Reddish
Reddish shown within Greater Manchester
Area	2. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 73 sq mi (7. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²)
Population	30,055 (2001 Census)
- Density	11,009/sq mi (4,251/km²)
OS grid reference	SJ893935
- London	159 mi (256 km) SE
Metropolitan borough	Stockport
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	STOCKPORT
Postcode district	SK5
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
European Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Denton and Reddish
List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester

Coordinates: 53°26′18″N 2°09′41″W / 53.4383, -2.1613

Reddish is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The SK postcode area, also known as the Stockport postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Alderley Edge, Buxton, Cheadle, Cheadle The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Denton and Reddish is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in Greater Manchester, in North West England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is 2 miles (3. 2 km) north of Stockport and 4. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt 6 miles (7. 4 km) southeast of Manchester. The population is 30,055 in an area of 7. 08 square kilometres (2. 73 mi²). ^[1]

Historically a part of Lancashire, Reddish grew and developed rapidly during the Industrial Revolution and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill, a former textile mill. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Today Reddish is a predominantly residential area, seeing a renewed period of growth and development as residents from nearby affluent areas such as Heaton Moor and Bramhall look to Reddish as a way of affording housing. Heaton Moor is one of the Four Heatons located in Stockport. It borders on Heaton Chapel, Heaton Norris and Heaton Mersey. Bramhall is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England.

Reddish Vale is a country park close to the locality and home to local businesses. Reddish Vale is a loosely defined area in the Tame valley close to Reddish in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, A country park is an area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment

Contents 1 History 1.1 Toponymy 1.2 1066 to late 18th century 1.3 Industrial Revolution 1.4 Brewing, pubs and clubs 2 Governance 2.1 Parliamentary representation 3 Geography 4 Demography 5 Economy 5.1 Affluence 6 Landmarks 7 Transport 7.1 Canal 7.2 Turnpike 7.3 Rail 7.3.1 Reddish South 7.3.2 Reddish North 7.3.3 Reddish Electric Depot 8 Education 9 Community facilities 10 Religion 11 Notable people 12 References 12.1 Bibliography 12.2 Notes 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Reddish

Toponymy

Reddish is recorded as Redich (1205, 1212), Redych, Radich (1226), Radish, Rediche (1262), Redditch (1381), Redwyche, Radishe and Reddishe (1500s). There is evidence of activity around Reddish &ndash a settlement in Greater Manchester, England &ndash before the Norman conquest in the presence of Nico Ditch ^[2][3] The name either means "reedy ditch" (OE hrēod-dīc) or "red ditch" (OE rēad-dīc). Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option. ^[4][5][6] The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch,^[5] an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton. Nico Ditch (occasionally Mickle Ditch or Nikker) is a linear earthwork that runs between Ashton under Lyne and Stretford in Greater Manchester ^[7] Folklore has it that the names Gorton and Reddish arose from a battle between Saxons and Danes. Gorton is a district of the City of Manchester in North West England. ^[3][8][9] John Higson wrote in 1852^[9]

The neigh’ring trench is called the Nicker Ditch
Flowing with blood, it did the name convey
To th’ bordering hamlet, Red-Ditch. Near here, Where
the last ‘tween the foes was fought,
Where victory was won, that memorable
Eminence proudly was distinguished
By the name of Winning Hill. The streamlet
Aforemention’d gains appellation
Of Gore Brook, also the contiguous
Happy hamlet through which it floweth still
Bears, in glorious commemoration,
And e’er shall, the honour’d name of Gore Town.

Farrer and Brownbill dismiss this interpretation as "popular fancy". ^[10]

1066 to late 18th century

Reddish does not appear in the Domesday survey; this is in common with most of the then southeast Lancashire area. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey ^[11] A corn mill is known to have existed at the junction of Denton Brook and the River Tame from about 1400 onwards. ^[12] The two main mediaeval houses were Reddish Hall at grid reference SJ899932 (demolished 1780,^[2] but visible on maps dated 1840) and Hulme Hall at grid reference SJ889926, later known as Broadstone, then Broadstone Hall (demolished 1945^[13]). The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The Reddish family were major landowners in the area from at least 1212 to 1613 when title passed by marriage to the Coke family. It passed down the family to Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester who sold his land in Reddish at the end of the 18th century, and in 1808 it was bought by Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg. Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester ( 6 May 1754 &ndash 30 June 1842) became famous for his advanced methods of Animal husbandry Robert Hyde Greg ( 24 September 1795 - 21 February 1875) was an English Industrialist, economist and Antiquary ^[2] There were Hulmes in Reddish in the 13th century, and the land passed through the family until about 1700 when it was given to a charitable trust. ^[2]

