| Rawtenstall | |
  Rawtenstall shown within Lancashire |
|
| Population | 22,000 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| District | Rossendale |
| Shire county | Lancashire |
| Region | North West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ROSSENDALE |
| Postcode district | BB4 |
| Dialling code | 01706 |
| Police | Lancashire |
| Fire | Lancashire |
| Ambulance | North West |
| European Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Rossendale and Darwen |
| List of places: UK • England • Lancashire | |
Rawtenstall (pronounced "Rottenstall", IPA: [ˈrɒtənˌstɔːl] or IPA: [ˈrɒʔnˌstɔːl]) is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Rossendale is a local government district with Borough status Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Blackburn postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Accrington, Barnoldswick, Blackburn, Burnley The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Lancashire Constabulary is the Home Office police force responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Lancashire in the North West England The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Shire county of Lancashire The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of places within the ceremonial county boundaries of Lancashire, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Rossendale Valley is part of the Forest of Rossendale, an upland area of North West England, principally in Lancashire. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is the seat for the Borough of Rossendale, in which it is located. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice Rossendale is a local government district with Borough status
Contents |
History
The name Rawtenstall has been given two possible interpretations. The older is a combination of the Middle English routen (‘to roar or bellow’), from the Old Norse rauta and the Old English stall ‘pool in a river’ (Ekwall 1922, 92). Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age The second, more recent one, relates to Rawtenstall’s identification as a cattle farm in 1324 and combines the Old English ruh ‘rough’ and tun-stall ‘the site of a farm’ (Mills 1991, 269), or possibly, ‘buildings occupied when cattle were pastured on high ground’ (Mills 1976, 125).
The earliest settlement at Rawtenstall was probably in the early medieval period, during the time when it formed part of the Forest of Rossendale in the Honour of Clitheroe, and consisted of simple dwellings for forest servants and animals. The Rossendale Valley is part of the Forest of Rossendale, an upland area of North West England, principally in Lancashire. In medieval England, an honour could consist of a great lordship comprised of dozens or hundreds of manors Holders of honours (and the kings to whom they reverted Clitheroe is a town and Civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. More substantial buildings may have followed in the 15th and 16th centuries with corn and flour mills.
The town entered a major period of growth during the Industrial Revolution, as new mills were constructed to process cotton. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp The climate and weather were conducive to the industry, as was the town's nearby location to the rapidly developing industrial and mercantile centre at Manchester, dubbed 'Cottonopolis'. Cottonopolis is a name given to the city of Manchester, in England. Only a few of these mills survive today, though none are operational any more. During this period, David Whitehead and his brother became important entrepreneurs in the town. They built a number of mills, including one of the earliest mills in the valley, at Lower Mill, and the still existing Ilex Mill. They also built substantial houses for themselves at Holly Mount, as well as large numbers of terraced houses for their workers. The population of Rawtenstall quadrupled in the first half of the 19th century and would double again in the second half. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Other industries active in this period included quarrying and small scale coalmining, as well as an expanding commercial sector. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining.
Rawtenstall was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1891. Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to As with many small mid-Lancashire towns, it saw a population decline in the 20th century, going from 30,000 inhabitants in the 1911 census to 21,500 in the 1971 census. Under the Local Government Act 1972, the town became part of the Rossendale district with other settlements. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Rossendale is a local government district with Borough status With the decline of the traditional manufacturing industries, shoemaking became one of the last survivors. The firm of H. W. Tricketts, in nearby Waterfoot, had been a major producer and exporter of footwear across the British Empire, but eventually the last shoemaking firms closed as production moved overseas. Waterfoot, Rossendale, is a village between Rawtenstall and Bacup where the B6238 from Burnley meets the A681 The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.
Governance
Rawtenstall is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency, after the constituency of Rossendale was abolished in 1983. Rossendale was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. The constituency sends one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The current MP is Janet Anderson, of the Labour Party. Janet Anderson (born 6 December, 1949) is a British Labour Party politician The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the As of August, 2007, Lancashire County Council is controlled by Labour, but the local council, Rossendale Borough Council, is controlled by the Conservative Party. Lancashire County Council is the upper-tier Local authority for the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Rossendale Borough Council is a local authority district council in the Lancashire area of north west England. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom.
