A regiment is a military unit, composed of a variable number of battalions – commanded by a colonel. The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (officially the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) was an Infantry Regiment of the British Army A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Depending on the nation, military branch, mission, and organisation, a modern regiment resembles a brigade, in that both range in size from a few hundred to 5,000 soldiers (3 to 7 standard battalions). A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is Generally, regiments and brigades are grouped as divisions. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers The modern regiment's size varies in number, scope, and administrative role from country to country (and might not exist in some military forces) and sometimes even within the military of the same nations.

Contents 1 Historical origin 2 Regimental system 3 Commonwealth armies 3.1 British Army 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages 3.3 Armour 3.4 Artillery 3.5 Infantry 3.6 Corps 4 United States Army 5 United States Marine Corps 6 Russian Army 7 See also 8 References

Historical origin

The French term régiment entered military usage in Europe at the end of the 16th century, when armies evolved from collections of retinues who followed knights, to a formally organised, permanent military force. A retinue is a body of persons "retained" in the service of a noble or royal personage a suite (literal French meanings what follows of " Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. At that time, regiments usually were named after their commanding colonels, and disbanded at the end of the campaign or war. At that time, the colonel and his regiment might recruit from and serve several masters (countries). Later, it was customary to name the regiment by its geographic precedence in the line of battle, and to recruit from specific places, the cantons. For the purposes of parading the Regular army of the British Army is listed according to an order of precedence. A canton is an Administrative division of a country eg a region or state The oldest, extant regiment is the Swedish Life Guards, although the French claim that their 1st Infantry Regiment the eldest. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Svea Life Guards (Svea Livgarde is a combined Cavalry / Infantry regiment of the Swedish Army, with responsibility for training

In the 18th century brigades were formed as combined arms units (infantry, cavalry, artillery) that were more effective than the older, single-arms regiments; in many armies, brigades replaced regiments. Combined arms is an approach to Warfare which seeks to integrate different arms of a Military to achieve mutually complementary effects

Regimental system

The regimental army organisation system often is contrasted to the "continental system" (adopted by European armies). In the continental system, the division is the functional army unit, and its commander the administrator of every aspect of the formation: his staff train and administer the soldiers, officers, and commanders of the division's subordinate units. Generally, divisions are garrisoned together and share the same installations, thus, in divisional administration, a battalion commanding officer is just another officer in a chain of command; soldiers and officers are transferred in and out of divisions as required. A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel The commanding officer ( CO) is the officer in command of a Military unit.

In the regimental system, each regiment is responsible for recruiting, training, and administration; each regiment is permanently maintained, therefore, the regiment will develop its unique esprit de corps because of its unitary history, traditions, recruitment, and function. Morale, also known as esprit de corps when discussing the morale of a group is an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain Belief in Usually, the regiment is responsible for recruiting and and administrating a soldier's military career. Depending upon the country, regiments can be either combat units or administrative units or both.

Some regiments were designated geographic areas from which to recruit, and usually incorporated the place name to its regimental title. In other cases, regiments would recruit from a given age group within a nation (e. g. Zulu Impis), an ethnic group (e. An Impi is an isiZulu word for any armed body of men However in English it is often used to refer to a Zulu Regiment, which is called an ibutho in g. the Gurkhas), or foreigners (e. Prithvi Naraya Shahdev and Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur The Way of Sacrifice The Rajputs Pages 28-30 Graduate Thesis South Asian Studies Department Dr g. the French Foreign Legion). In other cases, new regiments were raised for new functions within an army; e. g. the Fusiliers, the The Parachute Regiment (British Army), and the U.S. Army 75th Ranger Regiment. Fusilier was originally the name of a soldier armed with a light flintlock Musket called the fusil. The Parachute Regiment is the Airborne Infantry element of the British Army. The United States Army Rangers or simply Army Rangers are specialized elite American light infantry and Special operations troops

The benefits of the regimental system are weighed against such drawbacks as hazardous regimental competition, a lack of interchangeability between units of different regiments, and more pronounced "old boy networks" within the military that may hamper efficiency and fairness.

Another key aspect of the regimental system is that the regiment or battalion is the key tactical building block. This flows historically from the colonial period, when battalions were widely dispersed and virtually autonomous, but is easily adapted to a number of different purposes. For example, a regiment might include different types of battalions (e. g. infantry or artillery) of different origins (e. g. regular or reserve).

Within the regimental system, soldiers, and usually officers, are always posted to a tactical unit of their own regiment whenever posted to field duty. In addition to combat units, other organizations are very much part of the regimental family: regimental training schools, serving members on "extra-regimental employment", regimental associations (retirees), bands and associated cadet groups. The aspects that an administrative regiment might have in common include a symbolic colonel-in-chief (often a member of the royal family), a colonel of the regiment or "honorary colonel" who protects the traditions and interests of the regimental family and insists on the maintenance of high standards, battle honours (honours earned by one unit of an administrative regiment are shared by the whole regiment), ceremonial uniforms, cap badges, peculiarities of insignia, stable belts, and regimental marches and songs. In the British and other Commonwealth armies the Colonel-in-Chief of a Regiment is its (usually royal) Patron. A cap badge, also known as head badge or hat badge, is a badge worn on Uniform headgear and distinguishes the wearer's nationality and/or organisation A stable belt is an item of Uniform used in the Armed forces of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries The regiment usually has a traditional "home station", which is often a historic garrison that houses the regimental museum and regimental headquarters. Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops The latter has a modest staff to support regimental committees and administer both the regular members and the association(s) of retired members.

Commonwealth armies

In the British Army and armies modelled on it (such as the Australian, the Canadian, the Indian and the Pakistani), the term regiment is used confusingly in two different ways: it can mean an administrative identity and grouping or a tactical unit. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Land Force Command ( LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered The modern British regimental system came about as a result of the 19th century Cardwell Reforms. The Cardwell Reforms refer to a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War (and former soldier Edward Cardwell between

In the United Kingdom, until recently there existed a number of administrative "divisions" in the infantry that encompassed several regiments, such as the Guards Division, the former Scottish Division (now a single regiment), or the Light Division (now also compressed into a multi-battalion single regiment). The down-sizing and consolidation of British infantry regiments that began in the late 1950s and concluded in 2006 has resulted in a system of administrative regiments each with several battalions, a band, a common badge and uniform etc.

In other Commonwealth countries such as India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand and Canada the large administrative regiment has been the normal practice for many years. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and In the case of India "large regiments" of four to five battalions date from 1923 and since the 1950s many of these have expanded even further. As an example the Punjab Regiment has expanded from four battalions in 1956 to its present strength of 20, while in Pakistan several regiments have over 50 battalions. More typically of Commonwealth armies with smaller establishments, in Australia there is but one administrative infantry regiment, the Royal Australian Regiment, consisting of all eight regular infantry battalions in the Army, including mechanised, motorised, light and para infantry. The' Royal Australian Regiment' ( RAR) is the parent Regiment for regular Infantry Battalions of the Australian Army, making up the

In Pakistan the word regiment is an administrative grouping. While different battalions may have different roles (for example different battalions of the Frontier Force Regiment may be mechanized infantry, para infantry or mountain troops) the regiment is considered to encompass all of them.

British Army

See also: List of British Army regiments (1881), List of British Army regiments (1962), List of British Army Regiments (1994), and List of British Army Regiments (2008)

In the British Army, for most purposes, the regiment is the largest "permanent" organisational unit. This is a list of British Army cavalry and infantry regiments that were created by Childers reforms in 1881, a continuation of the Cardwell reforms This is a list of British Regular Army regiments after the Army restructuring caused by the 1957 Defence White Paper: many regiments were amalgamated between 1958-60 Cavalry Household Cavalry Regiment and Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment The Life Guards The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards The structure of the British Army is broadly similar to that of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, being divided into two Commands as top-level budget The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Above regimental level, organisation is changed to meet the tasks at hand. Because of their permanent nature, many regiments have long histories, often going back for centuries; the oldest British regiment still in existence is the Honourable Artillery Company, established in 1537. The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC is the oldest surviving Regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior in the The Royal Scots, formed in 1633, was the oldest infantry regiment. The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment, once known as the Royal Regiment of Foot, was the oldest and therefore most senior Infantry Regiment of the line The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists It now forms part of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry. ^[1]

In the British regimental system the tactical regiment or battalion is the basic functional unit and its Commanding Officer more autonomous than in a continental system. Divisional and brigade commanders generally do not immerse themselves in the day-to-day functioning of a battalion – they can replace the commanding officer but will not micro-manage the unit. The regimental sergeant major is another key figure, responsible to the CO for unit discipline and the behaviour of the NCOs. Regimental Sergeant Major ( RSM) is an appointment held by Warrant Officers Class 1 (WO1 in the British Army, the British Royal Marines and in

Advantages and disadvantages

The regimental system is generally admired for the esprit de corps it engenders in its units' members, but efforts to implement it in countries with a previously-existing continental system usually do not succeed. Morale, also known as esprit de corps when discussing the morale of a group is an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain Belief in The system presents difficulties for military planners who must deal with the problems of trying to keep soldiers of a regiment together throughout their careers and of administering separate garrisons, training, and mess facilities. The regimental community of serving and retired members often makes it very difficult for planners to restructure forces by moving, merging or re-purposing units.

In those armies where the system exists, the regimental system is criticized as parochial and as creating unnecessary rivalry between different regiments. The question is also raised as to whether it is healthy to develop soldiers more loyal to their regiment than to the military in general. It is worth noting that the United Kingdom, for example, has never suffered a military coup, or even seriously faced the prospect of one – this could be attributed to the "tribal" nature of the regimental system, which makes it nearly impossible for a charismatic leader to command the loyalty of the entire army. Commonwealth-style regiments have proven their worth throughout history in war and through lengthy and difficult policing missions. Regiments recruited from areas of political ferment (such as Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Quebec, India, etc. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ), tend to perform particularly well because of the loyalty their members exhibit to the regiments. Generally, the regimental system is found to best function in countries with small- to medium-sized military forces where the problems of administering vast numbers of personnel are not as prevalent. The regimental system works particularly well in an environment where the prime role of the army is small-scale police actions and counterinsurgency operations, requiring prolonged deployment away from home. In such a situation, co-ordination between regiments is rarely necessary, and the esprit de corps of the regiment provides an emotional substitute for the sense of public approval that an army receives at home. This is particularly relevant to British experience during the days of the empire, where the army was virtually continuously engaged in low-intensity conflict with insurgents, and full-scale warfare was the exception rather than the rule.

It should however be noted that a series of amalgamations beginning in the late 1950s and ending in 2006 have diluted the British regimental system through the now almost universal adoption of "large regiments" for the infantry and cavalry branches of the Army. These units comprise up to six of the former battalions that previously had separate regimental status. Only the Guards regiments retain their historic separate identities.

Armour

Armoured regiments in Canada since the end of the Second World War have usually been composed of one tactical regiment only. Armoured warfare or tank warfare is the use of Armoured fighting vehicles in Modern warfare. During the 1960s, three Canadian regiments had both Regular and Militia components which were disbanded shortly after Unification in 1968. Currently, one regiment is organized with two tactical regiments and 12^e Régiment blindé du Canada and 12^e Régiment blindé du Canada (Milice) are both part of the administrative regiment 12^e Régiment blindé du Canada. The only administrative armoured regiment of the British Army that consists of more than one tactical regiment is the Royal Tank Regiment, which currently has two (1 and 2 RTR), and once had many more. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The Royal Tank Regiment (RTR is an armoured regiment of the British Army.

