| Brain: Red nucleus | ||
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| Section through the superior colliculus showing the path of the oculomotor nerve. The superior colliculus ( Latin, higher hill) is a paired structure that is part of the Brain 's tectal area. The oculomotor nerve is the third of twelve paired Cranial nerves. | ||
| Latin | nucleus ruber | |
| Gray's | subject #188 802 | |
| NeuroNames | hier-496 | |
| MeSH | Red+Nucleus | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | n_11/12583247 | |
The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This is a list of the subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX Neurology NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque Brain. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" Gross motor coordination addresses the Gross motor skills walking running climbing jumping crawling lifting one's head sitting up etc It comprises a caudal magnocellular and a rostral parvocellular part. Magnocellular parts, also called M cells, are cells in the Brain concerned primarily with Visual perception. The parvocellular ("small-celled" part of a nucleus in the Brain is one containing small-bodied punctate Neurons The term distinguishes it from
Contents |
Function
In animals without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus. The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of Axons that travel between the Cerebral cortex of the Brain and the Spinal
In humans, the red nucleus mainly controls the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm, but it has some control over the lower arm and hand as well. In Human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the Humerus attaches to the Scapula. It is less important in its motor functions for humans than in many other mammals, because, in humans, the corticospinal tract is dominant. However the crawling of babies is controlled by the red nucleus, as is arm-swinging in normal walking. Since the red nucleus has sparse control over hands (as the Rubrospinal tract is more involved in large muscle movement such as that for Arms and Legs), fine control of the fingers is not modified by the functioning of the red nucleus (rather it relies on the corticospinal tract). The hands ( med / lat: manus pl manūs are the two intricate prehensile multi- Fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm of a The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of Axons that travel between the Cerebral cortex of the Brain and the Spinal
Input and output
The red nucleus receives many inputs from the contralateral cerebellum (interpositus nucleus and lateral cerebellar nucleus) and an input from the ipsilateral motor cortex. The cerebellum ( Latin: "little brain" is a region of the Brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception The deep cerebellar nuclei are four in number on either side The four deep cerebellar nuclei are in the center of the cerebellum embedded in the white matter
It sends efferent axons (the rubrospinal projection) to the contralateral half of the rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord. An axon or nerve fiber is a long slender projectionof a nerve cell or Neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's Cell The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the Central nervous system in Vertebrates. The reticular formation is a part of the Brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/ sleeping cycle, and lying down The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected These efferent axons cross just ventral to the nucleus and descend through the midbrain to the spinal cord, where the rubrospinal tract which they make up runs ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract in the lateral funiculus. The rubrospinal tract is a part of the Nervous system. It is a part of the Lateral indirect Extra-pyramidal tract. The lateral corticospinal tract (also called the crossed pyramidal tract or lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus) is the largest part of the corticospinal tract The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line which separates the Antero-lateral region into two parts viz Second bundle of fibers continues ipsilaterally through the medial tegmental field towards inferior olive.
Meaning of name
Its name derives from an iron-containing pigment in many of the cells, which in fresh samples gives it a pink appearance. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26
See also
Additional images
 Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V). Anatomical regions of the brain are listed vertically following hierarchies that are standard in Neuroanatomy. |
 Deep dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view. |
 Transverse section through mid-brain. |
 Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. |
 Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons. |
_section_description_2.JPG/120px-Human_brain_frontal_(coronal)_section_description_2.JPG) Human brain frontal (coronal) section |
External links
Dictionary
red nucleus
-noun
- A collection of cells in the tegmentum involved in movement
- specifically the title nucleus involved in the rubrospinal movement pathway
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