Very few buildings in Reddish pre-date the nineteenth century. Canal Bridge Farm, close to Broadstone Mill, is dated to the mid to late 18th century (the name is later). ^[14] Hartwell dates a small group of farm buildings and cottages at Shores Fold, near the junction of Nelstrop Road and Marbury Road, to the sixteenth and late seventeenth to early eighteenth century. These would have been on the traditional Reddish – Heaton Norris border, but are now firmly inside Heaton Chapel. ^[15]

Industrial Revolution

The Stockport Branch Canal passed through Reddish and opened in 1797. The Stockport Branch Canal was a 5 mile branch of the Ashton Canal from Clayton to Stockport Route The canal left the main line of the ^[16] It seems to have had little effect by 1825, when Corry's description of Reddish, in full, was "The population of Reddish is but thin". ^[17] Booker states that in 1857 Reddish was almost entirely agricultural, being made of meadow and pasture (1320 acres); arable land (90 acres); wood and water (50 acres); and buildings and streets (44 acres). At that time, Reddish contained "neither post-office, schoolmaster, lawyer, doctor, nor pawnshop". ^[18] The population increased over tenfold in the next fifty years with the Industrial Revolution.

The water-powered calico printworks in Reddish Vale on the River Tame is known to have been working before 1800. The River Tame is a River in Greater Manchester, England. Source Rises on Denshaw Moor Industrial development followed the line of the canal^[19] and was steam-powered throughout. A variety of manufacturers moved into Reddish during this period.

Robert Hyde Greg and John Greg, sons of Samuel Greg of Quarry Bank Mill, who owned about a third of Reddish by 1857,^[20] opened Albert Mills for cotton spinning in 1845. Quarry Bank Mill is an historic Factory in Cheshire, England, one of the best preserved of the Industrial Revolution and is now a museum of the Moor Mill, manufacturing knitting machines, was built around the same time. William Houldsworth’s Reddish Mill for cotton spinning was opened in 1864. Hanover Mill was built in 1865 for cotton spinning, but in 1889 was converted to make silk, velvet, woven fur etc.

The Reddish Spinning Company, partly owned by Houldsworth, opened in 1870. Furnival’s steelworks, making printing presses, opened in 1877. Andrew’s Gas Engine works opened in 1878. The Manchester Guardian’s printworks opened in 1899. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Craven Bothers’ engineering works, making cranes, opened in 1900. Broadstone Spinning Company opened a large double mill in 1906/7. These major employers were accompanied by numerous smaller concerns, including dyeworks, bleachworks, wire ropeworks, brickworks, screw manufacturers, makers of surveying equipment, and a tobacco factory. ^[21]

A small number of closures of major industrial employers took place in the first half of the twentieth century, due to the ebb and flow of trade. Andrews Gas Engine Works was taken over in 1905 by Richard Hornsby & Sons of Grantham,^[22][23] the business was transferred to Grantham and the Reddish works closed some time during the great depression following WWI. Richard Hornsby & Sons was an engine and machinery manufacturer in Lincolnshire, England from 1828 until 1918 Grantham is a Market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[23] Cronin indicates that the works were still in operation in 1930. ^[24] The Atlas wire rope works closed in 1927. ^[25]

Reddish took its share of the decline in Lancashire cotton production and finishing. Broadstone Mills ceased production in 1959;^[26] Reddish Mills closed in 1958 with the loss of 350-400 jobs;^[27][28] Spur Mill followed in 1972;^[29] and the long-lived Reddish Vale printworks closed by 1975;^[30] Albert Mill continued to trade as R. Greg and co under new ownership, but finally closed in 1982. ^[31] Ashmore wrote in 1975 that "Stockport has ceased to be a cotton town. "^[32]

The decline of Broadstone Mills was accompanied by high farce. In November 1958 the company sold a number of spinning mules as scrap for just over £3,000. By agreement, the machines remained in the mill over the winter. A small number had been broken and removed by April 1959, when the government announced a compensation package for firms that agreed to scrap spinning capacity. As the title in the mules had passed to the scrapman, it was decided that the company was not entitled to compensation amounting to over £60,000, despite the fact that the machinery was still on its premises. Actions in the High Court and the Court of Appeal in 1965 were fruitless. For the Cameroonian court by this name see High Court of Justice (Cameroon, for the Israeli court of this name see Supreme Court of Israel. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales is the second most senior court in the English legal system, with only the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords above ^[33][34]

