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For other uses, see Rector (disambiguation).

The word rector ("ruler," from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something.

The word "rector" also appears in many modern languages, such as Dutch and Spanish. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname In Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, German, Hungarian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Macedonian, Norwegian, Croatian, Serbian, Swedish, Polish, Indonesian and Tagalog, the homophonous spelling is Rektor; other languages use derived forms, e. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. g. Rettore in Italian, Reitor in Portuguese and Rehtori in Finnish. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside

The term and office of a rector are called rectorate.

Rector is also a surname in English speaking countries.

Contents

Academic rectors

The Rector is the highest academic official of many universities and certain other institutions of higher, sometimes even secondary, education. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects

The title is used widely in universities across Europe, including Albania, the Benelux, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scandinavia, Scotland, Serbia, Spain, Turkey and Ukraine. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. The Benelux is an economic union in Western Europe that includes three neighboring monarchies, '''Be'''lgium, the '''Ne'''therlands, and Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. It is also very common in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela, and also in Philippines and Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. At some universities it is phrased in a loftier manner, as Rector Magnificus or Lord Rector.

A notable exception to this terminology was England, where universities were traditionally headed by a "Chancellor", and this designation followed in the Commonwealth, USA and other countries under Anglo-Saxon influence. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector. Scotland follows suit in this practice, with the ancient universities being headed by a Chancellor, with the Lord Rector as an elected representative of students heading the university court. A University Court is an administrative body of a University in the United Kingdom.

Scotland

Main article: Ancient university governance in Scotland

In Scotland, the position of Rector exists in the four ancient universities (St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh) and at Dundee. The ancient university governance structure in Scotland is the organisational system imposed by the Universities (Scotland Acts, a series of Acts of Parliament The ancient universities of Scotland are medieval and renaissance universities that continue to exist until the present day The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The University of Aberdeen is an Ancient university founded in 1495, in Old Aberdeen, Scotland. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. The University of Dundee ( Gaelic: Oilthigh Dùn Deagh) is the older and arguably much more stuck-up and snobby of the two Universities in the city

The post (officially Lord Rector, but by normal use Rector alone) was made an integral part of these universities by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889. The ancient university governance structure in Scotland is the organisational system imposed by the Universities (Scotland Acts, a series of Acts of Parliament The nominal head of an ancient university in Scotland is its Chancellor and the day-to-day functions of the chief executive is vested in the Vice-Chancellor who also holds the title of Principal. A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector. The Principal is the Chief executive and the chief academic officer of a University or College in certain parts of the Commonwealth The Rector is the third ranked official of university governance and chairs meetings of the University Court, the governing body of the university, and is elected at regular intervals (usually three years to enable every undergraduate completing a degree to vote at least once) by their matriculated student bodies. A University Court is an administrative body of a University in the United Kingdom.

This role is considered by many students to be integral to their ability to shape the universities' agendas and it is one of the main functions of the Rector to represent the interests of the students. To some extent the office has evolved into more of a figurehead role, with a significant number of celebrities elected as Rectors, such as Lorraine Kelly at Dundee, Clarissa Dickson Wright at Aberdeen, and John Cleese and Frank Muir at St. Andrews, and political figures, such as Mordechai Vanunu at Glasgow. Lorraine Kelly (born November 30, 1959 in East Kilbride) is a Scottish Television presenter and Journalist best The Rector of the University of Dundee is a member of the University Court at the University of Dundee in Scotland. Clarissa Theresa Philomena Aileen Mary Josephine Agnes Elsie Trilby Louise Esmerelda Dickson Wright (born 28 June 1947 is an English Celebrity chef who is best The Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen is the students' representative and chairman in the University Court of the University of Aberdeen. John Marwood Cleese (ˈkliːz born 27 October, 1939) is a British Actor, Comedian, Writer, Film producer Frank Herbert Muir (5 February 1920 - 2 January 1998 was an English Comedy writer radio and television personality and raconteur The Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews is chosen every three years by the students of the University of St Andrews. Mordechai Vanunu (מרדכי ואנונו born in Marrakech, Morocco on October 13 1954 is an Israeli former nuclear The position of Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow is elected every three years by the students at the University of Glasgow. In many cases, particularly with high profile Rectors, attendance at the University Court in person is rare, however the Rector nominates another individual (usually a student) to exercise his functions under the title of Rector's Assessor.

Gordon Brown, the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was Rector of the University of Edinburgh while a student there, but since then most universities have amended their procedures to forbid currently matriculated students from standing for election. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom The Lord Rector of the University of Edinburgh is elected every three years by the students and staff at the University of Edinburgh.

The head teacher of a Scottish secondary school is in many cases known as its Rector. Headmaster redirects here For the type of Transformers please see Headmaster (Transformers. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes

England

At Oxford and Cambridge, English universities which are formally headed by chancellors, most colleges are headed by a master or a principal as chief academic. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. At a few colleges, this role is instead played by a president or a warden; and at two of the Oxford colleges - Lincoln College and Exeter College - the head is called a rector. Lincoln College (in full The College of the Blessed Mary and All Saints Lincoln) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford Exeter College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the 4th oldest college of the University

At the University of London there is a Chancellor (a formal post) and a Vice-Chancellor (equivalent to Managing Director). All colleges have a chief academic as head, under various titles. At University College London, the head is the Provost; at King's College London the head is the Principal; at Imperial College London the head is the Rector; and at the London School of Economics the Director is head. University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London King's College London is a British Higher education institution and co-founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Imperial College London (officially The Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine as given in its Royal Charter It is one of only three universities to have reached The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the

At most other universities in England the Chancellor is the formal head whilst the Vice-Chancellor is the chief academic. The Vice-Chancellor of Liverpool Hope University also takes the role of Rector. Liverpool Hope University is a University in Liverpool, England.

Iceland

A rektor is the headmaster or headmistress of Icelandic Universities and of some Gymnasiums. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar

Denmark

A Rektor' is in Denmark the title of the head, of Gymnasiums`; Seminars, Universities, schools for Trade and Construction etc. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar Generally the Head of any education after the Primary School, where the head oftently is referred to as 'Skoleinspektør' (Headmaster; Inspector of the school)

Norway

A rektor is the headmaster of a primary school, secondary school, private school, high school, college or university.

Sweden

Rektor is the title for the highest ranked administrative and educational leader for an academic institution, for example a primary school, secondary school, private school, high school, college or university. The rektor in state-run colleges and universities are appointed by the government. The vice of a rektor at a university is called a prorektor and is appointed by the institution's board.

In the older universities of Uppsala and Lund the rektor is titled rector magnificus, or rectrix magnifica (feminine). Younger universities have in later years started using the latin honorary title in formal situations such as honorary speeches or graduation ceremonies.

The European continent

The head of German universities is called rector magnificus, as in some Belgian universities (notably the oldest and largest, KULeuven). The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (in short KU Leuven) is the Flemish offshoot of the oldest university in the Low Countries which was originally founded In Dutch universities the rector magnificus is the most publicly prominent member of the board, responsible for the scientific agenda of the university. The rector is however not the chairman of the board. The chairman has, in practice, the most influence over the ruling of the University.

In some countries, including Germany, the position of head teacher in a secondary school is also designated as Rector, however, the position of head teacher in a German Gymnasium school is called Studiendirektor or Oberstudiendirektor. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar In the Netherlands (aside from Dutch-speaking Flanders), Rector and Conrector (assistant head) is used commonly for high school director. The same goes for some Maltese secondary schools.

In the Scandinavian countries, the head of universities and gymnasiums (upper secondary schools) is called rektor. In Norway this also applies to primary schools.

In Spain, the head or president of a university is also titled Rector Magnífico, and is usually styled, in official ceremonies, with the denomination of "Most Excellent and Illoustrious Sir or Lord (Señor). " For example, the Rector of the University of Navarra is usually styled under academic protocol as Excelentísimo e Ilustrísimo Señor Profesor Doctor Don Ángel José Gómez-Montoro, Rector Magnífico de la Universidad de Navarra ("The Most Excellent and Most Illustrious Lord Professor Doctor Don Ángel José Gómez-Montoro, Rector Magnificus of the University of Navarra"). The University of Navarra is a private Pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain.