Artillery

All of a single nation's artillery units are considered part of a single administrative regiment, but there are typically several tactical artillery regiments. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine They are designated by numbers, names or both. For example, the tactical regiments 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, 10th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA and many others are part of the single administrative regiment The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery. The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery is the name given to the regular field artillery units of the Canadian Army. The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian In Britain, the Royal Regiment of Artillery works in the same way. The Royal Artillery, is the common name for the Royal Regiment of Artillery, is an Arm of the British Army.

Irish Army

Irish Army field artillery units are called regiments. The Irish Army ( Arm na hÉireann) is the main branch of the Irish Defence Forces ( Óglaigh na hÉireann) They are divided into batteries and together form the Artillery Corps. At present there are two artillery regiments per brigade, one full-time regular regiment and one part-time reserve regiment. Irish Army Air Defence units are called batteries and collectively form a regiment. Batteries are dispersed throughout the country and encompass both regular and reserve formations.

Infantry

Administrative infantry regiments are composed of one or more battalions. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel When a regiment has only one battalion, the battalion may have exactly the same name as the regiment. For example, The North Saskatchewan Regiment is the only battalion in the administrative regiment of the same name. The North Saskatchewan Regiment (N Sask R is a Primary Reserve Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Forces, headquartered in Saskatoon When there is more than one battalion, they are distinguished by numbers, subsidiary titles or both. In Britain, every infantry battalion bears a number, even if it is the only remaining battalion in the regiment (in which case it is the 1st Battalion, with the exception of The Irish Regiment of Canada which has a 2nd Battalion only). 2nd Battalion The Irish Regiment of Canada is a Primary Reserve Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Forces based in Sudbury, Ontario Until after the Second World War, every regiment had at least two battalions. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Traditionally, the regular battalions were the 1st and 2nd Battalions, the militia (later Special Reserve) battalion was the 3rd Battalion, and the Territorial Army battalions were the 4th Battalion and up. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom A few regiments had up to four regular battalions and more than one militia battalion, which skewed the numbering, but this was rare. For this reason, although the regular battalion today (if there is only one) will always be the 1st Battalion, the TA battalions may have non-consecutive numbers.

In practice, it is impossible to exercise all the administrative functions of a true regiment when the regiment consists of a single unit. Soldiers, and particularly officers, cannot spend a full career in one battalion. Thus in the Armoured Corps, the traditional administrative "regiment" tends to play more of a ceremonial role, while in practise, its members are administered by their corps or "branch" as in the Artillery. Thus soldiers and officers can serve in many different "regiments", changing hat badges without too much concern during their career. Indeed, in the artillery, all regiments wear the same badge.

Corps

The British Army also has battalion-sized tactical regiments of the Royal Engineers, Royal Corps of Signals, Army Air Corps, Royal Logistic Corps, Royal Military Police, and formerly of the Royal Corps of Transport. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers ( RE) and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. The Army Air Corps is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 Royal Logistic Corps is the British Army Corps that provides the logistic support for the Army The Royal Military Police ( RMP) is the branch of the British Army responsible for the policing of service personnel and providing a Military police The Royal Corps of Transport ( RCT) was a British Army Corps formed in 1965 from the transport (land water and air and movement control elements

United States Army

See also: Category:Infantry divisions of the United States Army

The United States Army was also once organized into regiments, but in the 20th century the division became the tactical and administrative building block. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Industrial management techniques were used to draft, assemble, equip, train and then employ huge masses of conscripted civilians in very short order, starting with minimal resources.

Historically, a regiment consisted of 3 battalions and the regiment headquarters (Hq) company. A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel

A new system, the Combat Arms Regimental System, or CARS, was thus adopted to replace the old regimental system. The Combat Arms Regimental System, known by its Acronym CARS was the method of assigning unit designations to units of the five combat arms ( Infantry, Artillery CARS uses the Army's traditional regiments as parent organizations for historical purposes, but the primary building blocks of divisions and brigades became battalions. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel Each battalion carries an association with a parent regiment, even though the regimental organization no longer exists. Many armies use different Regimental systems The United States Army, among others uses the parent regiment system In some brigades several numbered battalions carrying the same regimental association may still serve together, and tend to treat themselves as part of the traditional regiment when in fact they are independent battalions serving a brigade headquarters and not a regimental one.

There are, of course, exceptions to CARS, including the Armored Cavalry Regiments, The Old Guard, which is the Army's ceremonial unit at Fort Myer, VA that retained its historical title of the 3rd U. Fort Myer is a US Army post adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County Virginia, across the Potomac River S. Infantry Regiment, and the 75th Ranger Regiment that was created in 1986. The United States Army Rangers or simply Army Rangers are specialized elite American light infantry and Special operations troops

Training, administration and even tactical employment was centred at divisional level. Many, but not all combat support and logistics was also concentrated at that level.

In the 21st century, the US Army began a program of "modularization", using the Brigade Combat Team as the basic building block for combat arms formations. The brigade combat team (BCT is the basic deployable unit of maneuver in the US Army. The BCT can be an independent organization or grouped with other BCT's under divisional control. This system, however, still retains the historical regimental numbering system established under CARS for battalions.

United States Marine Corps

See also: List of United States Marine Corps regiments

The USMC is divided into numbered regiments. This is a list of United States Marine Corps regiments, sorted by status and number with the current or most-recent type and division Regardless of their purpose, Marine regiments are always referred to generically as "Marines" or "Marine Regiments" – never as "Marine Rifle Regiment" (the USMC does not use the terms infantry or infantryman, preferring rifle and rifleman instead) or "Marine Artillery Regiment. " For example, a Marine would consider himself to be a member of the 12th Marines or the 10th Marines. All regiments in the Marine Corps are rifle units with the exception of the regular 10th, 11th, 12th Marines, and reserve 14th Marines which are artillery regiments. A rifle is a Firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling" cut into the barrel walls Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine Marine Regiments are commanded by Colonels of Marines and are usually composed of three to five battalions.

Because the United States Marine Corps deploys in Marine Expeditionary Units or MEU's, a regiment may be deployed as the ground combat element of a Marine Expeditionary Brigade or MEB. A Marine Expeditionary Unit ( MEU, pronounced M-YOO formerly called Marine Amphibious Unit ( MAU) is the smallest Marine Air-Ground Task Force In the United States Marine Corps, the Ground combat element is the land force of a Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF This is a list of United States Marine Corps brigades. Marine Expeditionary Brigades 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade 2nd When attached to the MEB the Regiment is reinforced and redesignated a Regimental Landing Team.

Russian Army

The regiments (Russian: полк)^[2] of the Russian Army, and armed forces influenced by Russia consist of battalions (Russian: батальон), in the infantry or tank troops, divizions (Russian: дивизион) in the artillery troops, and squadrons (Russian: эскадрилья) in aviation troops. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (UTC (Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции Transliteration Vooruzhyónniye Síly Rossíyskoy Federátsii A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages A squadron is a small unit or formation of Cavalry, armour, Aircraft (including Balloons) or Warships Army Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them Land forces regiments also include support units – companies (Russian: рота) and/or platoons (Russian: взвод). A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

See also

• Military organization
• Regiment of the North Pole is an old astronomy term, but a link to it is put here to avoid confusion. A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy The Regiment of the North Pole, an outdated Astronomy term is a rule saying how to find the celestial North Pole by the stars

References

1. ^ These claims are contested on various points of precedence; see FAQ: Regiments, in general and especially: FAQ: Oldest Regiment in the British Army
2. ^ the word had common etymology with the Scandinavian fólk that in the ancient times meant something akin to a gathering of armed people

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