Map showing the various areas of control in the Regions of Somalia.
Four quasi-independent but not internationally recognised states have formed on the territory of Somalia since the 1990s. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The politics of Somalia are defined by the state of Civil war which since 1991 has divided the country into various warring entities and autonomist and seccessionist The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. See also History of Somalia List of Prime Ministers of Somalia Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, عبدالله يوسف أحمد (born December 15 1934) is a veteran Somali Politician List of the Heads of Government of Somalia (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office Political Affiliations SNL - Somali Nur Hassan Hussein ( Nuur Xasan Xuseen, نور حسن حسين also known as Nur Adde, has been the Prime Minister of Somalia since November 2007 History Historically Somali society accorded prestige to the warrior (waranle and rewarded military prowess The Somali Council of Ministers consists of members appointed by the prime minister. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic ( Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya See also Transitional Federal Parliament, History of the Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia The List of selected members of the In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The Judiciary of Somalia as defined by the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC began its formative stages in early 2007 with the swearing in of the first jurists recognized A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 Key players Africa Oil Corp formerly Canmex Minerals an oil company based out of Vancouver, British Columbia Canada. Galmudug, is a secular decentralized state in the central region of Somalia. Maakhir ( Gobolka Maakhir; ماخر) officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ( Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir, ولاية ماخر الصومال The Politics and Government of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, with the President |||} Before the civil war began in 1991 the regions of Somalia were subdivided into 75 Districts These districts are listed below by region Awdal See also List of members of the Somali Transitional Federal Parliament, Factions in the Somali Civil War, List of political parties in Somalia Somalia is a Political parties in Somalia lists political parties in Somalia. Foreign relations of Somalia are handled primarily by the President as the head of state Prime Minister as the head of government and the Minister of Foreign Human rights in Somalia are extremely poor and serious human rights violations are a problem due to the unstable political situation in the country Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent These entities and their capitals are:
Galmudug (South Galkayo)
Puntland (Garowe)
Somaliland {Hargeisa)
Maakhir (Badhan)
Northland (Las Anod)
The regions of Somalia have been correspondingly changed by these entities. Galmudug, is a secular decentralized state in the central region of Somalia. Sources Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 ' Garoowe ( Garoowe) is the capital City of Puntland state in the Nugaal region of Somalia. History Prehistoric inhabitants The city is home to Neolithic Cave paintings recently discovered named Laas Geel. Maakhir ( Gobolka Maakhir; ماخر) officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ( Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir, ولاية ماخر الصومال Las Anod ( Laascaanood) is the administrative capital of Sool region of Somalia.
- Somalia (Transitional Federal Government control)
- Bakool (Xuddur) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab
- Banaadir (Mogadishu) note: Contested heavily between government and rebel forces
- Galguduud (Dhuusamarreeb) note: local clan elders actually rule in Galgadud, Galmudug controls the town of Gelinsoor in the northeastern corner
- Bay (Baidoa) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab save for Baidoa
- Gedo (Garbahaarreey) Elected regional assemly members (32) and elected district commissioners in all (7) districts
- Hiiraan (Beledweyne) note: This region has largely fallen under control of the Islamic Courts Union save for Beletweyn
- Shabeellaha Dhexe (Jowhar) note: This region is completely under the control of the Islamic Courts Union
- Shabeellaha Hoose (Merca) note: local clan elders actually rule in Shabelle Hoose, heavy presence of al-Shabaab
- Jubbada Dhexe (Bu'aale) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab
- Jubbada Hoose (Kismayo) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab though local clans and warlords still rule Kismayo and its environs. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Bakool (Bakool is a region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Its capital is Xuddur. Huddur is the capital city of Bakool, Somalia. It is located in the south-west of Somalia around. Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and Benadir or Banaadir ( Somali: Banaadir; بنادر is a region ( gobolka) in southern Somalia. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Galguduud (Galguduud is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Dhuusamareeb ( Dhuusamareeb) Dhusa Mareb, Dusta Mareb is the capital town of Galguduud region a former Italian commissariat Mudugh Somalia Bay (Baay is an administrative region ( gobolka) in southern Somalia. Baidoa ( Baydhabo) is a city in south-central Somalia, situated 256 kilometers (159 miles by road northwest of the capital Mogadishu. Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and Gedo ( Geedo) is an administrative region ( gobolka) formerly part of the historic Upper Juba Region, Somalia. Garbahaarey is the capital of Gedo, the second largest and sixth most populous region ( gobolka) of Somalia. Hiiraan (Hiiraan is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Beledweyne ( Beledweyne)(بليث وين is a city in central Somalia. The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim Middle Shabele ( Somali: Shabeellaha Dhexe) is an administrative region ( Gobolka) in southern Somalia. Jowhar (Jowhar is the capital town of the Shabeellaha Dhexe region of Somalia (located at) and along with Baidoa, used to form the The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim Lower Shabele ( Somali: Shabeellaha Hoose) is an administrative region ( gobolka) in southern Somalia. Merca ( Somali Marka) is a port city in southern Somalia on the Indian Ocean. Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and Middle Juba (Jubbada Dhexe is an administrative region ( gobolka) in southern Somalia in the historical region of Jubaland. Bu'aale is the capital town of Jubbada Dhexe, in southern Somalia in the Jubba River valley Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose is an administrative region ( gobolka) in the traditional region of Jubaland in southern Somalia. Kismayo or Kismayu (Kismaayo كيسمايو; Chisimaio is a Port Al-Shabaab (Arabic "The Youth") also known as As-Shabaab, Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic "The Party of Youth") and