Some of the mills vacated by the spinners found other uses. The Reddish Spinning Company's mill was taken over by Friedland who became the world's largest manufacture of doorbells; an extension to the mill won several architectural awards. ^[35] The mill is now residential. Broadstone Mill was partly demolished, but now houses small commercial units. ^[36] Regeneration efforts at Houldsworth Mill were instrumental in Stockport Council winning British Urban Regeneration Association's award for best practice in regeneration. ^[37] £12 million has been spent to convert the mill into mixed use. ^[38] The area around Houldsworth mill is now designated as a conservation area. ^[39][40]

Brewing, pubs and clubs

Reddish has been home to at least three breweries. Richard Clarke & Co brewed in the area for over 100 years, before being taken over, and later closed, by Boddingtons in 1962. Boddingtons is an English Beer, originally from Manchester, United Kingdom that has been brewed for more than 200 years ^[41][42] David Pollard's eponymous brewery opened in the former print works in Reddish Vale in 1975, moving out to Bredbury in 1978; the business went into liquidation in 1982. ^[43] The small 3 Rivers Brewery has been brewing in Reddish since August 2003. ^[44]

The pub stock is not well-regarded: "Never offering the best selection of pubs in the borough, it is now easily the worst area for real ale availability . . . "^[45] is a typical description. It has been suggested that this may be a consequence of Robert Hyde Greg's disapproval of alcohol,^[46] (due to the alcoholism of an uncle of his father, see also Samuel Greg). Robert Hyde Greg ( 24 September 1795 - 21 February 1875) was an English Industrialist, economist and Antiquary Samuel Greg (March 26 1758 - June 4 1834 was a British Entrepreneur and pioneer of the Factory system at Quarry Bank Mill. Of the nine pubs in Reddish,^[43][45] two are currently closed and boarded up.

The pubs are supplemented by several working men's and political clubs. Working men's clubs are a type of private social club founded in the 19th century in industrial areas of Great Britain, particularly the North of England The Houldsworth WMC was awarded a blue plaque by Stockport MBC in December 2006. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event ^[47] Reddish WMC was founded by in 1845 by millowner Robert Hyde Greg as a Mechanics Institute and Library. Its members claim it to be the oldest club registered with the CIU. The Working Men's Club and Institute Union (CIU or C&IU is a Voluntary association of private members' Clubs in Great Britain & Northern Ireland ^[48][49]

Governance

The extents have been well-defined for at least several hundred years. Reddish was a township in the ancient parish of Manchester, but lay outside the Manor of Manchester. Manchester was an ancient parish in the Hundred of Salford in Lancashire, England. This had the effect that boundaries of Reddish were described by the boundaries of the Manor of Manchester, with the exception of that with Cheshire, which was the River Tame. Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. The River Tame is a River in Greater Manchester, England. Source Rises on Denshaw Moor The manor boundaries were surveyed and recorded in 1322, and the relevant part was:^[50]

following the said water [Tame] to the mid [stream] between the county of Chester and Assheton unto the Mereclowe at Redyshe so following Mereclowe unto Saltergate, from thence following the ditch of Redyshe unto Mikeldiche, following that unto Peyfyngate, following that unto Le Turrepittes between Heton Norreyes and Redishe, from thence following Le Merebroke unto the confluence of the waters of Tame and Mersey

"Mere" means boundary in this context. The description was traced into early twentieth century features by Crofton^[51][52] and can be cast as

following the middle of the Tame as far as Denton Brook at Reddish; and so following Denton Brook and a tributary as far as Thornley Lane South; and then following Thornley Lane as far as Nico Ditch; and following Nelstrop Road as far as the turf-pits between Heaton Norris and Reddish (these are lost); and from there following Black Brook as far as near the conjunction of the waters of the Tame and Goyt.

However, Black Brook cannot be le Merebroke as it does not flow to the Tame, but joins Cringle Brook, which flows into the Mersey several miles away via Chorlton Brook. With this exception, Crofton’s interpretation of the 1322 boundaries matches those shown on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1800s. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government

Reddish became an urban district in 1894. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area ^[53] By 1901 the neighbouring County Borough of Stockport had effectively run out of land, and was overflowing into abutting districts. Stockport was a local government district centred on Stockport in the northwest of England from 1835 to 1974 In 1901, after petitioning the Local Government Board, Stockport expanded into several areas including the whole of Reddish, described by Arrowsmith as Stockport's "greatest prize". The President of the Local Government Board was a ministerial post frequently a Cabinet position in the United Kingdom, established in 1871 ^[54][55] Stockport gained Reddish’s tax income and building land, and in return Reddish received several civic amenities. Rates are a type of taxation system in the United Kingdom, and in places with systems deriving from the British one used to fund Local government. A council school opened in 1907,^[56] and a combined fire station, free library, and baths opened in stages during 1908 (Cronin identifies a small building at the rear as a mortuary). ^[57] The council opened new municipal parks at Mid Reddish (on land presented by Houldsworth) and at South Reddish. ^[58] A park at North Reddish followed, described in 1932 as “recently laid out, provid(ing) a number of horticultural features combined with recreation facilities, and illustrat(ing) the layout of a modern recreation park”. ^[59] At that time, the Stockport Canal and the Reddish Iron Works made up two of the park’s boundaries.

The separate civil parish was merged into Stockport parish in 1935. ^[60] Reddish's position north of the Tame means it was historically part of Lancashire. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea ^[53] On the merger with Stockport in 1901 the boundary between Lancashire and Cheshire was moved to place it in Cheshire. ^[61] In 1974 Stockport and several adjacient territories became a unified metropolitan borough in the newly-created metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2

Parliamentary representation

Reddish is located in the parliamentary constituency of Denton and Reddish. Denton and Reddish is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Andrew Gwynne (Labour) has represented the seat since the 2005 General Election, and the seat has been in Labour hands since its creation. Andrew John Gwynne (born 4 June 1974 is the Labour Party Member of Parliament for the Denton and Reddish constituency The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The seat rose briefly to national prominence in April 2006, when Joan Howarth, a Conservative candidate in local elections, suggested that a black or Asian Conservative parliamentary candidate "wouldn't work", because of the "traditional working class" electorate. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. ^[62][63] David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party, disowned the comments, saying that the candidate was in "the wrong party". David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966 is a British Politician and the current leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of Her Majesty's ^[62][63] At the 2005 general election, Gwynne attracted 57. 4% of the votes cast, and the second-placed candidate 19. 3%. ^[64]

North and South Reddish each return three councillors to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council is the Local authority for the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. At May 2007 these were Anne Graham, David Owen, and Peter Scott(Reddish North); Joan Kidd, Walter Brett, and Thomas Grundy(Reddish South). All six belong to the Labour Party. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the

Geography

Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester

Reddish borders Heaton Chapel and Brinnington of Stockport, Denton of Tameside, and Gorton and Levenshulme of the City of Manchester. Reddish Vale is a loosely defined area in the Tame valley close to Reddish in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, Sir William Henry Houldsworth 1st Baronet (born Ardwick, Manchester 20 August 1834, died Kilmarnock 18 April 1917 Heaton Chapel is an area in the northern part of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. Brinnington is a north-eastern suburb of Stockport, Greater Manchester. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport Denton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. Gorton is a district of the City of Manchester in North West England. Levenshulme is an Urban area of the City of Manchester, in North West England.

Reddish is a densely populated area and is close to some of the richest parts of the country (such as Alderley Edge in Cheshire). Alderley Edge is a village and Civil parish in Cheshire, England. Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. However, in common with many urban areas of the United Kingdom Reddish suffers from a certain degree of crime-related activity. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Despite this, Reddish continues to be an attraction to many people in the Greater Manchester area to work, live and relax. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2

Demography

Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester

Population^[65][46][66]

year	population
1774	302
1811	456
1821	574
1831	860
1841	1188
1851	1218
1861	1363
1901	8668
1911	14252

The most recent data is from the United Kingdom Census 2001. The Demography of Greater Manchester is charactered by a number of trends recorded amongst its multicultural agglomoration of 2 A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 The census data below is based on the North Reddish and South Reddish wards. The modern South Reddish ward contains a small area that was traditionally part of Heaton Chapel and Heaton Norris, and some of Reddish has been transferred to Heaton Chapel. Heaton Chapel is an area in the northern part of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. Heaton Norris is now a mainly residential area of Stockport, England bordering on Heaton Chapel, Heaton Mersey and Heaton Moor.

White British is the predominant ethnicity. People from various ethnic groups reside in the United Kingdom. For the North Reddish ward, just under 97% of the population of 16120 were identified as white (including Irish and other white), 1. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world 48% as mixed-race, 0. The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. 73% as black, 0. 6% as Chinese, and 0. 43% as Asian. For the South Reddish ward, just under 96% of the population of 13935 were identified as White, 1. 28% as mixed race, 1. 28% as Asian, 0. 86% as Black, and 0. 84% as Chinese.

The housing stock remains mainly terraced and semi-detached. For the North Reddish ward, the 6914 housing units were divided into 8% detached house, 46% semi-detached, 36% terraced, and 10% flats. For the South Reddish ward, the 6598 housing units were divided into 5% detached house, 29% semi-detached, 44% terraced, and 22% flats. There are no tower blocks in Reddish,^[67] unlike several neighbouring areas. A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building.