Eastern Europe

Rector is the head of most universities and other higher educational institutions in at least parts of Eastern Europe, such as Russia, Poland and Romania. The rector's deputies are known as prorectors.

The United States

Most U. S. colleges use the titles 'president' for the chief executive of the college and 'chairman of the board of trustees' for the head of the body that legally "owns" the college. The terms "president" and "chancellor" are used for the chief executive of some universities and university systems, depending on the school's own statutes (some state university systems have both presidents of constituent colleges and a chancellor of the overall system, or vice versa). However, there are several notable exceptions: the University of Virginia, Virginia State University (Petersburg, Virginia), Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, Virginia), Washington and Lee University (Lexington, Virginia), the College of William and Mary (Williamsburg, Virginia) and Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, Virginia) use the term "Rector" to designate the head of the Board of Visitors; however, William and Mary also has a "Chancellor" who acts in a ceremonial capacity. The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research For the previously named Virginia State University see Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Petersburg is an Independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington and Lee University is a private liberal arts college in Lexington Virginia, USA Lexington is an Independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The College of William and Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, also known as William & Mary or W&M) is a Public university Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, better known as Virginia Tech, is a public land grant polytechnic University in WELCOME TO WIKIPEDIA **** Please read before you edit or add info about the shootings A board of governors is usually the governing board of a public entity

Several Catholic colleges and universities, particularly those run by religious orders of priests (for instance, the Jesuits) formerly employed the term "rector" to refer to the school's chief officer. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order In many cases, he was also the head of the community of priests assigned to the school, and so the two posts -- head of the university and local superior of the priests -- were merged in his person (See Ecclesiastical rectors below). This practice is no longer followed as the details of the governance of most of these schools have changed.

Canada

Like most Commonwealth and "Anglo-Saxon"-influenced countries, the term "rector" is uncommon.

However, in Quebec's Universities, both francophone (e. g. , Université de Montréal) and anglophone (e. g. , Concordia University), employ the term ("recteur" in French) to designate the head of the institution. Concordia University is a comprehensive Public university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. As well, the historically French-Catholic, and currently bilingual University, Saint Paul University in Ottawa Ontario uses the term to denote its head. Saint Paul University ( French: Université Saint-Paul) is a Catholic Pontifical university federated with the University of Ottawa Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality.

Queen's University (Kingston, Ontario) is the only anglophone post-secondary institution outside Quebec to use the term "rector". Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational non-sectarian Public university located in Kingston, Ontario Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk However, the term applies to a member of the student body elected to work as an equal beside the Chancellor and Principal. Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen The Principal is the Chief executive and the chief academic officer of a University or College in certain parts of the Commonwealth Queen's currently has Leora Jackson as its 31st Rector.

India

The heads of certain Indian Boarding schools are called Rectors. A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers The Head or Principal of Catholic Schools in India are also called Rectors.

Italy

In Italy the rector is the head of the university and Legale Rappresentante of the university he or she is elected by an electoral body composed of all Professori ordinari and Associati the two highest ranks of the Italian university teacher and a representatives of Ricercatori (a lowest rank of teachers) and workers of the university. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The term of the rettore usually is long 4 or 5 years following the statuto ( constitution of the university ). The rettore is also named Magnifico Rettore

Philippines

The term Rector or Rector Magnificus is used to refer to the highest official in prominent Catholic universities and colleges such as the University of Santo Tomas and San Beda College. Not to be confused with University of St Thomas. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of the Philippines San Beda College (SBC (Spanish for Saint Bede) (or Dalubhasaan ng San Beda in Filipino is a private Benedictine College run The rector typically sits as chairman of the university board of trustees. He exercises policy-making as well as general academic, managerial, and religious functions over all university academic and non-academic staff.

In the University of Santo Tomas, the highest individual academic award conferred on a graduating college student is the Rector's Award for Academic Excellence. Not to be confused with University of St Thomas. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of the Philippines

Rev. Fr. Anscar J. Chupungco, OSB, a world-renowned liturgist and theologian, served as the twentieth rector-president of San Beda College. San Beda College (SBC (Spanish for Saint Bede) (or Dalubhasaan ng San Beda in Filipino is a private Benedictine College run Prior to this, he was former rector-magnificus of the Pontifical Liturgical Institute and the Pontifical Ateneo d' San't Anselmo both in Rome.

See also

Ecclesiastical rectors

In ancient times bishops as rulers of cities and provinces, especially in the Papal States, were called rectors; also administrators of the patrimony of the Church (e. A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector. Scotland has a long history of universal provision of Public education, and the Scottish education system is distinctly different from other parts of the United The Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen is the students' representative and chairman in the University Court of the University of Aberdeen. The Rector of the University of Dundee is a member of the University Court at the University of Dundee in Scotland. The position of Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow is elected every three years by the students at the University of Glasgow. The Lord Rector of the University of Edinburgh is elected every three years by the students and staff at the University of Edinburgh. The Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews is chosen every three years by the students of the University of St Andrews. Not to be confused with University of St Thomas. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of the Philippines The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa g. rector Siciliæ). Rector is used by Pope Gregory the Great in the "Regula Pastoralis" as equivalent to pastor.

Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church, a rector is a person who holds the office of presiding over an ecclesiastical institution. This institution might be a particular building—like a church or shrine—or it could also be an organization, such as a parish, a mission or quasi-parish, a seminary or house of studies, a university, a hospital, or a community of clerics or religious. A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects

The Canon law of the Catholic Church explicitly mentions as special cases three offices of rectors: rectors of seminaries (c. Canon Law, the Ecclesiastical law of the Catholic Church, is a fully developed legal system with all the necessary elements courts lawyers judges a fully articulated 239 & c. 833 #6); rectors of churches that do not belong to a parish, a chapter of canons, or a religious order (c. 556–553); and rectors of Catholic universities (c. 443 §3 #3 & c. 833 #7). However, these are not the only officials that function as a rector.

Since the term rector refers to the function of the particular office, a number of officials are not called rector but nevertheless are rectors. The diocesan bishop, for instance, is himself a rector, since he presides over both an ecclesiastical organization (the diocese) and an ecclesiastical building (his cathedral). In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral In many dioceses, the bishop delegates the day-to-day operation of the cathedral to a priest, who is often called a rector but whose specific title is plebanus or "people's pastor", especially if the cathedral is also a parish. As further example, the pastor of a parish (parochus in Latin) is rector over both his parish and the parish church. Finally, a president of a Catholic university is rector over the university and, if a priest, often the rector of any church that the university may operate (c. 557 §3).

In some religious congregations of priests, rector is the title of the local superior of a house or community of the order (for instance, a community of several dozen Jesuit priests might include the pastor and priests assigned to a parish church next door, the faculty of a Jesuit high school across the street, and the priests in an administrative office down the block, but the community as a local installation of Jesuit priests is headed by a rector).

Rector general is the title given to the superior general of certain religious orders, e. A Superior General, or General Superior, is the Superior at the head of a whole religious order or congregation g. the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God, Pallottines. The Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca are a Roman Catholic congregation of priests The Pallottines are a Religious congregation within the Roman Catholic Church, founded in 1835 as SAC, societas apostolatus catholici

There are some other uses of this title, for instance for residence hall directors at the University of Notre Dame which were once (and to some extent still are) run in a seminary-like fashion. The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame) (ˌnoʊtɚˈdeɪm is a private Roman Catholic Research university located in This title is used similarly at the University of Portland, another institution of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The University of Portland (UP is a private Roman Catholic university located in Portland Oregon. The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce (C

The pope has been called rector of the world, in the (now discontinued) conferring of the papal tiara as part of his formal installation after election. The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the ' Triregnum', and in Italian as the ' Triregno', is the three-tiered

A now obsolete use of the term occurred in the United States prior to the formulation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Canon Law grants a type of tenure to pastors (parochus) of parishes, giving them certain rights against arbitrary removal by the bishop of their diocese. In order to preserve their flexibility and authority in assigning priests to parishes, bishops in the United States until that time did not actually appoint priests as pastors, but as "permanent rectors" of their parishes: the "permanent" gave the priest a degree of confidence in the security in his assignment, but the "rector" rather than "pastor" preserved the bishop's absolute authority to reassign clergy. Hence, many older parishes list among their early leaders priests with the postnominal letters "P. R. " (as in, a plaque listing all of the pastors of a parish, with "Rev. John Smith, P. R. "). This practice was discontinued and today priests are normally assigned as pastors of parishes, and bishops in practice (though there are still questions about the canonical legality of this) reassign them at will.

Protestant Churches

In may protestant congregational churches such as Baptist, Christian Church, Disciples of Christ,United Church of Christ, Evangelical Free Churches, etc, a Rector is a person elected to lead the congregation with pastoral duties affixed to their administrative job. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States,

Anglican churches

In the Anglican Churches, a rector is one type of parish priest. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities For historical reasons, some parish priests in the Church of England are called by this term while others are called vicars. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican In the broadest sense a vicar (from the Latin Vicarius) is a representative anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior Roughly speaking, the distinction was that the rector directly received the tithes of his parish, while a vicar was paid instead a salary (sometimes by the diocese). A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Quite commonly, parishes that had a rector as priest also had glebe lands attached to the parish. In the Roman Catholic and Anglican church traditions a glebe was an area of land belonging to a Benefice. The rector was then responsible for the repair of the chancel of his church - the part dedicated to the sacred offices, while the rest of the building was the responsibility of the parish. "Chancel" is an architectural term for the space around the Altar at the Liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building This rectorial responsibility persists, in perpetuity, with the occupiers of the original rectorial land where it has been sold. This is called chancel repair liability, and affects institutional, corporate and private owners of land once owned by around 5,200 churches in England and Wales. Chancel repair liability is a liability on some property owners England and Wales to fund repairs to the Chancel of their local Church [1] (See also Church of England#Organisation. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican )

The term has been re-used to designate the priest in charge of a team ministry (See also curate. From the Latin curatus (compare Curator) a curate is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'' ''of souls'' of a )

In the Church of Ireland, Scottish Episcopal Church and Anglican Church of Canada, most parish priests are called rectors, not vicars. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it The Anglican Church of Canada is the sole Canadian representative of the Anglican Communion. However, in the some dioceses of the Anglican Church of Canada rectors are officially licensed as incumbents to express the diocesan polity of employment of clergy. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Anglican Church of Canada is the sole Canadian representative of the Anglican Communion. In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, "rector" is usually used for the priest in charge of a self-sustaining parish while the priest who heads a mission—a congregation supported by the diocese—is generally called a vicar. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which

In schools affiliated with the Anglican church the title "rector" is sometimes used at secondary schools and boarding schools, where the headmaster is often a priest. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs

Rectorates in politics and administration

Compound titles

To a rector who has resigned is often given the title rector emeritus. Rijeka (other Croatian dialects Rika and Reka, Reka Italian and Hungarian: Fiume, Sankt Veit am Pflaumb is A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority Styria (Steiermark is a state or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Lower Austria (Niederösterreich is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the One who supplies the place usually occupied by a rector is styled pro-rector (in parishes, administrator).

Deputies of rectors in institutions are known as vice-rectors (in parishes, as curates, assistant - or associate rectors, etc. ). In some universities the title vice-rector has, like vice-chancellor in many Anglo-Saxon cases, been used for the de facto head when the essentially honorary title of rector is reserved for a high externa dignitary- until 1920, there was such a vice-recteur at the Parisian Sorbonne as the French Minister of Education was its nominal Recteur

Sources and references

The Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, commonly called the "Pauly-Wissowa", is a German Encyclopedia of

Dictionary

rector

-noun

  1. In the Anglican Church, a cleric in charge of a parish and who owns the tithes of it.
  2. In the Roman Catholic Church, a cleric with managerial as well as spiritual responsibility for a church or other institution.
  3. A headmaster in various educational institutions, e.g. a university.

Rector

-proper noun

  1. An English surname; derived from the German surname Richter.
  2. A town in Arkansas
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