- Somaliland
- Awdal (Borame)
- Maroodi Jeex (Hargeysa) note: This region used to be called Woqooyi Galbeed
- Togdheer (Burco)
- Saaxil (Berbera) note: This region used to be part of Woqooyi Galbeed
- Sanaag (Ceerigaabo) note: Maakhir controls the eastern and Southern parts of Sanaag and Ceerigaabo
- Sool (Las Anod) note: Most of Sool geographically speaking is part of Northland, though pro-Somaliland warlord Ahmed Abdi Xabsade controls Las Anod and it's environs. Awdal (Awdal is a region in northwestern Somalia. Its capital is Boorama. Maroodi Jeex is a Gobolka, one of the six regions of the self-proclaimed (but not internationally recognized Republic of Somaliland, which lies within the internationally History Prehistoric inhabitants The city is home to Neolithic Cave paintings recently discovered named Laas Geel. Woqooyi Galbeed (Woqooyi Galbeed is a region in northwestern Somalia. Togdheer ( Togdheer) is an administrative region in northwestern Somalia. Burao (Burco is the capital city of the Togdheer province of Somalia. Saaxil (Sahel is a region ( gobolka) in Somalia, and one of the six regions of the self-proclaimed but not internationally recognized Republic of Somaliland History The city was first described in the eighth chapter of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written by a Greek merchant in the first century CE Sanaag ( Somali: Sanaag) is a region ( gobol) in northern Somalia. Erigabo or Erigavo ( Ceerigaabo) is the administrative Capital of the Sanaag region of Somalia. Sool ( Somali: Sool) is a province located in the northeastern interior of the Horn of Africa. Las Anod ( Laascaanood) is the administrative capital of Sool region of Somalia.
- Gabiley (Gabiley) note: This region used to be part of Woqooyi Galbeed
- Salal (Zeila) note: This region used to be part of Awdal
- Sarar (Ainabo) note: This region used to be part of Sool
- Odweyne (Odweyne) note: This region used to be part of Togdheer
- Maakhir
- Madar (Badhan) note: This region used to be part of Sanaag
- Boharo (Dhahar) note: This region used to be part of Sanaag
- Sanaag (Ceerigaabo) note: Somaliland controls the western half of Sanaag and Ceerigaabo, and Northland controls part of Ceerigaabo and a wedge of territory south of the city. Gabiley is the second main city after Hargeisa in the Woqooyi Galbeed region of Somalia. Gabiley is the second main city after Hargeisa in the Woqooyi Galbeed region of Somalia. Salal or shallon ( Gaultheria shallon, Ericaceae) is a leathery-leaved shrub native to western North America. Zeila ( Saylac) is a port city on the Gulf of Aden coast and is located in the Awdal region of Somalia near the Djibouti border Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 Bosaso (Boosaaso is a large city in Somalia and the main Port of Somalia (since the start of the Somali Civil War in 1991 Karkaar is the name of series of mountains in Northeast portion of Somalia. Qardho (Gardo Is Historic city in the central Puntland area of Somalia. Mudug (Mudug is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Sources Nugaal (Nugaal is one of the smaller administrative regions ( gobol) of Somalia. ' Garoowe ( Garoowe) is the capital City of Puntland state in the Nugaal region of Somalia. Maakhir ( Gobolka Maakhir; ماخر) officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ( Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir, ولاية ماخر الصومال Boharo (Formerly known as Heylaan is a region in the semi-autonomous state of Maakhir. Sanaag ( Somali: Sanaag) is a region ( gobol) in northern Somalia. Sanaag ( Somali: Sanaag) is a region ( gobol) in northern Somalia. Erigabo or Erigavo ( Ceerigaabo) is the administrative Capital of the Sanaag region of Somalia.
- Western Bari (Galgala) note: This region used to be part of Bari
- Galmudug
- Mudug (Gaalkacyo) note: the northern half of Gaalkacyo and all Mudug region is controlled by Puntland
- Hobyo (Hobyo) note: this region used to be part of Mudug
- Harardhere (Harardhere) note: this region used to be part of Mudug & real government control is limited
Of these states, only Somaliland has declared outright independence, the other three claim autonomy within a federal Somalia. Western Bari (Galbeedka Bari is a region ( gobol) in northern Somalia. Galgala is a growing town in Western Bari region of Somalia. The town has ancient markings of religious symbols and Crosses The town has a population Galmudug, is a secular decentralized state in the central region of Somalia. Mudug (Mudug is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Sources Hobyo (also spelled Obbia and Hobyaa) is an ancient harbor city in the Mudug region of Somalia. Hobyo (also spelled Obbia and Hobyaa) is an ancient harbor city in the Mudug region of Somalia. Harardhere is a town in central Somalia, noted for its intense level of piracy Harardhere is a town in central Somalia, noted for its intense level of piracy Northland State of Somalia is an autonomous state in the disputed Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions of Somalia. Sool ( Somali: Sool) is a province located in the northeastern interior of the Horn of Africa. Las Anod ( Laascaanood) is the administrative capital of Sool region of Somalia. Sanaag ( Somali: Sanaag) is a region ( gobol) in northern Somalia. Erigabo or Erigavo ( Ceerigaabo) is the administrative Capital of the Sanaag region of Somalia.
See also
|||} Before the civil war began in 1991 the regions of Somalia were subdivided into 75 Districts These districts are listed below by region Awdal
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