Some housing built by factory owners for their employees remains. Greg Street, Birkdale Road, and Broadstone Hall Road South have mid-nineteenth century terraces built by the Gregs for the workers at their (demolished) Victoria and Albert Mills. ^[68] Furnival Street was built in 1886 to house workers at the (demolished) Furnival’s ironworks^[69] The largest collection is that built by Houldsworth near to his Reddish Mill, even though only Liverpool Street and Houldsworth Street remain after clearance in about 1974. ^[70] The houses on Houldsworth Street, directly facing the mill, are grander, and would have been for the higher placed workers. ^[71]

Economy

The shopping area around Houldsworth Square contains about eighty small shops^[72] and has been chosen as one of eight areas to benefit from the Agora Project^[73][74] an EU-funded project to reverse the decline in local shopping areas. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Stockport MBC describes Reddish as one of the eight major district centres in the borough that offer "local history, modern convenient facilities and traditional high street retailing". The other seven are Bramhall, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme, Edgeley, Hazel Grove, Marple, and Romiley. Bramhall is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Cheadle is a small town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England Cheadle Hulme is a suburban area located in the south of Greater Manchester in the North-West of England. Edgeley is a mainly residential area within the town of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. Hazel Grove is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Marple is a large village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Romiley is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. ^[75]

Reddish is home to many tertiary services. Houldsworth square (named after local Victorian era mill-owner, William Houldsworth) has many shops and banks, serving the local population. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Sir William Henry Houldsworth 1st Baronet (born Ardwick, Manchester 20 August 1834, died Kilmarnock 18 April 1917 There are also many well-performing schools such as Reddish Vale Technology College in South Reddish, which in 2006 became the only school in Greater Manchester to be announced by the Government as a 'Trust Pathfinder' school. Reddish Vale Technology College is a school in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It is served by two railway stations Reddish North and Reddish South, the latter being used mainly for freight services, apart from the once-a-week "Parliamentary train" to Stalybridge. Reddish North railway station is the busier of the two stations serving Reddish, in Stockport, England. Reddish South is a station in Reddish, Stockport, England, on the Stockport-Stalybridge Line, famous for having only one train a week in A Parliamentary train is nowadays a British English term for a train that operates a Parliamentary service - that is to say a token service to a given station thus Stalybridge is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England

Affluence

There are several measures of overall wealth and poverty. The Human Poverty Index calculates a value based on longevity, literacy, unemployment, and income. The Human Poverty Index is an indication of the Standard of living in a country developed by the United Nations (UN High values indicate increasing poverty. The parliamentary constituency scores 14. Denton and Reddish is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 4, close to the UK average of 14. 8. This compares well with neighbours Manchester Gorton (20. Manchester Gorton is a parliamentary constituency in the city of Manchester, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the 5) and Stockport (14. Stockport is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 2), but poorly with the other Stockport constituencies of Hazel Grove (10. Hazel Grove is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 9) and Cheadle, placed third best in the UK with a value of 7. Cheadle is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 9. ^[76]

On a narrower level, the estimated household weekly income for the period April 2001 to March 2002 for North & South Reddish wards was £440 and £400 respectively. In comparison with nearby wards, this is higher than Gorton North, Gorton South and Brinnington (at £350, £330, and £340), slightly lower than Denton West (£480), and significantly lower than Heaton Moor and Heaton Mersey (£590). ^[77] The averages for the North-West region and the UK were £489 and £554 respectively (2001–4). ^[78]

Landmarks

Reddish is home to several listed buildings and structures. ^[79] All the Grade I and Grade II* listsings are part of Houldsworth's community.

*Grade I

• St. Elisabeth's church & wall at St. Elisabeth's Church (Grade II*)

• Grade II*

• Houldsworth Mill, Houldsworth Street. Designed by Abraham Henthorn Stott. Opened 1860s, closed as a cotton mill 1958.
• Houldsworth Working Men's Club, Leamington Road. Designed by Abraham Henthorn Stott. Opened 16 May 1874. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• St Elisabeth's C of E Primary School (Houldsworth School), Liverpool Street. Wall at St. Elisabeth's C of E Primary School, Liverpool Street. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse. Consecrated 1883.
• St. Elisabeth's Church Rectory & wall at St. Elisabeth's Church Rectory, Liverpool Street. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse.

