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For other persons of the same name, see Ralph Reed. Ralph Reed may refer to Ralph E Reed Jr, American political strategist Ralph Edwin Reed American baseball player better known as Ted Reed

Ralph Eugene Reed, Jr. , (born June 24, 1961) is a conservative American political activist, best known as the first executive director of the Christian Coalition during the early 1990s. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other organizations with a similar name see Christian Coalition. He sought the Republican nomination for the office of Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, but lost the primary election on July 18, 2006 to State Senator Casey Cagle. The Lieutenant Governor of Georgia is a constitutional officer of the state elected to a 4-year term by popular vote Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Lowell S "Casey" Cagle (born January 12, 1966 in Gainesville Georgia) is an American politician a member of the Republican Reed is also a part of, and implicated in, the ongoing Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, Reed and his wife, the former JoAnne Young, were married in 1987 and have four children.

Contents

High school and college education

Born in Portsmouth, Virginia, to Navy ophthalmologist Ralph Reed and his wife Marcy, Reed moved often as a child, spending most of his childhood in Miami, Florida. Portsmouth is an Independent city located in the US Commonwealth of Virginia. Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain He moved with his family to Toccoa, Georgia, in 1976, graduating from Stephens County High School in 1979. Toccoa is a city in Stephens County, Georgia, United States located approximately 50 miles from Athens and approximately 90 miles northeast He attended the University of Georgia where he earned a BA in history in 1985. The University of Georgia ( UGA) is a public research University located in Athens, Georgia, the oldest and largest of the Reed was a member of the Demosthenian Literary Society, the Jasper Dorsey Intercollegiate Debate Society, and College Republicans. The Demosthenian Literary Society is a debating society at The University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. Debate ( American English) or debating ( British English) is a formal method of interactive and position representational Argument. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States He was also a columnist for The Red & Black student newspaper. The Red & Black is an independent daily Student newspaper of the University of Georgia. Later, Reed attended Emory University where he received his Ph.D in American History in 1989. Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation.

Plagiarism incident

On April 14, 1983, Reed wrote a column for The Red & Black student newspaper attacking the late Mohandas K. Gandhi. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Entitled "Gandhi: Ninny of the 20th Century," it denounced the motion picture Gandhi for its favorable treatment of the life of the pacifist leader of the Indian independence movement. Gandhi ( 1982) is a Biographical film about Mohandas ("Mahatma" Gandhi, who was a leader of the Nonviolent resistance movement The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant A graduate student complained to the editor of The Red & Black that Reed had plagiarized a Commentary article by film reviewer Richard Grenier. Plagiarism is the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work Commentary is an American monthly Magazine covering Politics, International affairs, Judaism, and social cultural Richard Grenier ( 1933 - January 29, 2002) was a Neoconservative cultural columnist for The Washington Times, and a Film After an investigation, Reed was fired from the paper. Reed wrote a final column acknowledging his failure to cite sources but accusing the graduate student who complained of "the most shocking, profane form of personal attack I can imagine. " (Nina J. Easton, Gang of Five: Leaders at the Center of the Conservative Crusade, page 130-31)

Early days as political activist

Reed spent much of his college career as a political activist, taking six years to earn his undergraduate degree. He started with the University of Georgia College Republicans, steadily rising to state and then national leadership. The University of Georgia ( UGA) is a public research University located in Athens, Georgia, the oldest and largest of the The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States He was later profiled in Gang of Five by Nina Easton, along with Grover Norquist and other young activists who got their start in that era. Nina Jane Easton (born 1958 is an American journalist She serves as the Washington Bureau Chief for Fortune Magazine as well as a commentator on the Fox News Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is president of anti- Tax Lobbying group Americans for Tax Reform.

The triumvirate

In 1981, Reed moved to Washington, D.C., to intern for Jack Abramoff, the newly elected Chairman of the College Republican National Committee (CRNC) and later the central figure in the Indian gaming and Congressional bribery scandal that would cause problems for Reed's campaign for Lieutenant Governor. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Jack Abramoff (born February 28 1959 is a former Lobbyist, and a businessman who was a central figure in a series of high-profile political scandals. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff,

At the CRNC, Abramoff, Norquist and Reed formed what was known as the "Abramoff-Norquist-Reed triumvirate. The term triumvirate (from Latin, "of three men" is commonly used to describe a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals " Upon Abramoff's election, the trio purged "dissidents" and re-wrote the CRNC's bylaws to consolidate their control over the organization. Abramoff promoted Reed in 1983, appointing him to succeed Norquist as Executive Director of the CRNC.

Reed roomed with Abramoff in Washington, D. C. , and later introduced Abramoff to the woman who would become his wife. Reed participated in the weddings of both Abramoff and Norquist. Norquist would later serve as President of Americans for Tax Reform, an anti-tax nonprofit lobbying firm in Washington, D. Americans for Tax Reform is an Interest group seeking to reduce the overall level of Taxation in the United States, at the federal state and local level A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a Tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax or to some of that institution’s policies A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups C.

Election-rigging allegations

In the spring of 1983, Reed was accused of rigging the election of ally Sam Harben as his successor as president of the College Republicans at the University of Georgia. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States The University of Georgia ( UGA) is a public research University located in Athens, Georgia, the oldest and largest of the Promising a keg party, Reed recruited a number of new "members" to vote in the election, submitting their membership paperwork on the last night before the deadline for the election. A party is a Social gathering for Celebration and Recreation. The defeated presidential candidate, Lee Culpepper, wrote to the College Republican National Committee calling the election a sham. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States The CRNC investigated the matter, reprimanded Reed and ordered a new election. However, in the meantime, Culpepper "led an angry exodus" out of the UGA College Republicans and into a newly formed Young Republicans of Clarke County club. The oldest Young Republican club in the country is the New York Young Republican Club in New York City. Clarke County is a County in the US state of Georgia. As of the 2000 Census, the Population was 101489 Harben admitted later, "We ran a dirty election. " [1]

Religious experience

Reed has said that, in September 1983, he had a religious experience while at Bullfeathers, an upscale pub in Capitol Hill that was popular with staffers (and, to a lesser extent, members) of the House of Representatives. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Bullfeathers of Capitol Hill is a Restaurant and bar on 401 First Street SE in Washington D A gastropub (or "gastro pub" is a British term for a Public house which specializes in high-quality food a step above the more basic " pub grub Capitol Hill, aside from being a Metonym for the United States Congress, is the largest historic residential Neighborhood in Washington D The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Regarding the experience, Reed said "the Holy Spirit simply demanded me to come to Jesus". In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) He walked outside the pub to a phone booth, thumbed through the yellow pages under "Churches," and found the Evangel Assembly of God in Camp Springs, Maryland. A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, (or telephone box in the British Isles) is a small structure furnished with a Payphone and designed The term Yellow Pages refers to a Telephone directory of Businesses categorized according to the product or service provided The World Assemblies of God Fellowship, or Assemblies of God for short is the world's largest Pentecostal denomination with over 283413 churches and outstations Camp Springs is a Census-designated place (CDP in Prince George's County Maryland, United States. He visited the next morning and became a born-again Christian. [2]

Students for America

After receiving his B. A. in History in 1984, he moved that same year to Raleigh, North Carolina to help start Students for America, a conservative activist group supported by U. Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA Students for America was a political action committee founded by Ralph Reed in 1984. S. Senator Jesse Helms. Jesse Alexander Helms Jr (October 18 1921 – July 4 2008 was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman Reed emerged as a leader of SFA.

SFA became largely dominated by members of Maranatha Campus Ministries, and this brought Reed into contact with Ed Buckham and Jim Backlin, the current Legislative Director of the Christian Coalition. Edwin A Buckham is a former congressional staffer and lobbyist who presently is under investigation in various scandals surrounding high-profile lobbyist Jack Abramoff This forged Ralph Reed's links to Tom DeLay through Buckham and Backlin. Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas.

Students for America established chapters on college campuses up and down the East Coast and held conferences. Among other issues, SFA supported Helms' bid for re-election and organized abortion clinic protests. An abortion clinic is a medical facility that performs or specializes in Abortions Such Clinics may be public medical centers or private medical practices After Ralph Reed left SFA for a bigger job at the Christian Coalition, SFA faded out of existence by the early 1990s.

Arrest

In March 1985, as part of a nation-wide movement spearheaded by Operation Rescue, Reed organized members of Students for America and College Republicans to picket the Fleming Center (an abortion clinic) in Raleigh, and the nearby home of its founder, a Dutch-born doctor. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) For the national organization formerly known as Operation Rescue see Operation Rescue/Operation Save America. Students for America was a political action committee founded by Ralph Reed in 1984. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States Clinic staff reported that protestors "screamed epithets and intimidated patients with mock baby funerals. " Reed was arrested after bursting into the waiting room of the clinic. He signed an agreement promising to stay away from the clinic and was not prosecuted. (Nina J. Easton, Gang of Five, page 205)

Role in the Christian Coalition

Reed was then hired by religious broadcaster and unsuccessful Presidential candidate Pat Robertson as the first executive director of the Christian Coalition, headquartered in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22 1930 is a controversial Televangelist from the United States. For other organizations with a similar name see Christian Coalition. Virginia Beach (pronounced /vɚˌdʒɪnjəˈbiːtʃ/ is an Independent city located in the South Hampton Roads area and one of the largest cities in Even though the Christian Coalition resulted from Robertson's campaign for President, Reed had played no role in Americans for Robertson.

Reed lead the organization from 1989 to 1997, achieving national prominence which included an appearance on the cover of TIME. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and He resigned and moved to Georgia after federal prosecutors began investigating allegations by the Christian Coalition's chief financial officer, Judy Liebert. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule At this point, the group's finances were collapsing, and the IRS and Federal Election Commission was investigating it. The The Federal Election Commission (or FEC) is an independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the

Building on the remnants of Robertson's Presidential campaign, the Coalition organized former Robertson supporters and other conservative "people of faith" to oppose political liberalism. This article is about John Rawls's book 'Political Liberalism Eschewing the confrontational tactics of street protest learned as a College Republican, Reed projected a "softer" public face for Christian conservatism. Reed repeatedly described himself as a "guerrilla fighter" who "traveled at night" and put "enemies" in "body bags" before they even realized he had struck. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc A body bag is a non-porous bag designed to contain a Human body, used for the storage and transport of corpses Body bags can also be used for the storage of corpses [3]

Both Reed and the Christian Coalition rose to national prominence in the early 1990s, protesting against the Clinton administration's policies. The United States Presidency of Bill Clinton, also known as the Clinton Administration, was the executive branch of the Federal Reed and the Coalition were widely credited with helping mobilize Christian conservatives in support of Republican candidates in the 1994 Congressional elections. The US House election 1994 was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8 1994, in the middle of President

