Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Regent (disambiguation).

A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns", is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state [1] Thus, the common use is for an acting deputy governor. A Deputy governor is a gubernatorial official who is subordinated to a Governor, rather like a Lieutenant governor.

In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to rule during the interregnum when the royal line has died out. An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity of a government organization or social order This was the case in Finland and Hungary, where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In Iceland, the regent represented the King of Denmark as sovereign of Iceland until the country became a republic in 1944. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe

In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), kings were elective, which often led to a fairly long interregnum. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Free election (Polish wolna elekcja) was the Election of individual kings rather than of Dynasties, to the Polish throne between An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity of a government organization or social order In the interim, it was the Polish Roman Catholic Primate who served as the regent, termed the "interrex" (Latin: ruler "between kings," as in ancient Rome). Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first" is a title or rank bestowed on some Bishops in certain Christian churches Interrex or "inter-rex" (Latin plural interreges) was literally a ruler "between kings Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu (see below). The Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny doubly landlocked Alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland Terengganu ( Jawi: ترڠڬانو, formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu) is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia

Contents

Regents in various current monarchies

It should be noted that those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete, presumably not even for all monarchies included. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental The list includes some figures who acted as regent, even if they did not themselves hold the title of regent.

Belgium

Japan

Jordan

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Malaysia and its constitutive monarchies

Terengganu

Monaco

Netherlands

Norway

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Spain

Sweden

Thailand (Siam)

United Kingdom and its constitutive realms

Main article: Regency Acts

England

Scotland

Regents in various former Monarchies

The same notes apply; inclusion in this list reflects the political reality, regardless of claims to the throne. Patrick Hepburn (1487 &ndash 1573 was a 16th century Scottish Prelate. James IV ( 17 March 1473 &ndash 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death Margaret Tudor ( 28 November, 1489 &ndash 18 October 1541) was the elder of the two surviving daughters of Henry VII of England James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death John Stewart Duke of Albany (1481 or 1484 &ndash 2 July 1536 in Mirfleur France was Regent of the Kingdom of Scotland, Duke of Albany James V (10 April 1512 &ndash 14 December 1542 was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death Archibald Douglas 6th Earl of Angus (1490 &ndash January 1557 was a Scottish nobleman active during the reigns of James V and Mary Queen of Scots. This article is about the Scottish church leader for his namesake as archbishop of Glasgow see James Beaton II. James Hamilton Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran (c Mary of Guise (Marie de Guise November 22, 1515 &ndash June 11 1560) was the Queen Consort of James V of Scotland James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray (c 1531 &ndash January 23, 1570) was Regent of Scotland from 1567 until his Assassination in 1570 James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Matthew Stuart ( September 21, 1516 &ndash September 4, 1571) was the 4th Earl of Lennox, and leader of the Catholic John Erskine 17th Earl of Mar (died 29 October, 1572) Regent of Scotland, was a son of John 5th Lord Erskine (d James Douglas jure uxoris 4th Earl of Morton (c 1525 &ndash June 2, 1581) was the last of the four Regents of Scotland during For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the

Afghan monarchies

Before the 1881 unification, there were essentially four rulers' capitals: Kabul, Herat, Qandahar and Peshawar (the last now in Pakistan); all their rulers belonged to the Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Dorrani with Ahmad Shah Abdali. } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with area3018 sq mi Herāt ( classically called the Aria, is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. For the 2001 film see Kandahar (film; for the Kandahar meteorite of 1959 see Meteorite falls; for the places in Azerbaijan see Cəndəhar and ( پښور; Urdu: پشاور) is the capital of the North-West Frontier Province and the administrative centre for the Federally Administered Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c1723-1773 ( also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, They belong either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan (typically styled padshah, king) or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan (typically with the style Amir, in full Amir al-Mo´menin "Leader of the Faithful"). Popalzai or Popalzay is a tribal name of the Pashtun clan that is part of the larger Durrani (formerly called Abdali) tribe Padishah, Padshah, Padeshah, Badishah or Badshah ( Persian پادشاه Pādeshāh) is a very prestigious The Barakzay Clan is a powerful family in Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر) The Mohammadzay also furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counselors, who served occasionally as (Minister-)regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay.

