Recidivism (IPA: /ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪzm̩/. This concise chart shows the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA to represent English language pronunciations From recidive + ism, from Latin recidīvus "recurring", from re- "back" + cadō "I fall") is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The term is most frequently used in conjunction with substance abuse and criminal behavior. Substance abuse is the overindulgence in and dependence of a Drug or other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical and mental health In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment For example, scientific literature may refer to the recidivism of sexual offenders, meaning the frequency with which they are detected or apprehended committing additional sexual crimes after being released from prison for similar crimes. (If to be counted as recidivism the re-offending requires voluntary disclosure or arrest and conviction, the real recidivism rate may differ substantially from reported rates. ) As another example, alcoholic recidivism might refer to the proportion of people who, after successful treatment, report having, or are determined to have, returned to the abuse of alcohol. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon
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Recidivism rates
As reported on BBC Radio 4 on 2 September 2005, the recidivism rates for released prisoners in the United States of America is 60% compared with 50% in the United Kingdom but cross-country statistical comparisons are often questionable. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The report attributed the lower recidivism rate in the UK to a focus on rehabilitation and education of prisoners compared with the US focus on punishment, deterrence and keeping potentially dangerous individuals away from society. This article refers to deterrent theories of punishment For other uses see Deterrence (disambiguation.
Some observers now view the treatment of recidivism, especially for criminal offenders who are at risk of re-incarceration, as being a mental health issue rather than a "crime" issue for which choice theory based programs may be highly effective. Mental health is a term used to describe either a level of cognitive or Emotional wellbeing or an absence of a Mental disorder. This article is about choice theory in psychology For choice theory in economics see Rational choice theory.
The United States Department of Justice tracked the rearrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration of former inmates for 3 years after their release from prisons in 15 States in 1994. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department [1] Key findings include:
- Released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70. 2%), burglars (74. 0%), larcenists (74. 6%), motor vehicle thieves (78. 8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77. 4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70. 2%).
- Within 3 years, 2. 5% of released rapists were arrested for another rape, and 1. 2% of those who had served time for homicide were arrested for homicide.
- The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had accumulated 4. 1 million arrest charges before their most recent imprisonment and another 744,000 charges within 3 years of release.
An accused's history of convictions are called antecedents, known colloquially as "previous" in the UK and "priors" in the United States and Australia. Antecedents are the life history and previous convictions of a Defendant in a Criminal case
Certain organizations are currently working towards lowering recidivism rates through the re-integration of ex-detainees into society by helping them obtain work, teaching them various societal skills, and by providing all-around support. One such organization that is currently based in New York City is Exodus Transitional Community. The Exodus Transitional Community, wwwetcnyorg is a non-profit organization that provides support services to men and women who are in
Positive recidivism
Since the word effectively means 'continued rebellion against authority', the ethics and morals of recidivism are dependent on who defines 'undesirable behavior'. Positive examples of recidivism would include several notable individuals of the French Resistance, who continued exhibiting behavior not desired by the de facto rulers of France at the time, and many activists in the American civil rights movement. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German See also Protests of 1968 Historically the civil rights movement was a concentrated period of time around the world of approximately twenty years (1960-1980 in
Michael Maltz wrote an extensive monograph (2 MB) on the subject of recidivism in the US in 1994. Michael D Maltz (1938 is an American Electrical engineer, Criminologists and Emeritus Professor at University of Illinois at Chicago
Contemporary slang
In the late 1970s a cricket team from the West Midlands, headed by Nigel David (Ned) Barker, shortened recidivist to form "Div" following a misfield from a player on their team. "Div" has become a popularly used derogatory term to mean a stupid or ignorant person. It is now widely used across the UK by many youths as a preferred, more friendly type of insult.
External links
Dictionary
recidivism
-noun
- Committing new offenses after being punished for a crime.
- (psychology, psychiatry) Chronic repetition of criminal or other antisocial behavior.
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