Refining is the process of purification of a substance. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and byproducts. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of ore to metal (for which see Refining (metallurgy)). An ore is a volume of rock containing components or Minerals in a mode of occurrence that renders it valuable for mining The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Refining (as in non-metallurgical uses consists of purifying an impure material in this case a metal
The refining of liquids is often accomplished by distillation or fractionation. Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts or fractions such as in separating Chemical compounds by their Boiling point by heating Gases can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Gases and liquids can also be refined by extraction with a selective solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities. Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution.
Many solids can be refined by growing crystals in a solution of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles. A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating In Chemistry, a solution is a Homogeneous Mixture composed of two or more substances
Chemical reactions are often used to remove impurities of particular types. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called
The use of silicon and other semiconductors in electronics is highly dependent on precise control of impurities, and a number of special techniques have been developed, such as zone refining. Silicon (ˈsɪlɪkən or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ silicium is the Chemical element that has the symbol Si and Atomic number 14 A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Zone melting is a method of separation by melting in which a molten zone traverses a long Ingot of impure metal or chemical
Types of materials that are usually refined:
See also
The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Refining (as in non-metallurgical uses consists of purifying an impure material in this case a metal Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Silicon (ˈsɪlɪkən or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ silicium is the Chemical element that has the symbol Si and Atomic number 14 Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. A refinery is composed of a group of Chemical engineering unit processes and Unit operations used for Refining certain materials or converting Continuous distillation, a form of Distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption fed into the process and separated fractions An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Natural gas processing plants or fractionators are used to purify the raw Natural gas extracted from underground gas fields and brought up to the surface byDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic