was brutal. About 13,000 people were arrested, deported, imprisoned or killed. On 10 June all males over the age of 16 in the village of Lidice, 22 km north-west of Prague, and another village, Ležáky, were murdered. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Lidice (Liditz is a village in the Czech Republic just north-west of Prague which as part of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, was completely destroyed Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Ležáky was a village in Czechoslovakia. In 1942 it was razed to the ground by Nazis during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. The towns were burned and the ruins leveled.

Heydrich's assassins took refuge in the crypt of an Orthodox church in Prague. Their presence there was betrayed to the Nazis, who surrounded the church and started firing on it. Rather than surrender, the assassins took their own lives.

There is a special memorial to both the assassins and the dead of Lidice and Lezaky in Jephson Gardens, Royal Leamington Spa, UK. The Jephson Gardens are formal gardens together with a grassed Park, in the town of Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Leamington Spa, properly Royal Leamington Spa, commonly Leamington (ˈlɛmɪŋtən and "Leam" to locals is a Spa town in central This was the town where the Czech forces were stationed during the war, and where their training took place. The memorial fountain is in the form of a parachute, with water running over the centre fold. Planted around the fountain is the special white Lidice Rose, grown in commemoration of the dead. This memorial is believed to be the only place outside of Czechoslovakia where the special rose is grown. The fountain was designed and is maintained by Warwick district council. Warwick is a local government district of central Warwickshire in England.

An elaborate funeral was conducted for Heydrich in Prague and Berlin, with Hitler attending (and placing Heydrich's decorations on his funeral pillow, the highest grade of the German Order and the Blood Order Medal). A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The German Order (Deutscher Orden was the most important award that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual for "duties of the highest order to the state and party" The Blood Order, officially known as the Decoration (of the Munich putsch) of 9 November 1923, was one of the most prestigious decorations Although Heydrich's death was employed as pro-Reich propaganda, Hitler seemed privately to blame Heydrich for his own death, through carelessness:

Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers" " Forefathers " or "patriarchs" That a man as irreplaceable as Heydrich should expose himself to unnecessary danger, I can only condemn as stupid and idiotic. ^[3]

Lina Heydrich later stated that she believed Heydrich had expected an early death, saying that she saw his frequent unnecessary risk-taking (such as his recklessness during his stint as a fighter pilot) as an attempt to ensure that, should he die, his would be a dramatic death.

Heydrich was buried in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, which had the misfortune to be on the border between West and East Berlin. The Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery (German Invalids' Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Berlin. His plot was between those of two famous German war heroes, Oven and Scharnhorst. Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst ( 12 November 1755 - 28 June 1813) was a General in Prussian service Chief ^[4]. In 1945, however, his headstone and grave marker were removed by the Allies, who feared his tomb would become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, During the time when the Berlin Wall was standing, the grave was part of the so-called "death strip" between the two Berlins and inaccessible to the public. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including

Heydrich's eventual replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA, and Karl Hermann Frank 27 - 28 May 1942 and Kurt Daluege 28 May 1942 - 14 October 1943 as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 &ndash 16 October 1946 was a senior Nazi official during World War II. The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS. Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 – 22 May 1946 was a prominent Sudeten-German Nazi official in Czechoslovakia prior to and during World War II and Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kurt Daluege ( September 15, 1897 &ndash October 24, 1946) was an SS- Oberstgruppenführer and Generaloberst der Polizei Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Protector, sometimes spelled protecter, is used as a title or part of various historical titles of heads of state and others in authority

After Heydrich's death, his legacy lived on; the first three "trial" death camps were constructed and put into operation at Treblinka, Sobibór, and Belzec. Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II. Sobibór is a Village in the administrative district of Gmina Włodawa, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland Belzec (Bełżec approximate Polish pronunciation bew-zhets) was the first of the Nazi German Extermination camps created for implementing The project was named Operation Reinhard in Heydrich's honor. Operation Reinhard ( Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard in German) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews

It is said that when told of Heydrich's death, Odilo Globocnik said, "Thank God that sow's gone to the butcher. Dipl-Ing Odilo Lotario Globocnik ( April 21, 1904 – May 31, 1945) was a prominent Austrian Nazi and later an "

Family

In December 1930 Heydrich met Lina Mathilde von Osten (14 June 1911 - 14 August 1985). Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) She was the daughter of Jürgen von Osten, a minor German aristocrat. They were married on 26 December 1931 in Großenbrode. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Großenbrode is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The couple had four children. According to historian Jaroslav Čvančara, Heydrich had an additional child with a mistress, a leader of League of German Girls (BDM). The League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel or BDM was the only female youth organization in Nazi Germany. ^[5]

Heydrich's younger brother Heinz Siegfried (September 29, 1905 in Halle/S), though initially as fanatical a Nazi as his brother, gradually became disenchanted with Nazism and even became involved in obtaining false identification documents for Jews to save them from persecution. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting When his activities were uncovered by the Gestapo he was given the choice of committing suicide rather than face trial with the attendant hardships for his family (and embarrassment to the regime). He shot himself on November 19, 1944. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Heydrich had four children: Klaus, born in 1933; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. In 1943, Klaus lost his life in a traffic accident. In 1944, Lina Heydrich had Heider removed from the Hitler Youth out of fear that he may meet the same fate as his father. After the war, Lina moved to the island of Fehmarn, located in the Baltic sea, where she operated a hotel.

At the end of the war Heydrich's widow Lina returned to the island of Fehmarn with the surviving three of her four children. She owned and ran a hotel and restaurant. The Finnish theatre director and poet Mauno Manninen (1915-1969), a nephew of the composer Sibelius, was a frequent guest at the hotel. He took pity on the difficulties she experienced as a result of her infamous name and offered to marry her to enable her to change it. They married in 1965 but did not live together. She died in 1985, claiming till the end that she had known nothing about the atrocities committed and ordered by her first husband.

Since Heydrich's death, it has also been suggested that Heydrich had Jewish grandparents and that this was known to high Nazi leaders including Hitler and Himmler. Under the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, Jewishness was defined as any person with one Jewish grandparent. The Nuremberg Laws ( German: Nürnberger Gesetze) of 1935 were denaturalization laws passed in Nazi Germany. That would have classified Heydrich as "a person of mixed Jewish blood in the second degree", meaning he had one pure German and one half Jewish parent. As a "Mischling" (of mixed blood) Heydrich would, at the very least, have been subject to expulsion from the SS. Mischling (" Crossbreed " in German) was the German term used during the Third Reich era in the German Empire to denote persons deemed to have partial

The testimony of Walter Schellenberg is cited in support of this view. Walter (correctly Walther) Friedrich Schellenberg ( January 16[[ 910]] &ndash March 31[[ 952]] was a German Nazi who He stated in the 1950s that Heinrich Himmler had met privately with Heydrich in 1935, after learning that one of Heydrich's relatives had held the surname of "Süss", a common Jewish name. According to Schellenberg, Heydrich admitted that one of his grandparents was Jewish and Himmler had reportedly informed Hitler. Hitler, however, stated Heydrich was a special case since "his Aryan blood far suppressed his Jewish heritage". Shortly thereafter, Gestapo personnel were dispatched to Halle, where Heydrich had been born, to erase certain records of Heydrich's past.

It was not long before other Nazis had heard insinuations that Heydrich might have had a Jewish relative in his background. Dr. Achim Gercke, the Nazi Party's leading genealogist, was commissioned by Gregor Strasser to look into Heydrich's background after a Nazi official, Rudolf Jordan, revealed Heydrich's suspected Jewish grandfather to Party Headquarters in 1932. Achim Gercke ( August 3, 1902 - 1997 was a German politician Born in Greifswald, Gercke became a department head of the NSDAP in Munich Gregor Strasser (also Straßer, see ß) ( May 31, 1892 &ndash June 30, 1934) was a Politician of the German Rudolf Jordan ( 21 June 1902 &ndash 27 October 1988) was a Nazi Gauleiter in Halle-Merseburg and Magdeburg Gercke said that research showed that not only was the Süss in question, a locksmith, not even a Jew, but that he wasn't even Heydrich's genetic grandfather, whose name was Reinhold Heydrich. The accuracy of both Schellenberg's and Gercke's accounts are debated among historians.