The influence of the Coalition had waned by the 1996 Presidential election, when Reed helped Senator Bob Dole win the Republican nomination for President. The United States presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time Dole lost the general election to President Bill Clinton. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Reed's "Contract with the American Family," an imitation of Speaker Newt Gingrich's 1994 Contract with America, failed to ignite activists. Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker The Contract with America was a document released by the United States Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign

At the pinnacle of his power, Reed appeared on the cover of TIME on May 15, 1995, under the banner "The Right Hand of God: Ralph Reed of the Christian Coalition. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 "

In 1996, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) brought an enforcement [4] alleging that the Christian Coalition "violated federal campaign finance laws during congressional elections in 1990, 1992 and 1994, and the presidential election in 1992. The Federal Election Commission (or FEC) is an independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the Campaign finance refers to the means by which money is raised for election campaigns. " Reed called the action "baseless. " In part because of the allegations, the Internal Revenue Service denied tax exempt status for the Coalition. The

Judy Liebert allegations

In 1996, the Christian Coalition's chief financial officer, Judy Liebert, "went to federal prosecutors with her suspicions of overbilling by Ben Hart, a direct-mail vendor with close ties to Ralph Reed, then the coalition's executive director. Direct marketing is a sub-discipline and type of Marketing. There are two main definitional characteristics which distinguish it from other types of marketing " (Norfolk Virginian Pilot, September 26, 1997)

Liebert alleged that Hart, "a close friend with whom Reed regularly golfed and vacationed," was "regularly marking up the Coalition's bills. " "Liebert also charged that Reed had turned over, free of charge, the Coalition's entire mailing list to Hart's firm. " The Coalition subsequently offered Liebert a severance package that included a "letter of recommendation, a year's salary of $80,000, and another $25,000 to cover legal expenses, provided that she agree not to publicly disparage the Coalition. [5]

Reed himself resigned in April 1997 while the investigation was pending. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Reed denied that his resignation was related to the "Judy Liebert thing. " He was never charged with any crimes. In December 1997, after Reed's resignation, the Christian Coalition sued Hart's firm, Hart Conover, for using its mailing list to entice donors away to other organizations. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Coalition blamed its own subsequent decline on Hart's misuse of the list. In March 1998, the Coalition and Hart reached an out-of-court settlement. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) For other uses of settlement including legal uses see Settlement. [5]

New start in Georgia

On resigning as executive director of the Christian Coalition, Reed moved to the Atlanta, Georgia suburb of Duluth to begin a career as a political consultant and lobbyist. Duluth is a city in Gwinnett County Georgia, and a suburb of Atlanta located in the Metro Atlanta area

Skandalakis campaign leader

In late 1997, Reed joined the campaign of Fulton County Commission Chairman Mitch Skandalakis for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, becoming its General Consultant. Mitch Skandalakis was a Georgia politician who achieved brief national attention when he upset Martin Luther King III in a 1993 special election for Chairman of the Fulton County The Lieutenant Governor of Georgia is a constitutional officer of the state elected to a 4-year term by popular vote In addition to plotting campaign strategy, Reed himself appeared in advertisements, identifying himself as the former head of the Christian Coalition and vouching for Skandalakis' conservative credentials and personal integrity.

Skandalakis was a moderate Republican who had openly courted gay voters in earlier campaigns. In Politics and Religion, a moderate is an individual who holds an intermediate position between two viewpoints neither to be extreme or radical by those applying In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. He was opposed in the Republican primary by the staunchly conservative State Senator Clint Day, a devout Christian whose parents had founded the Days Inn motel chain. A primary election ( nominating primary) also referred to simply as a primary, is an election in which voters in a Jurisdiction select candidates Clint Day, one of the heirs to the Days Inn fortune served in the Georgia State Senate from 1993 to 1997 before mounting unsuccessful campaigns for the U Days Inns is a Hotel chain headquartered in the United States.

In the primary, Skandalakis placed first among the five Republican candidates, but did not receive a majority of the vote and was forced into a run-off with second place finisher Day. The other three candidates endorsed Day, but Reed orchestrated a series of negative attacks on Day that included charges that Day had "desecrated Indian graves" on a plot of land owned by a Day family foundation. He even staged a news conference at which tribal leaders, wearing headdress and other ceremonial clothing, attacked Day as a "vandal" and "grave robber. Grave robbing, grave robbery or tomb raiding is the act of uncovering a Tomb or Crypt to Steal the artifacts (as Illicit " Day chose not to respond in kind.

Reed's strategy initially met with success, as Skandalakis narrowly defeated Day in the Republican primary run-off. However, Skandalakis went on to lose the general election in a landslide and was widely blamed for the defeat that year of heavily favored Republican candidates for Governor and Attorney General. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Skandalakis ran television advertisements calling the black Mayor of Atlanta a "buffoon" and promising to "kick Atlanta's ass," helping to stir an anti-Republican backlash among black and urban white voters. Another Skandalakis advertisement accused the Democratic candidate, Senator Mark Taylor, of drug abuse. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. This page is about the politician For more people named Mark Taylor see Mark Taylor. Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a Psychoactive drug or Performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect Taylor sued for libel, and Skandalakis paid a $50,000 settlement after the election.