Geography
Its neighbouring communities in the valley are Bacup, Haslingden and Ramsbottom. Bacup is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Haslingden is a small town in the Rossendale Valley in Lancashire, lying 19 miles (30 km north of Manchester. Ramsbottom is a small town on the border of Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. The area is bounded to the north by Loveclough and Whitewell Bottom, to the east by Waterfoot and Cowpe and to the south by Townsend Fold and Horncliffe. Waterfoot, Rossendale, is a village between Rawtenstall and Bacup where the B6238 from Burnley meets the A681 The River Irwell passes through the town on the first part of its route between Bacup and Manchester. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester Bacup is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Over recent years the area has become increasingly popular with visitors, attracted by historic buildings, dramatic landscapes and fine walking country. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling
Transport
The town is served locally by Rossendale Transport, with a large bus station close to the centre, as well as frequent express services to Burnley, Nelson and Manchester run by Transdev Burnley & Pendle. Rossendale Transport (RT is a Bus operator running within the Borough of Rossendale (including the towns of Rawtenstall, Bacup and bus station is a structure where city or intercity Buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers Burnley is a large Market town in the borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a population of around 73500 Nelson is a town in the borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England with a population of 28998 in 2001 Transdev Burnley & Pendle is a Bus operator running within the boroughs of Burnley and Pendle, and into the surrounding areas including Accrington Rawtenstall railway station also serves the town, but since the closure of the main line to Manchester, it now operates mainly as a tourist route, as part of the East Lancashire Railway, of which Rawtenstall station forms the northern terminus. Rawtenstall railway station serves the town of Rawtenstall in Lancashire, UK, and is the northern terminus of the East Lancashire Railway This article is about the present East Lancashire Railway for the previous incarnation see East Lancashire Railway 1844-1859 Overview The M66 motorway from Manchester is linked to Rawtenstall via the A56 bypass, allowing for a driving time between Manchester and Rawtenstall of around half an hour. The M66 is a Motorway in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. The A56 is a road in England which extends between the city of Chester in Cheshire and the village of Broughton in North Yorkshire
Education
The town has a number of primary and secondary (high) schools, including Alder Grange Community and Technology School. Alder Grange Community and Technology School is an award winning school in the east Lancashire town of Rawtenstall, England. Though located in Waterfoot, rather than Rawtenstall, the independent Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School takes part of its name from the town. Waterfoot, Rossendale, is a village between Rawtenstall and Bacup where the B6238 from Burnley meets the A681 Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School (BRGS is a selective Co-educational Foundation school in Waterfoot Rossendale, Lancashire
Rawtenstall also has a public library, built in 1906 with Carnegie funding. A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such For other uses see Carnegie Library (disambiguation, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Free Library and Carnegie Public Library [1]
Culture and community
The Rossendale Valley's local newspaper, the Rossendale Free Press is based here. The Rossendale Valley is part of the Forest of Rossendale, an upland area of North West England, principally in Lancashire. The Rossendale Free Press is a weekly Newspaper published in Rossendale, Lancashire England and distributed in Rossendale's four main towns Rawtenstall also has one of the largest indoor markets in Rossendale (a sign declaring it to be "probably the friendliest market in the world") and is home to the North of England's largest dry ski-slope. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line A ski is a long flat device worn on the feet designed to help the wearer slide smoothly over snow Ski Rossendale is located five minutes outside of Rawtenstall town centre in the Oakenhead area, directly above Whitaker Park and Rossendale Museum. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the
It is also home to the traditional herbalist and temperance bar Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health, who claim to be the oldest brewers of sarsaparilla and dandelion and burdock in the country. An herbalist is A person whose life is dedicated to the economic or medicinal uses of plants A temperance bar is one of a number of bars, primarily in Lancashire, England during the 19th century that did not serve Alcoholic beverages A temperance bar is one of a number of bars, primarily in Lancashire, England during the 19th century that did not serve Alcoholic beverages For the drink see Root beer. Sarsaparilla (IPA /ˌsæspəˈɹɪlə/ ( Smilax regelii and other closely related species of Dandelion and burdock is a traditional British Soft drink. Traditionally it is made from fermented Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) and Fitzpatrick's gained television acclaim in April 2005 when managers Gareth "G" Hawden and Chris Law won The Famous Sarsaparilla taste-off on ITV. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent
Rawtenstall Cricket Club, who compete in the Lancashire League, have their home ground, Worswick Memorial Ground within the town. Honours 1st XI League Winners - 7 - 1894 1904 1922 1926 1976 1981 1982 Worsley Cup Winners - 4 - 1976 1985 The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local Cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns mainly but not exclusively of East Lancashire Honours 1st XI League Winners - 7 - 1894 1904 1922 1926 1976 1981 1982 Worsley Cup Winners - 4 - 1976 1985
Police facilities in Rawtenstall are one of five sites used for the training of new recruits to the Lancashire Constabulary. Lancashire Constabulary is the Home Office police force responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Lancashire in the North West England Rawtenstall is also the location of the area's county and magistrates' courts. England and Wales The County Court is the Workhorse of the civil justice system in England and Wales. A magistrates' court or court of petty sessions, formerly known as a police court, is the lowest level of court in England and Wales and
Whitaker Park is located on the outskirts of the town centre, and consists of the former house of the mill owner George Hardman, set in extensive landscaped grounds. Donated to the township in the early 20th century for the purposes of civic recreation, the house now contains the Rossendale Museum, whilst the gardens and surrounding land are laid out as a public park. The museum contains exhibits of local history, or displays of the house as it was originally. Part of it is used to house an extensive exhibition of taxidermy, whilst other areas are used to display art. Taxidermy ( Greek for "skin arrangement" is the art of mounting or reproducing Animals for display (e The park itself has tennis courts, a bowling green, basketball court, a playground and an aviary, as well as formal gardens and fountains. A tennis court is where the game of Tennis is played It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the center In English garden history, a bowling green is a finely-laid close-mown and rolled stretch of flat Lawn for playing the game of Bowls, a fashion in Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors An aviary is a large enclosure for confining Birds. Unlike cages ' aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly hence aviaries are also
Other
Rawtenstall was featured in the television programme Who Do You Think You Are? which was aired on BBC2 at 9PM on 2nd February 2006. Who Do You Think You Are? is a British Genealogy documentary series that has aired on the BBC since 2004 Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The subject, actress Jane Horrocks, was born in Rawtenstall in 1964. Jane Horrocks (born 18 January 1964) is an English actress, Musician, and singer Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.
The Irwell Sculpture Trail also runs through the town, where four of the sculptures are located; the Whispering Wall, the Gateway, the Willow Tree and the Bocholt Tree. The Irwell Sculpture Trail is the largest Public art scheme in England, commissioning regional national and international artists The last celebrates Rossendale's twinning links with the town of Bocholt, Germany. Bocholt is a municipality in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken.
Notable people
- Further information: Category:People from Rawtenstall
- Elizabeth Bainbridge - opera singer
- Ernest Tomlinson - composer
- Jane Horrocks - actress
- Jennie McAlpine - actress
- Lee Cartwright - footballer
- Winston Place - England Test match cricketer
The historian and antiquarian George Ormerod lived in Rawtenstall for a brief period in 1808. Elizabeth Bainbridge (born on 28 March, 1930) is a retired Opera singer from West Sussex, England. Ernest Tomlinson (born September 19 1924) is an English composer particularly noted for his Light music compositions Jane Horrocks (born 18 January 1964) is an English actress, Musician, and singer Jennie McAlpine (born 1984 in Rawtenstall, Lancashire) is an English actress who is best known for roles in the two veteran ITV Soap Operas Lee Cartwright (b 19 September 1972) is a footballer playing for Hyde United in the Conference North who made his mark as a Midfielder Winston Place (born December 7, 1914, Rawtenstall, Lancashire, died January 25, 2002, Burnley, Lancashire Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it An antiquarian or antiquary is one concerned with Antiquities or things of the past George Ormerod ( 20 October 1785 &ndash 9 October 1873) was an English antiquary and Historian.
References
- ^ Welcome to the Library and Information Service web site - History of Rawtenstall. Lancashire County Council. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
External links
- Rossendale Free Press
- Rossendale Borough Council
- Ski Rossendale
- Rossendale Rugby Union Club
- Rossendale United FC official site
- Rossendale Transport
- Transdev Burnley & Pendle
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