Heydrich had four children, mainly:

• Klaus (born 17 June 1933) died in a traffic accident in the lower castle in Panenské Břežany (Jungfern-Breschan) on 24 October 1943
• Heider (born 28 December 1934)
• Silke (born 9 April 1939)
• Marte (born 23 July 1942)

As of 2008, Heider, Marte and Silke are reported as still being alive. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Summary of SS career

Dates of rank

• SS-Mann: 14 July 1931
• SS-Sturmführer: 10 August 1931
• SS-Sturmhauptführer: 1 December 1931
• SS-Sturmbannführer: 25 December 1931
• SS-Standartenführer: 29 July 1932
• SS-Oberführer: 21 March 1933
• SS-Brigadeführer: 9 November 1933
• SS-Gruppenführer: 30 June 1934
• SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei: 27 September 1941

The earliest official photographs of Heydrich wearing an SS uniform are from 1933 when he held the rank of SS-Oberführer. Mann ( German for Man was a paramilitary rank used by several Nazi Party paramilitary organizations between 1925 and 1945 Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sturmführer was a paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party which began as a title used by the Sturmabteilung in 1925 and became an actual SA Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sturmhauptführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank used by both the Sturmabteilung and the SS. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sturmbannführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party which was used by both the Sturmabteilung (SA and the Schutzstaffel Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Standartenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in both the S Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Oberführer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921 Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brigadeführer was an SS rank that was used in Nazi Germany between the years of 1932 and 1945 Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gruppenführer (literally “Group Leader” was an early Paramilitary Rank of the Nazi Party, first created in 1925 as a senior Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Obergruppenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the SA and until 1942 it was the highest The Ordnungspolizei (Orpo was the name for the uniformed Regular German Police force in existence during the period of Nazi Germany, notably Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Oberführer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921 Some private photographs exist showing him as an SS-Standartenführer from 1932, but there are no known pictures of Heydrich wearing a junior SS rank from before this time. Standartenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was used in both the S

Service history

• July 1931: Appointed as an SS member under SS Number 10120
• August 1931: Appointed as SS officer and tasked with forming the SS Security Service
• July 1932: Founded the Sicherheitsdienst
• 1936: Appointed Commander of the Sicherheitspolizei
• September 1939: Founder and first Commander of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt
• September 1941: Appointed as Deputy Reichsprotector of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
• January 1942: Chairman of the Wannsee Conference
• May 1942: Attacked by British supported Czechoslovak partisans in Prague
• June 1942: Died from wounds received in partisan attack

Heydrich's decorations

• German Order (Posthumous)
• Blood Order (Posthumous)
• Golden Nazi Party Badge
• Iron Cross Second (1940) and First (1941) Classes
• Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge (Flugzeugführerabzeichen)
• Luftwaffe Front Pilot Badge (Frontflugspange) in bronze (1940) and in silver (1941)
• Danzig Cross (First Class)
• Anschluss Medal
• Sudetenland Medal with Prague Castle Bar
• Memel Medal
• Olympic Games Decoration (First Class)
• Social Welfare Decoration (First Class)
• NSDAP Long Service Ribbon for 10 years service
• Police Service Ribbon for 18 years service

Heydrich in popular culture

• Kenneth Branagh reportedly said that he had trouble portraying Heydrich in Conspiracy due to the evil that surrounded him (Stanley Tucci also had similar reservations about playing Adolf Eichmann in the same film). The Sicherheitsdienst (SD Security Service was primarily the Intelligence service of the SS and the NSDAP. The Sicherheitspolizei (security police often abbreviated as SiPo, was a term used in Nazi Germany to describe the state political and criminal investigation security The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which The Wannsee Conference was a Meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on Operation Anthropoid was the code name for the Assassination of top German leader Reinhard Heydrich. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation The German Order (Deutscher Orden was the most important award that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual for "duties of the highest order to the state and party" The Blood Order, officially known as the Decoration (of the Munich putsch) of 9 November 1923, was one of the most prestigious decorations The Golden Party Badge was a special badge of the Nazi Party. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia An Aviator Badge is an insignia used in most of the world’s militaries to designate those who have received training and qualification in Military aviation. The Danzig Cross (Danziger Kreuz was a Nazi decoration of the Free City of Danzig. The The Anschluss Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 13 The The Sudetenland Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 1 The The Return of Memel Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an die Heimkerhr des Memllandes 22 Kenneth Charles Branagh (born 10 December 1960) is an Emmy Award -winning Academy Award -nominated Northern Irish Actor Conspiracy is a BBC / HBO television film which dramatizes the 1942 Wannsee Conference. Stanley Tucci Jr (born 11 November 1960) is an American Golden Globe - and Emmy Award -winning Screen Actors Guild - and
• Actor Anton Diffring played the central character Heydrich in the film "Operation Daybreak" about the assassination of the Reichsprotektor. Anton Diffring ( October 20, 1918 in Koblenz, Germany – May 20, 1989 in France) was a German Interestingly, Diffring was 57 years old when he shot this movie; the real Heydrich died at 38.
• Heydrich was portrayed by David Warner twice: in the 1978 TV miniseries Holocaust, and in the 1985 TV movie Hitler's S.S.: Portrait in Evil. David Warner may refer to Dave Warner, or David Robert Warner an Australian author rock musician and screenwriter David Warner (actor A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes Holocaust is an Emmy Award -winning television Miniseries broadcast in four parts in 1978 on the NBC television network Hitler's SS Portrait in Evil is a 1985 TV film about two German brothers Helmut and Karl Hoffmann and the paths they take during the Nazi era of Germany The movie followed the career of his subordinate Helmut Hoffmann, played by Bill Nighy. William Francis "Bill" Nighy (ˈnaɪ born 12 December 1949) is a Golden Globe - and BAFTA -award winning English Actor
• A Heydrich action figure has been produced by In The Past Toys, amongst many other people of the Third Reich military and police organization.
• The English rock band British Sea Power wrote a song called "A Lovely Day Tomorrow" about Heydrich's assassination by the Czech resistance. British Sea Power are a four-man Indie rock band based in Brighton, England, although three of the band come originally from Kendal in Originally a b-side, the song was re-recorded in 2004 as a limited edition single in collaboration with Czech band the Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. Ecstasy of Saint Theresa (EOST is a Czech Shoegaze band formed in 1990 by Jan Muchow and Irna Libowitz The single included both English and Czech versions of the song.
• The song SS-3 from thrash metal band Slayer's Divine Intervention album is about Heydrich, the title coming from the numberplate of the car he was killed in. Slayer is an American Thrash metal band founded by Guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King in
• The Black metal band Marduk released a song called “The Hangman of Prague” in their Plague Angel album inspired by Heydrich's assassinations in Prague. Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos shrieked vocals highly distorted guitars played with Tremolo picking, Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI Plague Angel is the ninth Studio album by Swedish Black metal band Marduk.
• The song 1942 by Czech punk band Incrux is about Heydrich, referring to year of Heydrich's assassination.
• The 1943 Fritz Lang film Hangmen Also Die takes place in Prague and is based on Heydrich's assassination.
• The 1962 fictional work The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick mentions Heydrich in a timeline without his assassination. The Man in the High Castle is a 1962 Alternate history Novel by Science fiction writer Philip K Philip Kindred Dick (December 16 – March 2) was an American Science fiction Novelist and Short story Writer.

Fiction

The events of the Wannsee conference are recreated in the 1984 TV Movie Wannseekonferenz (The Wannsee Conference)[1] directed by Heinz Schirk, and remade in 2001 under the title Conspiracy [2], with Kenneth Branagh playing Reinhard Heydrich. The Wannsee Conference (Die Wannseekonferenz is a 1984 German TV movie treating the events of the Wannsee Conference. Conspiracy is a BBC / HBO television film which dramatizes the 1942 Wannsee Conference. Kenneth Charles Branagh (born 10 December 1960) is an Emmy Award -winning Academy Award -nominated Northern Irish Actor The Conference was also the subject of a 1992 English language documentary film entitled The Wannsee Conference directed by Dutch director Willy Lindwer [3]. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Willy Lindwer (1946 is a Dutch documentary Filmmaker. Willy Lindwer was born in Amsterdam Netherlands, where he studied at the Netherlands

The plan to kill Heydrich is central to the plot of the 1998 novel As Time Goes By, a sequel to the movie Casablanca, written by Michael Walsh. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Casablanca ( is an American Romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and Michael Walsh is the name of Michael Walsh (composer, an Australian New Age music composer (ISBN 0-446-51900-6). The assassination itself has been dramatised in the 1943 Fritz Lang film Hangmen Also Die (written by Bertolt Brecht) [4], the 1964 Czechoslovak film Atentát [5] and the 1975 film Operation Daybreak, starring Anthony Andrews (Jozef Gabcik), Timothy Bottoms (Jan Kubis), Martin Shaw (Karel Curda) and Anton Diffring (Heydrich) [6]. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American Hangmen Also Die! is a War film directed by the legendary Austrian director Fritz Lang and written by John Wexley Bertolt Brecht and Lang (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Atentát is a 1964 black-and-white Czech film directed by Jiří Sequens. Operation Daybreak is a 1975 World War II film based on the true story of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in Prague (see Anthony Andrews ( born 12 January 1948 in London) is an English Actor, best known for his role in Brideshead Revisited Timothy James Bottoms (born August 30, 1951) is an American Actor and producer You may be looking for Martin Shaw (composer, or Martin Shaw (professor Martin Shaw (born 21 January 1945 in Birmingham Anton Diffring ( October 20, 1918 in Koblenz, Germany – May 20, 1989 in France) was a German As another instance of Heydrich's courting of disaster, this film shows him risking death by wearing the Crown of Bohemia which was historically fatal to anyone unentitled to do so.

Heydrich, as the "Reich's Crown Prince of Terror", plays a leading role in March Violets and The Pale Criminal, the first two novels in Philip Kerr's Berlin Noir trilogy (ISBN 0-14-023170-6), in which Bernie Gunther, a Berlin private eye in the tradition of Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe who left the Berlin police when the Nazis came to power, finds his investigations embroiling him in the internal feuding of the Nazi High Command. Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler in a series of novels including The Big Sleep and The Long Goodbye

Heydrich and the events of the Wannsee conference are also the subjects of Robert Harris's novel Fatherland. Fatherland is a bestselling 1992 thriller Novel by the English Writer and journalist Robert Harris, which doubles The book portrays an alternate history where Heydrich is promoted to the rank of Reichsführer-SS (4-star General) after the death of Himmler. was a special SS rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 For a brief three seconds at movie's end (an ending in direct contradiction to that in the novel) he is shown standing with two other officials while the evidence of the Holocaust is given to U. S. President Joseph P. Kennedy. Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr (September 6 1888 &ndash November 18 1969 was a prominent American businessman and political figure and the father of U

The Man in the High Castle, an alternate-history novel by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick set in the 1960s describes Heydrich as head of the SS and maneuvering to become Reich Chancellor after Hitler and his immediate successor, Martin Bormann, are dead. The Man in the High Castle is a 1962 Alternate history Novel by Science fiction writer Philip K Philip Kindred Dick (December 16 – March 2) was an American Science fiction Novelist and Short story Writer. Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945

In the Robert Ludlum novel, The Tristan Betrayal, Heydrich plays a small but pivotal role. Robert Ludlum ( May 25, 1927 New York City  – March 12, 2001 Naples Florida) was an American Author The Tristan Betrayal is a novel by Robert Ludlum, published posthumously in 2003 In this World War II thriller Heydrich is the master and father figure to a German assassin, Kleist, who serves as one of the antagonists of the novel. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The book portrays Heydrich as a cruel, calculating man (nothing new) who had utmost respect from his fellow Nazi officials (debatable).

Heydrich also plays a pivotal role in William Harrington's novel "The English Lady".

"The Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich" is a short story by Jim Shepard which explores the plot to assassinate Heydrich from the conspirators' perspective. For the bassist see Jim Sheppard; for the ice hockey player see James Sheppard.

See also

• List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
• Ernst Kaltenbrunner

References

Bibliography

• SS Service Record of Reinhard Heydrich, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland
• The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich: The SS "Butcher of Prague", by Callum MacDonald (Da Capo Press, N. This is a list of the Presidents (Heads of state Prime Ministers (Heads of government both Czech and Reichsprotektors ' ('Imperial Protector' means nazi-representative the German Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 &ndash 16 October 1946 was a senior Nazi official during World War II. The United States National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged College Park is a city in Prince George's County Maryland, USA. Y. 1989), ISBN 0-306-80860-9
• Assassination : Operation Anthropoid 1941-1942, by Michael Burian (Avis, Prague 2002)
• The Face of the Third Reich: Portraits of the Nazi Leadership, by Joachim Fest (Da Capo Press)
• "Reinhard Heydrich - Der deutsche Polizeichef als Jagdflieger", by Stefan Semerdjiev, Deutsche Militärzeitschrift, No 41 Sept/Okt. 2004, pp. 36-38.
• "Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher" ("Life with a War Criminal"), by Lina Heydrich (Ludwig Verlag, Pfaffenhofen 1976) ISBN 3-7787-1025-7
• Heydrich: The Face of Evil, by Mario R. Dederichs, tr. Geoffrey Brooks (Greenhill Books, London 2006)
• Hitler: A Study In Tyranny, by Alan Bullock (HarperCollins, New York 1962)
• Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf (Verlag der Spiegel, Hamburg, 1966), by Heinz Höhne; translated as The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS (Richard Barry, transl. ) (Pan Books 1972).
• The Labyrinth, by Walter Schellenberg, with introduction by Alan Bullock (Da Capo Press, original copyright, 1956 by Harper & Brothers)
• The Assassination of Heydrich, by Jan Wiener (Grossman Publishers, N. Walter (correctly Walther) Friedrich Schellenberg ( January 16[[ 910]] &ndash March 31[[ 952]] was a German Nazi who Y. 1969)
• The Life and Times of Reinhard Heydrich, by G. S. Graber (Robert Hale, London 1980)

Notes

External links

• Wiesenthal Center Information Page
• Heydrich's gravesite (Find-a-Grave)
• Special SS memorial publication. In English.
• Website with many contemporary photographs
• The assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
• Reinhard Heydrich on www.adolfhitler.ws
• Axis History Forums

Preceded by Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath

Protector of Bohemia-Moravia (acting) 29 September 1941 - 4 June 1942

Succeeded by Kurt Daluege

Persondata
NAME	Heydrich, Reinhard Tristan Eugen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	SS-Obergruppenführer officer
DATE OF BIRTH	7 March 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH	Halle an der Saale, Germany
DATE OF DEATH	4 June 1942
PLACE OF DEATH	Prague, Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia

tags:

Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 – 14 August 1956 was a German diplomat, Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938 and Reichsprotektor The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which Kurt Daluege ( September 15, 1897 &ndash October 24, 1946) was an SS- Oberstgruppenführer and Generaloberst der Polizei The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Obergruppenführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the SA and until 1942 it was the highest Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren Protektorát Čechy a Morava was the majority ethnic-Czech Protectorate which

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