Skandalakis subsequently pleaded guilty to a felony charge of lying to federal investigators in a public corruption investigation and was sentenced to a six month prison term. In Common law legal systems a felony is a serious Crime, often contrasted with a Misdemeanor. Reed distanced himself from Skandalakis after the campaign, saying that he had not been responsible for the television advertising and that all his activities had been "legal. "

Century Strategies founder

While running the Skandalakis campaign in 1997, Reed founded Century Strategies, a political consulting firm which describes itself as "one of the nation’s leading public affairs and public relations firms. Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred " It appears to have initially been engaged primarily in campaign consulting for Republican candidates, but after performing poorly in the 1998 elections, its mission evolved into advocacy and lobbying.

Its clients have included now-bankrupt energy trader Enron, software giant Microsoft, educational programmer Channel One News, the Puerto Rican statehood movement, business interests advocating normal trade relations with the People's Republic of China, the eLottery Internet gambling firm, and at least two Indian gaming tribes introduced to Reed by Abramoff. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation, former NYSE ticker symbol ENE was an American Energy company based in Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer This article is about the US in-school Television news program Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Century Strategies was most recently hired by the cable industry to fight newly proposed federal decency standards.

Reed's initial foray into campaign consulting met with failure; Virtually all of his general election candidates were defeated. In addition to his involvement in the Skandalakis campaign, Reed helped Alabama Governor Fob James win renomination in a bitterly contested Republican primary, only to become the first Republican in over a decade to lose the Alabama governor's election. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. Forrest Hood "Fob" James Jr (born September 15, 1934 in Lanett Alabama) is an American Republican Politician Reed's two challenger clients for Congress, Gex Williams of Kentucky and Cary Hofmeister of Indiana, were also defeated. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Reed was accused of running "some of the most vicious and racist campaigns of the election season. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that " Reed blamed the failed impeachment attempt against Clinton for Republican setbacks. Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official (Nina J. Easton, Gang of Five, pages 398, 400)

Immediately after the 1998 election, Reed shifted gears to corporate work, writing an e-mail to Abramoff asking for help "humping" corporate clients. Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving

In 1999, Abramoff helped Reed get hired [6] as a consultant subcontractor for Preston Gates & Ellis, a large law firm founded by the father of Microsoft's Bill Gates. See also Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis Preston Gates & Ellis LLP, also known as Preston Gates, was a Law firm with offices in If you would like to experiment with Wikipedia please copy

Reed's $30,000 per month contract with Enron was arranged in 1999 by Karl Rove, principal campaign advisor to Texas Governor and future President George W. Bush. Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) was Deputy Chief of Staff to President George W Governors of Texas George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Rove did not want Reed to work against Bush, but he also did not want Reed to be publicly associated with Bush in the early stages of the campaign. The existence of Reed's contract was revealed in 2002, when a federal investigation was launched into Enron's bankruptcy.

Reed is credited with orchestrating attacks on Senator John McCain in the 2000 South Carolina presidential primary, together with Roberta Combs, then head of the South Carolina Christian Coalition, who later took over the national Christian Coalition. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Bush's defeat of McCain in that primary came at a key moment and ended McCain's early momentum from an upset victory in the New Hampshire primary. An upset occurs in a Competition, frequently in electoral Politics or Sports, when the party popularly expected to win (the favourite New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.

Reed's $20,000 per month contract with Microsoft[7] proved a minor embarrassment to the Bush campaign in the summer of 2000 when it was revealed that the software giant, which was being prosecuted for antitrust violations, had hired a number of Bush aides as consultants and lobbyists. Reed apologized for the "appearance of conflict" but continued to accept the money until early 2005, when Microsoft terminated Reed in the midst of the Indian gaming scandal.

The greatest controversy about Reed's business dealings has come from his fellow conservatives, who have criticized Reed's choice of clients and suggested that he has inappropriately profited from his credentials as a conservative Christian leader. A conservative Alabama group called Obligation, Inc. is a fierce critic of Reed's client Channel One News, arguing that the company pumps classrooms full of "commercials for junk food and sleazy movies. This article is about the US in-school Television news program "

Century Strategies received over $4. 2 million via Abramoff for work in Texas and Alabama opposing the opening of new Indian casinos. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The work was commissioned and paid for by tribes with competing casinos, represented by Abramoff. Reed later claimed he did not know that the funds came from gambling proceeds.

Reed's company was also paid by another Abramoff client, eLottery, to oppose the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, although Reed subsequently denied knowledge of this. The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling [8]

Yet another controversy revolves around activity in August 1999, when Reed's firm "sent out a mailer to Alabama conservative Christians asking them to call then-Rep. August 1999 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month Bob Riley (R-Ala. Robert Renfroe "Bob" Riley (born October 3 1944 is an American Politician in the Republican Party. ) and tell him to vote against legislation that would have made the U. S. commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands subject to federal wage and worker safety laws. The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI is a commonwealth in Political union with the United " This proved controversial as the United States Department of the Interior reported that workers were exploited, including being "subject to forced abortions and . Jack Abramoff (born February 28 1959 is a former Lobbyist, and a businessman who was a central figure in a series of high-profile political scandals. The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally . . forced prostitution. It also alleged that the garment industry and other businesses set up facilities on the Northern Marianas to produce products labeled 'Made in the USA,' while importing workers from China and other Asian countries and paying them less than U. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National S. minimum wage under conditions not subject to federal safety standards. "[9] Abramoff represented the commonwealth as a partner of Greenberg Traurig and received $4. Greenberg Traurig LLP is an international Law firm with approximately 1800 Attorneys and governmental professionals in 30 locations in the United States 04 million from 1998 to 2002. Greenberg Traurig, in turn, hired Reed's firm to print the mailing.

