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For other uses, see Rapunzel (disambiguation).
Illustration by Johnny Gruelle
Illustration by Johnny Gruelle

"Rapunzel" is a German fairy tale in the collection assembled by the Brothers Grimm, and first published in 1812 as part of Children's and Household Tales. Johnny Gruelle ( December 24, 1880 - January 8, 1938) was an artist political cartoonist and writer of children's books A fairy tale or fairy story is a fictional Story that may feature folkloric characters (such as fairies, enchantments]] often involving The Brothers Grimm ( German: Die Gebrüder Grimm) Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen is a collection of German origin Fairy tales first published in 1812 by Jacob [1] It is one of the best known fairy tales, and its plot has been used and parodied by many cartoonists and comedians, its best known line ("Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair") having entered popular culture.

Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book. For the former National Basketball Association player see Andrew Lang (basketball. Andrew Lang's Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's "Coloured" Fairy Books constitute a twelve-book series of Fairy tale collections [2] Another version of the tale also appears in A Book of Witches by Ruth Manning-Sanders. A Book of Witches is a 1966 anthology of 12 Fairy tales from Europe that have been collected and retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders. Ruth Manning-Sanders (born 1888 in Swansea, Wales; died October 12, 1988, in Penzance, England) was a Welsh

Contents

Synopsis

A childless couple who wanted a child lived next to a walled garden which belonged to an enchantress. The wife, at long last pregnant, noticed some rapunzel (or, in some versions [1] of the story, radishes or lamb's lettuce), planted in the garden and longed for it to the point of death. The radish ( Raphanus sativus) is an edible Root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre- Corn salad ( Valerianella locusta) is a small Dicot Annual plant of the family Valerianaceae. Pica is a medical disorder characterized by an Appetite for largely non-nutritive substances (e For two nights, the husband went out and broke into the witch's garden to gather some for her, but on the third night, as he was scaling the wall to return home, the enchantress (Dame Gothel) appeared and accused him of thievery. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given He begged for mercy, and the old woman agreed to give him some, on condition that the child his wife was pregnant with be surrendered to her at birth. Desperate, the man agreed; a girl was born; the enchantress appeared, and the child was taken away. She named her Rapunzel. When Rapunzel reached her twelfth year, the enchantress shut her away into a tower in the middle of the woods, with neither stairs nor door, and only one room and one window. When the witch went to visit Rapunzel, she stood beneath the tower and called out:

Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair, so that I may climb the golden stair
Rapunzel in the castle park in Ludwigsburg
Rapunzel in the castle park in Ludwigsburg

Upon hearing these words, Rapunzel would wrap her long, fair hair around a hook that sat beside the window, and drop it down to the enchantress, who would then climb up the hair to Rapunzel. Blond (also spelled blonde, see below) or fair-haired is a Hair color characterized by low levels of the dark Pigment eumelanin

One day a prince rode through the forest and heard Rapunzel singing from the tower. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Entranced by her ethereal voice, he went to look for the girl and found the tower, but no door leading in, and no stairway leading up. He then returned often, listening to her beautiful singing, and one day saw the enchantress visit, thus learning how to gain access to Rapunzel. When the witch was gone he bade Rapunzel let her hair down, and he climbed up, made her acquaintance, and finally asked her to marry him. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Rapunzel agreed.

Together they planned a way to get her out of the tower: he would come each night (thus avoiding the enchantress who visited her by day), and bring her silk, which Rapunzel would gradually weave into a ladder. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps. There are two types rigid ladders that can be leaned against a vertical surface such as a Wall, and Before the plan came to fruition however, Rapunzel foolishly gave the prince away. In the first edition of Grimm's Fairy Tales, Rapunzel innocently asks why her dress was getting tight around her belly, alerting the witch. Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen is a collection of German origin Fairy tales first published in 1812 by Jacob Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female In subsequent editions, she asked the witch one day (in a moment of forgetfulness) why it was easier for her to draw him up instead of her. [3] In anger, Dame Gothel cut short Rapunzel's braided hair and cast her out into the wilderness to fend for herself.

When the prince called that night, the enchantress let the braids down to haul him up. To his horror he found himself staring at the witch instead of Rapunzel, who was nowhere to be found. When she told him in anger that he would never see Rapunzel again, he leapt from the tower in despair and was blinded by the thorns below. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors

For months he wandered through the wastelands of the country. During this time, Rapunzel gave birth to the prince's twin children, a boy and a girl. Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or Twins are Offspring resulting from the same Pregnancy, either of the same or opposite Sex. One day, while Rapunzel sang as she fetched water, the prince heard Rapunzel's voice again, and they were reunited. When they fell into each other's arms, her tears immediately restored his sight. The prince led her and their children to his kingdom, where they lived happily ever after.

Commentary

The witch is called "Mother Gothel", a common term for a godmother in German. [4] She features as the overprotective parent, and interpretations often differ on how negatively she is to be regarded. [5]

Folkloric beliefs often regarded it as quite dangerous to deny a pregnant woman any food she craved. Family members would often go to great lengths to secure such cravings. [6] Such desires for lettuce and like vegetables may indicate a need on her part for vitamins. [7]

The uneven bargain with which it opens is quite common in fairy tales having little else in common with this one: in Jack and the Beanstalk, Jack trades a cow for beans, and in Beauty and the Beast, Beauty comes to the Beast in return for a rose. Jack and the Beanstalk is an English Fairy tale, closely associated with the tale of Jack the Giant Killer. Beauty and the Beast ( French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional Fairy tale (type 425C -- search for a lost husband -- in the Aarne-Thompson [8]

Origins

An influence on Grimm's Rapunzel was Petrosinella or Parsley, written by Giambattista Basile in his collection of fairy tales in 1634, Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories), or "Pentamerone". Petrosinella or Parsley is an Italian literary Fairy tale, written by Giambattista Basile in his collection of fairy tales in 1634 Lo cunto de li Giambattista Basile (1566 or 1575 – February 23, 1632) was an Italian Poet, Courtier, and Fairy tale collector This tells a similar tale of a pregnant woman desiring some parsley from the garden of an ogress, getting caught, and having to promise the ogress her baby. The encounters between the prince and the maiden in the tower are described in quite bawdy language. [9]

About half a century later, in France, a similar story was published by Mademoiselle de la Force, called "Persinette". Charlotte-Rose de Caumont La Force or Mademoiselle de La Force (1654 - 1724 was a French novelist and poet As Rapunzel did in the first edition of the Brothers Grimm, Persinette becomes pregnant because of the prince's visits. [10]

Variants

Italo Calvino included in his Italian Folktales a similar tale of a princess imprisoned in a tower, "The Canary Prince", though the imprisonment was caused by her stepmother's jealousy. Italo Calvino ( October 15, 1923 &ndash September 19, 1985) (ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno was an Italian journalist and writer of short Italian Folktales ( Fiabe Italiane) is a collection of 200 Italian Folktales published in 1956 by Italo Calvino. The Canary Prince is an Italian Fairy tale, the 18th tale in Italian Folktales by Italo Calvino.

A German tale Puddocky also opens with a girl falling into the hands of a witch because of stolen food, but the person who craves it is the girl herself, and the person who steals it her mother. " Puddocky " is a German Fairy tale. A variant " Cherry," was collected by the Brothers Grimm, and in French, Another Italian tale, Prunella, has the girl steal the food and be captured by a witch. Prunella is an Italian Fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it The Grey Fairy Book.

Snow-White-Fire-Red, another Italian tale of this type, and Anthousa, Xanthousa, Chrisomalousa tell the story from the hero's point of view; he and the heroine escape the ogress, but have to deal with a curse after. Snow-White-Fire-Red is an Italian Fairy tale collected by Thomas Frederick Crane in Italian Popular Tales. Anthousa Xanthousa Chrisomalousa or Anthousa the Fair with Golden Hair is a Greek Fairy tale collected by Georgios A

What is "Rapunzel"?

Campanula rapunculus, one candidate
Campanula rapunculus, one candidate

It is difficult to be certain which plant species the Brothers Grimm meant by the word Rapunzel, but the following, listed in their own dictionary,[2] are candidates. For the main belt asteroid see 1077 Campanula. The Hydrozoan genus Campanula is usually included in Campanularia today

  1. Valerianella locusta, common names: Corn salad, mache, lamb's lettuce, field salad. Corn salad ( Valerianella locusta) is a small Dicot Annual plant of the family Valerianaceae. Rapunzel is called Feldsalat in Germany, Nuesslisalat in Switzerland and Vogerlsalat in Austria. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich In cultivated form it has a low growing rosette of succulent green rounded leaves when young, when they are picked whole, washed of grit and eaten with oil and vinegar. When it bolts to seed it shows clusters of small white flowers. Etty's seed catalogue states Corn Salad (Verte de Cambrai) was in use by 1810.
  2. Campanula rapunculus is known as Rapunzel-Glockenblume in German, and as Rampion in Etty's seed catalogue, and although classified under a different family, Campanulaceae, has a similar rosette when young, although with pointed leaves. For the main belt asteroid see 1077 Campanula. The Hydrozoan genus Campanula is usually included in Campanularia today The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family) of the order Asterales, contains about 70 genera and 2000 Species Some English translations of Rapunzel used the word Rampion. Phyteuma is a genus of about 40-45 species of Flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and western Asia. Etty's catalogue states that it was noted in 1633, an esteemed root in salads, and to be sown in April or May. Herb catalogue Sand Mountain Herbs describes the root as extremely tasty, and the rosette leaves as edible, and that its blue bell-flowers appear in June or July. In general terms eating (formally ingestion) is the process of consuming Food to provide for the Nutritional needs of an Animal, particularly "
  3. Phyteuma spicata (picture), known as Ährige Teufelskralle in German. Phyteuma is a genus of about 40-45 species of Flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and western Asia.

Adaptations

See also

References

  1. ^ Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household Tales (English translation by Margaretmm Hunt), 1884, "Rapunzel"
  2. ^ Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book, "Rapunzel"
  3. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p18, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  4. ^ Maria Tatar, p 112, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
  5. ^ Maria Tatar, p 106, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
  6. ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 474, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
  7. ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Annotated Rapunzel"
  8. ^ Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 58 ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  9. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p45, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  10. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p45, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  11. ^ J. R. R. Tolkien (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed. refers to a movement among Japanese musicians, that is characterized by the use of eccentric sometimes flamboyant looks Rūdāba or Roodabeh (in Persian رودابه is a Persian mythological female figure in Ferdowsi 's epic Shahnameh. Rapunzel Syndrome (also known as Trichobezoar) is an extremely rare intestinal condition in humans resulting from the consumption of hair Christopher Reuel Tolkien (born 21 November 1924 is the youngest son of the Author J , The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. The Silmarillion is a collection of J R R Tolkien 's mythopoeic works edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational Publisher in the United States. 172, ISBN 0-395-25730-1 

External links

Alison Lurie (born September 3, 1926) is an American novelist and academic The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semimonthly Magazine on Literature, Culture, and current

Dictionary

Rapunzel

-proper noun

  1. A German fairy tale.
  2. The main character of that story.
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