• Grade II

• Broadstone Mill House, Broadstone Road
• Clock and drinking fountain, Houldsworth Square
• North Reddish Infant & Junior School, Lewis Road
• Tame Viaduct, Reddish Vale
• 40 Sandy Lane
• Shoresfold Farmhouse and numbers 2 & 4 Marbury Road

Transport

The B6167 is the main road through Reddish. Reddish Vale is a loosely defined area in the Tame valley close to Reddish in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, It allows access to the A57 for Manchester or the M60/M67 junction at the north, and to Stockport and the M60 to the south. The A57 is a major road in England. It runs east from Liverpool to Lincoln, via Warrington and Manchester, then through the The M60 motorway is an orbital Motorway circling Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England. The M67 is a five mile urban motorway in Greater Manchester, England which heads east from the M60 motorway passing through Denton and It was designated a Quality Bus Corridor in 2004^[80] and a number of modifications made. Bus rapid transit ( BRT) is a broad term given to a variety of transportation systems that through improvements to infrastructure vehicles and scheduling attempt to use As of 2006, any improvements have not been quantified. The main bus route runs from Stockport via Reddish and Gorton to Manchester. Less-frequent services run to Ashton via Gorton & Droylsden, Ashton via Denton, Manchester via Didsbury and Rusholme, Hazel Grove, and Wythenshawe. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England Droylsden is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Didsbury (ˈdɪdzbəri is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England Rusholme is a part of Manchester, in North West England, about two miles south of Manchester city centre. Hazel Grove is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Wythenshawe (pop 66000 is a district in the south of the City of Manchester in North West England. ^[81] Trains from Reddish North station run to Manchester Piccadilly and New Mills, with some trains continuing to Sheffield. Manchester Piccadilly station, known locally as just Piccadilly, is the principal railway station of Manchester in England. New Mills Central railway station serves the town of New Mills in Derbyshire, England. Sheffield Station, formerly Pond Street and later Sheffield Midland, is a Railway station and tram stop in central Sheffield, in Yorkshire Reddish South station does not provide a significant service. A few dedicated cycle routes cross the area.

Canal

The Ashton Canal and the Stockport Branch Canal were built to join Manchester and Stockport to the coal mines in Oldham and Ashton-under-Lyne. The Ashton Canal is a Canal built in Greater Manchester in Northern England. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England The branch was dependent on the main for its utility, and hence its planning, passing through parliament, and construction came after that of the main. The main opened in 1796 and the branch in 1796. The branch was just under five miles (8 km) long, and left the Ashton Canal at Clayton, passed through Gorton and Reddish, and terminated just over the boundary in Heaton Norris, adjacent to what was then the main turnpike between Manchester and Stockport. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards The Beat Bank Branch Canal was planned as a sub-branch and was intended to cross Reddish Vale to a colliery at Denton, but the scheme was abandoned by 1798. ^[82][83] By 1827 the canal was bringing coal to Stockport from as far as Norbury and Poynton. Norbury is a locality in Greater Manchester, England. It formed a civil parish in Cheshire from 1866 to 1900 and now forms part of the Hazel Grove area Poynton is a village in the civil parish of Poynton with Worth located in the Borough of Macclesfield, in Cheshire. ^[84]

The canal was purchased by the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway in 1848. ^[83] Traffic declined and the canal was described as derelict as early as 1922. ^[85] Commercial traffic ceased in the 1930s^[83] and the canal was declared officially closed in 1962 and filled in. ^[86]

Turnpike

The road currently designated the B6167 (Sandy Lane, Reddish Road, Gorton Road, and Reddish Lane) was turnpiked by the Manchester, Denton and Stockport Trust following an Act of 1818. ^[83][87]

Rail

The history of the development of rail infrastructure in the UK is complicated, with lines and stations being built by a myriad of railway companies and joint ventures. Routes did not always follow the best path, but were created, altered, or blocked through lobbying of parliament by interested parties intent on protecting their interests and preventing competition. Due to their strategic position between Manchester and London, Stockport and Reddish played their parts. Reddish played host to three railway lines, two railway stations, and a traction depot. To improve readability, the names of the stations and lines are the latest (or last) used.

Reddish South

The West Coast Main Line running between Manchester Piccadilly and London via Crewe was opened in 1840-2 by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway (M&B), crossing the Mersey valley on a large viaduct at Stockport. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. Manchester Piccadilly station, known locally as just Piccadilly, is the principal railway station of Manchester in England. Crewe railway station is one of the most historic Railway stations in the world The Manchester and Birmingham Railway was built between Manchester and Crewe and opened in stages from 1840 See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. In 1849 a line was opened from the north side of the viaduct via Reddish South and Denton stations to join the Woodhead Line (Piccadilly to Sheffield) of the Sheffield, Ashton-Under-Lyne and Manchester Railway (SA&MR) at Guide Bridge. Reddish South is a station in Reddish, Stockport, England, on the Stockport-Stalybridge Line, famous for having only one train a week in Denton railway station is a station in Denton Greater Manchester, on the Stockport - Stalybridge line famous for having one train a week in one direction The Woodhead Line was a railway line linking Sheffield, Penistone and Manchester in the north of England. The Sheffield Ashton-Under-Lyne and Manchester Railway was an early British railway company which opened in stages between 1841 and 1845 between Sheffield and Guide Bridge railway station serves Guide Bridge a part of Audenshaw, Tameside in Greater Manchester, England and is operated by Northern A short branch went to Denton Colliery. The station at Reddish South contained a large goods yard, and trade through the station played an important role, alongside the canal, in the industrialisation of the area. ^[88]

The M&B became part of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) by 1849: the SA&MR became part of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&L) in 1847. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR L&NWR was a Railway company of the United Kingdom which existed between 1846 and 1922 The Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR was formed by amalgamation in 1847 At this stage both companies used Piccadilly as their Manchester terminus. The LNWR held a monoply on the important London route. ^[88]

Reddish North

In 1862 the MS&L built a line from Hyde Junction to near Compstall on the River Goyt. Hyde North railway station lies north of Hyde Greater Manchester, England. Compstall is a small village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England, between Marple Bridge and Romiley The River Goyt is a River in north-west England. It is one of the tributaries of the River Mersey. In 1865 this was extended over the river to New Mills, and later joined the Midland Railway's Derbyshire lines. New Mills Central railway station serves the town of New Mills in Derbyshire, England. The Midland Railway (MR was a Railway company in the United Kingdom, which existed from 1844 to 1922 when it became part of the London Midland and Scottish By 1867 Midland trains were running from London to Piccadilly via this (considerably longer) route, providing competition to the LNWR. In 1875 the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee, a joint venture between the MS&L and the Midland, opened a new more direct route from near Romiley to Piccadilly, and gave Reddish its second station, Reddish North. Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1869 as a joint venture between the Midland Railway and the Manchester Sheffield Reddish North railway station is the busier of the two stations serving Reddish, in Stockport, England. ^[88]

Reddish Electric Depot

The Midland was given notice to leave Piccadilly in the same year that Reddish North opened, and construction of Manchester Central railway station started. Manchester Central railway station is a disused railway station in Manchester City Centre, England. ^[88] The Fallowfield Line was opened in 1892 to allow access from the Woodhead Line to Manchester Central and Trafford Park, and passed through a corner of Reddish. The Fallowfield Loop railway line was a local Railway route in Greater Manchester, England. Trafford Park is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England Stations were built just outside Reddish at Hyde Road and Levenshulme South. Hyde Road was a railway station in Gorton, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Line. Levenshulme South railway station was a railway station located in Levenshulme, Manchester. ^[89] In 1936 the MS&L's successor, the London and North Eastern Railway, planned to electrify the Woodhead Line and the Fallowfield Line, primarily for shipping coal from Yorkshire, but World War II interrupted progress. The Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. After the war, the railways were nationalised as British Rail (BR). See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" The electrification plan was put in place as the Manchester-Sheffield-Wath electric railway, opening in 1954 using a 1500 V DC system. The Manchester-Sheffield-Wath electric railway was an early electrification scheme on British railways A 400 ft (120 m) depot was constructed at Reddish to maintain the Class 76 and 77 locomotives. The British Rail Class 76, also known as Class EM1, is a class of 1 The British Rail Class 77, also known as Class EM2, is a class of 1 However, electrification was not continued beyond the depot to Trafford Park. ^[89][90] Shortly afterwards, BR adopted the 25 kV AC system for electrification, with the effect that the Woodhead Line "passed very quickly from ultra-modern to obsolescent. 25 kV 50 Hz AC is a type of Railway electrification system. "^[91]

Local passenger services stopped using the Fallowfield Line in 1958 (though through trains continued until 1969). ^[89][90] The Beeching Report of 1963 recommended that the Woodhead Line be retained and the Hope Valley line (serving Reddish North Station) closed; in 1966 BR controversially implemented the reverse. The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system ^[91]

The depot was used to house the prestigious Midland Pullman in the early 1960s and continued to service locomotives until it and the Woodhead Line were closed in 1981. The Midland Pullman was the name given to a former express passenger train service operating on British Railways the old Midland Main Line between London St Pancras Despite rumours that the depot would be used to service the Manchester Metrolink, the depot fully closed in 1983, was quickly vandalised, and has been demolished. Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink The Fallowfield line closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up. ^[89][92]

Education

Reddish's only secondary school is Reddish Vale Technology College. Australia See also Education Reddish Vale Technology College is a school in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. Sited on the edge of the green belt, the school has its own farm and is characterised by OFSTED as " a good school". In United Kingdom town planning, the Green belt is a policy for controlling urban growth It teaches about 1400 pupils from the ages of 11 to 16, but does not have a sixth form. The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems Commonwealth West Indian countries such as Barbados, Belize ^{[93][94][95][96]}

As of 2007 Reddish has ten nursery and primary schools, including some church schools (Roman Catholic and Church of England). The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican ^[97][98] It has been proposed to close three of these and build a new school. The site chosen was formerly a clay pit for a brickworks, and later a landfill site. Much of the landfill took place before modern controls, and there is local concern about the suitability of the site. ^{[99][100][101]}

Community facilities

Of the 1907 facilities provided by Stockport, only the library is still open, though under threat of closure. ^[102] The baths closed in 2005; there is a campaign to reopen them,^[103] but it does not have the backing of the council. ^[104] The ground floor of the fire station is used as a community centre. The mortuary closed in the 1980s. ^[13]

Religion

Reddish falls in the Diocese of Manchester for the Church of England, and the Diocese of Salford for the Roman Catholic Church. The Diocese of Manchester is a Diocese of the Church of England in the Province of York. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican

• St Agnes, Gorton Road;^[105][106] (Church of England). 1908, brick, some good glass. ^[107]
• Bethel Christian Centre/Reddish Community Church/Bethel Apostolic Church, Sykes Street; (Apostolic Church).
• Christ Church, Lillian Grove;^[108] (Methodist/United Reformed Church). The Methodist Church of Great Britain or British Methodist Church is the largest Wesleyan / Methodist body in the United Kingdom, with congregations An unrelated American church of similar name is the United Reformed Churches in North America.
• St Elisabeth, Lemington Road;^[109][110] (Anglo-Catholic - Church of England); 1883 Victorian Gothic building by Alfred Waterhouse. The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism (or sometimes possibly incorrectly High Church &mdashsee below describe people The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Alfred Waterhouse (19 July 1830 – 22 August 1905 was an English Architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic revival. Paid for by Houldsworth
• Holy Family, Thornley Lane North;^[111] (Roman Catholic). Sir William Henry Houldsworth 1st Baronet (born Ardwick, Manchester 20 August 1834, died Kilmarnock 18 April 1917
• St Joseph, Gorton Road^[112] (Roman Catholic).
• St Mary, Reddish Road;^[113] (Church of England). Reddish's first church, built 1862-4^[66][114] at a cost of £2500 in the "decorated English style". ^[66] The parish was carved from Heaton Norris, and is still known as Heaton Reddish. Heaton Norris is now a mainly residential area of Stockport, England bordering on Heaton Chapel, Heaton Mersey and Heaton Moor.
• Reddish Christian Fellowship, Broadstone Road;^[115] sited in an end-of-terrace house.
• Stockport Seventh-day Adventist Church, Coronation Street;^[116] (Seventh-day Adventist Church); modern building. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance

Notable people

In 1935 Norman Foster was born in Reddish and went onto study architecture at the University of Manchester. Norman Foster or Norm Foster may refer to Norman Foster Baron Foster of Thames Bank (born 1935 English architect and designer Norman The University of Manchester is a " red brick " civic University located in Manchester, England. Baron Foster is one of the leading architects in the world and is noted for his works in London which include the Millennium Bridge, City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe and the new Wembley Stadium. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or 30 St Mary Axe is a Skyscraper in London 's main financial district the City of London. Wembley Stadium is a Stadium in Wembley, located in the London Borough of Brent in London, England.

References

Bibliography

• Astle, William [1922]. Stockport Advertiser Centenary History of Stockport. Stockport: The Stockport Advertiser. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.  
• Arrowsmith, Peter (1997). Stockport: a History. Stockport: Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 0-905164-99-7.  
• Ashmore, Owen (1975). The Industrial Archaeology of Stockport. Manchester: University of Manchester. ISBN 0-902637-17-7.  
• Booker, John (1857). A history of the ancient chapels of Didsbury and Chorlton. Chetham.  
• Cronin, Jill (2000). Images of England: Reddish. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-1878-5.  
• Downham, W A [1922]. "Chapter XIII", in Astle, William (ed. ): Stockport Advertiser Centenary History of Stockport. Stockport: The Stockport Advertiser.  
• Farrer, William; Brownbill, John [1911] (2003-2006). The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster. - Lancashire. Vol.4. University of London & History of Parliament Trust.  
• Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde, Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10583-5.  

Notes

External links

• Tame Valley Area Committee at Stockport MBC

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