Brazil

There were several regencies, all during the reign of Emperor Pedro II:

Bulgaria

China

Egypt

Ethiopia

Ras Tafari Mekonenn during the reign of Empress Zewditu from 1922 to ascension to throne in 1931 as Haile Selassie

Finland

After the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the throne of the Grand Duke of Finland was vacant and according to the constitution of 1772, a regent was installed by the Finnish Parliament during the first two years of Finnish independence, before the country was declared a republic. Empress Dowager Cixi 1 ( ( November 29 1835 – November 15 1908) popularly known in China as the The Tongzhi Emperor, born Zaichun ( April 27, 1856 &ndash January 12, 1875) was the ninth emperor of the Manchu The Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝 (14 August 1871&ndash14 November 1908 born Zaitian (載湉 was the tenth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty The 2nd Prince Chun (醇親王 ( February 12, 1883 - February 3, 1951) was born Zaifeng (Chinese 載沣 Wade-Giles: Tsai-feng Puyi ( ( February 7, 1906 &ndash October 17, 1967) of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro ruling family was the last Emperor Hatshepsut (or Hatchepsut, hætˈʃɛpsʊt meaning Foremost of Noble Ladies, was the fifth Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III and meaning Thoth is Born) was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik (محمد علي توفيق ( November 9, 1875 - March 18, 1955) was the Heir presumptive of Farouk I of Egypt ( Arabic: فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal) ‎ (February 11 1920 &ndash March 18 1965 was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad Muhammad Abdel Moneim ( February 20 1899 - December 1 1979) was an Egyptian prince and former heir apparent to the throne of Egypt Fuad II King of Egypt and the Sudan – (الملك فؤاد الثاني – was born prince Ahmad Fuad on 16 January, 1952. Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was Zewditu (also spelled Zawditu or Zauditu; Ge'ez ዘውዲቱ April 29, 1876 - April 2, 1930) was Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was Grand Duke of Finland, or more correctly translated Grand Prince of Finland ( Storfurste av Finland Suomen suuriruhtinas was from around 1580 The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its

France

Greece

German monarchies

Anhalt

Baden

Bavaria

Brunswick

Hanover

Hesse-Kassel

Lippe

Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Prussia

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Saxe-Meiningen

Saxe-Weimar

Waldeck

Hungary

Iceland

Indian princely states

Both before and during the British raj (colonial rule), most of India was ruled by several hundred native princely houses, many of which have known regencies, under the raj subject to British approval

Travancore

Korea

Iraq

In the short-lived Hashemite kingdom, there were three regencies in the reign of the third and last king Faysal II (b. Faisal II, GCVO ( Arabic: الملك فيصل الثاني Fayṣal) ( May 2, 1935 – July 14, 1958) was 1935 - d. 1958; also Head of the 'Arab Union', a federation with the Hashemite sister-kingdom Jordan, from 14 February 1958) :

Italian former principalities

Parma

Savoy

Romania

Russia

Other uses

In the ancient independent miniature republic of San Marino, a landlocked enclave within Central Italy, the two Captains Regent, or Capitani Reggenti, are elected annually as joint heads of state and of government. Biography Born in Peleş Castle, Sinaia, Nicholas was the younger brother of Carol, Heir apparent, who renounced his rights of succession Miron Cristea, ( monastic name of Elie Cristea; July 20, 1868 &mdash March 6, 1939) was an Austro-Hungarian Michael King of the Romanians, Prince of Hohenzollern (born October 25, 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (Maiestatea Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina ( Russian: Наталья Кирилловна Нарышкина September 1, 1651 &ndash February 4, 1694 Sophia Alekseyevna ( Anglicization of Russian Царевна Софья Алексеевна Sofia Alekseyevna) ( September 17 (27 1657 &ndash Ivan V Alekseyevich Romanov ( Russian: Иван V Алексеевич, —) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother Ernst Johann von Biron (Ernests Johans Bīrons Эрнст Иоганн Бирон &ndash) was a Baltic German Duke of Courland and Semigallia Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned Anna Leopoldovna (А́нна Леопо́льдовна (1718 &ndash 18 March, 1746) also known as Anna Karlovna (А́нна Ка́рловна Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. The Captains Regent ( Capitani Reggenti) of San Marino are elected every six months by the small country's Grand and General Council.

Occasionally, the term regent refers to positions lower than the ruler of a country.

See also

Sources and references

  1. ^ The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as "A person appointed to administer a State because the Monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated. For the station on the Docklands Light Railway, see Prince Regent DLR station. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English "

Dictionary

regent

-noun

  1. One who rules because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic