| ရခုိင္ပ္ရည္နယ္ Rakhine State (MLCTS: rahkuing pranynai) |
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| Capital | Sittwe (Akyab) |
| Region | West coastal |
| Area | 36,780 km² |
| Population | 2,698,000 |
| Ethnicities | Rakhine,Rohingya,Chin, Mro |
| Religions | Buddhism,Islam |
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Rakhine State (formerly Arakan) is a state of Myanmar. The Myanma Language Commission Transcription System, also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS is a Transliteration system for rendering Burmese Sittwe is a Town in Rakhine State, in the westernmost part of Myanmar (Burma The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's The Rohingya are a Muslim Ethnic group of the Northern Rakhine State of Western Burma. Chin ( is one of the ethnic groups in Myanmar. They are notable for being the only major ethnic group in Myanmar for being a Christian majority Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Geographical renaming is the act of changing the name of a geographical feature or area Burma (also known as Myanmar) is divided into 14 administrative subdivisions which include 7 states ( pyine) and 7 divisions ( yin) Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Situated the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Division, Bago Division and Ayeyarwady Division in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. Chin State Chin State is the land (segregated in Myanmar where Zomi (or Laimis are commonly begun from. Magway Division (also spelt Magwe) is a division located in central Myanmar between north latitude 18° 50' and 22° 47' and east longitude between Bago Division is an administrative division of Burma, located in the southern portion of the country Ayeyarwady Division or Irrawaddy Division is a division of Burma, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady River (also known as the The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Chittagong Division (চট্টগ্রাম is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and east longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east.
The Arakan Roma mountain range, which rises to 3,063 m at Victoria Peak, separates Rakhine State from Myanmar proper. Its area is 36,762 km² and its capital is Sittwe (formerly Akyab). Sittwe is a Town in Rakhine State, in the westernmost part of Myanmar (Burma Sittwe is a Town in Rakhine State, in the westernmost part of Myanmar (Burma The estimated population in 1985 was 2,698,000 and it is inhabited primary by one main group of people, the Rakhine also known as Arakanese. The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's The second largest ethnic group are Rohingya Arakanese. The remaining ethnic groups are Mro, Khami(Khumi), Kaman Muslim, Dienet, Marmagri and a few others.
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Name
Demographics
Ethnographers classify up to 11 ethnic groups (not including ethnic sub-groups) as native to Rakhine State. Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive The