This article is about the legal concept, for a rebuttal used in informal logic, see counterargument. In Reasoning and argument mapping, a counterargument, also known as a rebuttal, is an objection to an objection.

In law, rebuttal is a form of evidence that is presented to contradict or nullify other evidence that has been presented by an adverse party. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The Law of evidence governs the use of Testimony (eg oral or written statements such as an Affidavit) and exhibits (e By analogy the same term is used in politics and public affairs to refer to the informal process by which statements, designed to refute or negate specific arguments put forward by opponents, are deployed in the media. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy.

In law, special rules apply to rebuttal. Rebuttal evidence or rebuttal witnesses must be confined solely to the subject matter of the evidence rebutted. A witness is someone who has firsthand knowledge about a Crime or dramatic event through their Senses (e New evidence on other subjects may not be brought in rebuttal. However, rebuttal is one of the few vehicles whereby a party may introduce surprise evidence or witnesses. How it works is this: Both sides of a controversy are obliged to declare in advance of trial what witnesses they plan to call, and what each witness is expected to testify to. When either a plaintiff (or prosecutor) or defendant brings direct evidence or testimony which was not anticipated, the other side may be granted a specific opportunity to rebut it. A plaintiff ( Π in Legal shorthand) also known as a claimant or complainant, is the party who initiates a Lawsuit The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law A defendant or defender ( Δ in Legal shorthand) is any party who is required to answer the Complaint of a Plaintiff "Testify" redirects here For other uses see Testify (disambiguation and Testimony (disambiguation. In rebuttal, the rebutting party may generally bring witnesses and evidence which were never declared before, so long as they serve to rebut the prior evidence.

Also, in a persuasive essay, as many students have to write, that is also a recap of what they have stated earlier in the essay.

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