Georgia Republican Party chairman

In 2001, Reed mounted a campaign for State Chairman of the Georgia Republican Party, a volunteer job. This article is on the Political party of the US state of Georgia. His candidacy attracted national media attention, two opponents and an independent "Anybody But Ralph" campaign.

Reed's principal opponent was David Shafer, a former executive director of the Georgia Republican Party recruited to the race by Congressman John Linder. David J Shafer (born 1965 is a Georgia Politician. He currently serves in the State Senate, representing portions of Fulton County and John Elmer Linder (born September 9 1942) American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Shafer campaigned on Republican gains made when he served as state executive director in the early 1990s, but was hampered by his subsequent association with the failed campaigns of Mack Mattingly, Guy Millner and Clint Day in the later half of the decade. Mack Francis Mattingly served one term as a United States Senator from Georgia, the first Republican to serve in the U Guy W Millner is an American multi-millionaire businessman who ran as a Republican for governor of Georgia in 1994 United States Senator from Clint Day, one of the heirs to the Days Inn fortune served in the Georgia State Senate from 1993 to 1997 before mounting unsuccessful campaigns for the U

The state convention, held at the Cobb Galleria in May 2001, was the most heavily attended and longest running in the history of the party. May 2001: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September Reed won on the first ballot, capturing almost 60 percent of the delegate vote against Shafer, who won 40 percent, and a third candidate, lobbyist Maria Rose Strollo, who won one percent.

Reed was endorsed by the "Confederate Republican Caucus," a block of almost 500 heritage activists who had participated in the state convention as a protest against the removal of the Confederate battle emblem from the State Flag. The Confederate States of America used several Flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865 The current Flag of Georgia was adopted on May 8, 2003. The flag has three red and white stripes with the state Coat of arms Associated with the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Confederate Republican Caucus claimed credit for both Reed's victory and the large margin. Sons of Confederate Veterans ( SCV) is an organization They would later claimed that they were "double-crossed" by Reed. [10]

Documents released by federal investigators in June 2005 show that Reed's 2001 campaign for State Chairman was secretly financed with contributions from the Choctaws, an Indian gaming tribe represented by Abramoff. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States ( Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana)

The party experienced success in the 2002 elections under Reed's leadership. Saxby Chambliss was elected as U. Clarence Saxby Chambliss (born November 10, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Georgia. S. Senator, and Sonny Perdue was elected as Governor. George Ervin "Sonny" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is the governor of the U Reed, however, was asked to relinquish his job as State Chairman by Perdue, whose long-shot candidacy was largely ignored by Reed in favor of Chambliss.

Reed supported the candidacy of Congressman Bob Barr, who had moved into the neighboring district of Congressman John Linder and challenged his renomination. Robert Laurence "Bob" Barr Jr (born John Elmer Linder (born September 9 1942) American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Linder decisively defeated Barr.

Reed was also criticized by some Republican activists because of the alleged business activities of his firm, Century Strategies. Critics claim that if Reed had sought to run for reelection as State Chairman, members of the State Executive Committee were ready to publicize the details of these allegations.

Campaign for Lieutenant Governor

See also: Georgia statewide elections, 2006

Initial Success

Speculation about a Reed candidacy for Lieutenant Governor began building shortly after the 2004 general election. The Georgia statewide elections were held on November 7, 2006. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Republican party leaders were unenthusiastic about the candidacy of Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine, who had been "exploring" a race for Lieutenant Governor for over a year. Biographical Information Oxendine is the son of former Judge James W Aides to Governor Sonny Perdue tried to recruit House Republican Leader Jerry Keen as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor, while State Senators Casey Cagle and Bill Stephens jockeyed for support among Senate Republicans. George Ervin "Sonny" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is the governor of the U

Reed claimed support of the White House, access to the Bush fundraising apparatus and command of a large grass roots organization. His official declaration of candidacy on February 17, 2005 largely cleared the field of opposition; Keen, Stephens and Oxendine all left the race. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Keen, a former state chairman of the Christian Coalition, was the first to drop, followed quickly by Stephens. Although insisting at the time of Reed's entry into the race that he would "never" withdraw, Oxendine ended his candidacy two weeks later. Only Cagle, a relatively unknown lawmaker, remained in the race to challenge Reed.

Early signs of trouble

A poll conducted for Oxendine was the first indication of trouble for Reed. [11] Released shortly before Oxendine's exit from the race, the poll showed Oxendine defeating Reed among likely Republican voters by a large margin. It also showed Reed losing the general election to the only announced Democratic candidate for Lieutenant Governor, former State Senator Greg Hecht. Greg Hecht is an American politician a member of the Democratic Party, and a former member of the Georgia General Assembly in the U Little attention was paid to the poll because Oxendine folded his own candidacy shortly after it was released. Reed himself dismissed the poll as a face-saving gesture by an embarrassed Oxendine.

Loss of momentum and turning tide

Reed's campaign experienced a loss of momentum with revelations about his role in the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, Email documents released in the investigation reveal details about Reed's financial relationships with Abramoff. [12]

Reed's early lead in fundraising evaporated by December 31, 2005, when disclosure reports showed Cagle raising almost twice as much money as Reed in the last six months of the year. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Defections and calls for withdrawal

Bob Irvin, a former House Republican leader, was the first prominent Republican to publicly call on Reed to withdraw from the race. Bob Irvin was an early leader of the modern Republican Party in Georgia in the United States. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. [13]

In a widely publicized act, 21 state senators signed a letter in February 2006 calling on Reed to withdraw from the race, "declaring that his ties to Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff could jeopardize the re-election of Gov. Stories without links will be removed. News stories must be in English Sonny Perdue and the rest of the GOP ticket. . . . Reed rejected the petition as a useless stunt, and expressed confidence that his record and ideas would prevail. " [14]

Aides to Speaker of the House Glenn Richardson, ostensibly neutral in the race, released a poll that showed Reed's mounting negatives could hurt Perdue and the Republican ticket. On March 21, 2006, political consultant Matt Towery of Insider Advantage released a poll showing Reed represented an eight point drag on the Perdue ticket. [15]

Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine, whose own ambitions had been upended by Reed's candidacy, endorsed Cagle in June 2006, saying that Reed's nomination threatened the success of the Republican ticket. Biographical Information Oxendine is the son of former Judge James W June 2006 was a month with thirty days The following events also occurred during the month

Two dozen members of the Reed steering committee, including a Reed State Co-Chairman, resigned their affiliation with the Reed campaign and endorsed Cagle, but Reed continued his pursuit of the nomination.

After Reed attacked Cagle for accepting contributions from the real estate development industry, Senator Chip Pearson, a developer and former Reed backer, sent Reed a letter demanding the return of over $6,000 in campaign contributions.

Bush factor

Reed backers counted on the rumored intervention by President George W. Bush but were disappointed when Bush seemed to distance himself from Reed in an attempt to disassociate himself from Abramoff. During a July 2005 visit to Georgia, Bush pointedly ignored Reed, who attempted to get his attention during the President's speech. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October In a March 2006 appearance at a Georgia Republican Party rally, Bush further tried to distance himself from Reed, saying that Georgia had two candidates for Lieutenant Governor and naming Reed's opponent, Casey Cagle, first. Stories without links will be removed. News stories must be in English (Insider Advantage Georgia)

Casey Cagle

Reed's Republican opponent, Senator Casey Cagle, was at first viewed as an underdog with little chance of defeating Reed. Lowell S "Casey" Cagle (born January 12, 1966 in Gainesville Georgia) is an American politician a member of the Republican However, he led Reed in endorsements from Republican elected officials and attracted substantial support from the business community. [16]

Reed responded to his difficulties by criticizing Cagle for "negative campaigning. Negative campaigning is trying to win an advantage by referring to negative aspects of an opponent or of a policy rather than emphasizing one's own positive attributes or preferred " Cagle's staff includes several former employees and associates of Reed, whom the Reed campaign has labeled "disgruntled. "

Trouble with the flaggers

Reed had courted the Southern Heritage Movement in his campaign for State Chairman of the Georgia Republican Party. He won the endorsement of the "Confederate Republican Caucus" and a block vote from their 400 delegates to the State Convention, giving him a surprisingly large victory in the hotly contested race.

Reed incurred the wrath of the Southern Heritage Movement by failing to keep any of the campaign promises he had made to them, and when he began his campaign for Lieutenant Governor four years later, they struck back with a vengeance.

The Georgia Heritage Council, Southern Heritage Political Action Committee, and Southern Party of Georgia, three leading organizations comprising the Southern Heritage Movement, all declared "guerrilla" war on his candidacy. Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Reed's campaign appearances were the repeated subject of protests and demonstrations called "flaggings" because of the use of the Confederate Battle Flag as a protest symbol.

The Georgia Heritage Council published a series of cartoons lampooning Reed. These cartoons compared him to Judas and denounced his role in the Abramoff gambling scandal. [17]

Last gasps

Reed attempted to revive his campaign with high powered endorsements. Hoping to make himself more acceptable to Christian conservatives in the 2008 Presidential race, New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani traveled to Georgia to campaign for Reed. KBE Per, "Postnominal letters should be included when they are issued by a country or organization the subject has been closely associated with A Democrat, conservative former United States Senator Zell Miller, also endorsed Reed. Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U

Election results

On July 18, 2006, Reed was decisively defeated in the Republican primary, losing the nomination to State Senator Casey Cagle. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Lowell S "Casey" Cagle (born January 12, 1966 in Gainesville Georgia) is an American politician a member of the Republican Final returns show Reed losing by twelve percentage points, collecting 44 percent of the vote to Cagle's 56 percent. According to Politics1. com, Reed indicated he would not likely seek elective office ever again. [18]

Indian gambling scandals

Abramoff Scandal
Events & scandals
Plead guilty
Convicted
Named but not charged
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Main article: Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal

Reed was named in the scandal arising from lobbying work performed by Jack Abramoff on behalf of Indian gambling tribes. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, The Jack Abramoff Guam investigation involves an alleged plot by lobbyist Jack Abramoff and others to control the functions of the courts in Guam. The Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Jack Abramoff, other lobbyists, and government officials to change or prevent or both Congressional action The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling The monetary influence of Jack Abramoff ran deep in Washington as Jack Abramoff spent millions of dollars to influence and entertain Republican politicians SunCruz Casinos is one of many cruise lines that offer "cruises to nowhere" legally transporting passengers into International waters beyond the reach of Jack Abramoff (born February 28 1959 is a former Lobbyist, and a businessman who was a central figure in a series of high-profile political scandals. John Albaugh is a former Republican Congressional staffer who was the fourteenth person found guilty in the Jack Abramoff scandals. Robert Jared Carpenter was the vice president of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy beginning in 2000 Robert E Coughlin, II is an American Lawyer and was formerly the Deputy Chief of Staff Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice. Italia Federici (born August 12, 1969) the former president of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy (CREA James Steven "Steve" Griles (born December 13, 1947) was a Coal lobbyist and the Deputy Secretary for the U William Heaton (born 1979 is the former chief of staff for former Rep Adam Kidan is a former business associate of convicted Lobbyist Jack Abramoff, who partnered with Abramoff in the purchase of SunCruz Casinos. Robert William "Freedom Bob" Ney (born July 5 1954) is an American politician from the U Tony Charles Rudy (born May 3, 1966) an American Lobbyist and an associate of Jack Abramoff. Michael Scanlon is a former communications director for Rep Tom DeLay, Lobbyist, and Public relations executive who has plead guilty to corruption charges Roger G Stillwell (born October 13, 1939) an American Lobbyist. Neil Volz was Chief of Staff to Representative Bob Ney (R-Ohio staff director of the House Administration Committee and later part of Team Abramoff, when he left Mark Zachares is a former Congressional aide to Rep Don Young (R-AK and lobbyist who pleaded guilty to accepting tens of thousands of dollars in gifts from lobbyist David Hossein Safavian (born August 4, 1967) is a former chief of staff of the United States General Services Administration (GSA and a figure in Edwin A Buckham is a former congressional staffer and lobbyist who presently is under investigation in various scandals surrounding high-profile lobbyist Jack Abramoff Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas. Thomas Charles "Tom" Feeney III usually known as Tom Feeney (born May 21 1958) is a Republican politician from the state of Ernest James Istook Jr (born February 11 1950, in Fort Worth Texas) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Kevin A Ring was a Lobbyist and Republican Congressional staffer "Team Abramoff" is the team of lobbyists assembled by Jack Abramoff when he worked at Greenberg Traurig, primarily of former aides to prominent Congressional Konstantinos "Gus" Boulis ( 1949 - February 6 2001) was a land-developer casino operator and restaurant owner of Greek descent who was murdered Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is president of anti- Tax Lobbying group Americans for Tax Reform. Susan Bonzon Ralston (born October 15 1967) is the President of SBR Enterprises LLC a government affairs public relations and business consulting firm in Rev Louis P "Lou" Sheldon (born 1934 in Washington DC Robert Warren "Bob" Schaffer (born July 24, 1962) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from the Jack Abramoff 's career brought him into contact with numerous organizations including lobbying firms restaurants Think tanks and charitable organizations Several Native American tribes were defrauded by Lobbyist Jack Abramoff in his namesake Indian lobbying scandal. The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. 1980s 1981 - Elected Chairman of the College Republican National Committee in a campaign managed by Grover Norquist, the executive director of the The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, Jack Abramoff (born February 28 1959 is a former Lobbyist, and a businessman who was a central figure in a series of high-profile political scandals. The scandal arose from the discovery that Abramoff and his junior partner Michael Scanlon had fabricated an artificial threat to Native American tribal gambling casinos in order to then bill those same tribes for lobbying efforts to 'save' them. Abramoff may have received as much as $82 million from the tribes to defend their casinos from a non-existent threat.

E-mails released by federal investigators in June 2005 revealed that Reed secretly accepted payments from Abramoff to lobby against Indian casino gambling and oppose an Alabama education lottery. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October [19] However, just as damaging were revelations that Abramoff and Scanlon, and to a lesser extent Reed, celebrated the billing of massive amounts of money to the tribes. Additional e-mails released in November 2005 show that Reed also worked for another Abramoff client seeking to block a congressional ban on Internet gambling. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. These cases are being investigated by multiple federal and state grand juries and by the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. The United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is responsible for dealing with matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Abramoff pled guilty to three felony counts in federal court, raising the prospects of Abramoff testifying against others. In Common law legal systems a felony is a serious Crime, often contrasted with a Misdemeanor.

Those e-mails and other evidence revealed the participation of the Christian Coalition in the alleged fraud, particularly the Alabama chapter of the Christian Coalition, which received large amounts of donations from the casino money. It is alleged that Abramoff engaged Ralph Reed to set up an anti-gambling campaign to include the U.S. Family Network, the Christian Coalition, and Focus on the Family in order to frighten the tribes into spending as much as $82 million for Abramoff to lobby on their behalf. US Family Network Inc (USFN was founded in 1996 by Ed Buckham, who also served as the organization's consultant

To represent him in connection with the scandal, Reed has retained white collar criminal defense attorney W. Neil Eggleston of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP. Within the field of Criminology, white-collar crime or 'incorporated governance' has been defined by Edwin Sutherland as "a crime committed by a person of respectability Eggleston served as White House associate counsel during the administration of President Bill Clinton, a one time Reed nemesis. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Reed's campaign spokespeople insist that his conduct in the scandal was legal.

In December 2005, three Texas public interest groups filed a complaint with Travis County Attorney David Escamilla on December 1, 2005, alleging that Reed failed to register as a lobbyist in 2001 or 2002 when he was working for Abramoff. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Travis County is located in the US state of Texas. It is part of the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan area. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The groups cite e-mail messages from Reed to Abramoff released by the U. S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in which Reed claimed to have made contact with the Texas Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General. [20] Escamilla said on March 27, 2006 "his office had concluded its investigation -- but that a two-year statute of limitations on misdemeanors from 2001 and 2002 had expired. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. " [21]

On June 22, 2006 the U. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs released its final report [22] on the scandal.

The report states that under the guidance of the Mississippi Choctaw tribe's planner, Nell Rogers, the tribe agreed to launder money because "Ralph Reed did not want to be paid directly by a tribe with gaming interests. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States ( Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana) " It also states that Reed used non-profits, like Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform, as pass-throughs to disguise the origin of the funds, and that "the structure was recommended by Jack Abramoff to accommodate Mr. Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is president of anti- Tax Lobbying group Americans for Tax Reform. Americans for Tax Reform is an Interest group seeking to reduce the overall level of Taxation in the United States, at the federal state and local level Reed’s political concerns. "

On July 7, 2006, The National Journal ran a lengthy article, entitled "Reed In The Rough," detailing the extensive relationship between Abramoff and Reed. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death National Journal is a weekly magazine that reports on the current political environment and emerging political and policy trends The article noted, for example, how Reed helped Abramoff land his influential slot on George W. Bush's Interior Department transition team. The article further detailed how Abramoff prodded Reed for help at the Interior Department even before Bush won the election in 2000. An e-mail to Reed on October 24, 2000, had Abramoff openly asking Reed to help him get on the transition team. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat "This would be really key for future clients for both of us," he wrote to Reed. "Let's discuss. "[23]

Personal use of non-profit funds

E-mails show that in August 2002, Abramoff flew Reed, David Safavian, Bob Ney, and Neil Volz, on a private jet for a golfing trip in Scotland. David Hossein Safavian (born August 4, 1967) is a former chief of staff of the United States General Services Administration (GSA and a figure in Robert William "Freedom Bob" Ney (born July 5 1954) is an American politician from the U Abramoff used his nonprofit charity, the Capital Athletic Foundation, to pay for the trip. The Capital Athletic Foundation is a 501(c(3 charity organization founded in 2000 Safavian was convicted for lying about that trip. [24]

Trivia

During the Georgia Republican Convention in May 2007, Presidential candidate Mitt Romney mistook Reed for Gary Bauer[25]. Gary Lee Bauer (born May 4 1946, Covington Kentucky) is a neoconservative American Politician notable for his ties to The Romney campaign later clarified this misunderstanding, explaining that Romney had mistaken Reed for South Carolina Lieutenant Governor Andre Bauer. R André Bauer (born March 20, 1969) is an American politician who has been the Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina since [26]

Positions held

Quotations

On Reed

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ http://www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=21837
  2. ^ Fighting For God and the Right Wing - TIME
  3. ^ Quotes On and From Ralph Reed | Public Campaign Action Fund
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ a b (Nina J. Easton, Gang of Five, pp 386-387)
  6. ^ News: Lobbygate's Gateses (Seattle Weekly)
  7. ^ http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/221811_msftreed27.html retrieved 2007-09-01
  8. ^ Schmidt, Susan. "Casino Bid Prompted High-Stakes Lobbying", The Washington Post, March 13, 2005. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ Edsall, Thomas. "Another Stumble for Ralph Reed's Beleaguered Campaign", Washington Post, May 29, 2006, pp. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D  A5.  
  10. ^ Ralph "Roll-Them-Dice" Reed gets his just desserts
  11. ^ "Political Insider", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, February 17, 2005. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the only major daily Newspaper in Atlanta Georgia, USA and its suburbs. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  12. ^ http://indian.senate.gov/exhibitspart1.pdf Exhibits to 2005-06-22 Senate Comm on Indian Affairs Hearing Retrieved 2007-09-02
  13. ^ "Christian right's Ralph Reed making 1st run for elected office", Dick Pettys, Decatur Daily, June 19, 2005. The Decatur Daily is a daily Newspaper serving Decatur and the Tennessee Valley in North Alabama, United States. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  14. ^ [2]
  15. ^ Poll: Reed a drag on GOP ticket, Tom Baxter, Jim Galloway, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 22, 2006
  16. ^ Supporters ask, is Reed worth the gamble? Jim Galloway, Cox News Service, January 13, 2006
  17. ^ Georgia Heritage Council - The X Files - The Truth (and Parody) is in HERE
  18. ^ Politics1 - American Politics, Elections, Candidates & Campaigns
  19. ^ http://indian.senate.gov/exhibitspart1.pdf Exhibits to the 2005-06-22 Hearing of the Senate Comm on Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
  20. ^ [3]
  21. ^ KLTV 7 Tyler-Longview-Jacksonville, TX: Our Apologies
  22. ^ M:\Oversight and Investigation\Indian Lobbying\Report\Sections\Bosses' Drafts\ID1.Cover Page.wpd
  23. ^ NATIONAL JOURNAL: Reed In The Rough (07/07/06)
  24. ^ [4]
  25. ^ Wink. - By Bruce Reed - Slate Magazine
  26. ^ Cub and run. - By Bruce Reed - Slate Magazine
  27. ^ Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds
  28. ^ Ralph Reed
  29. ^ The Wall Street Journal Online - Peggy Noonan

External links

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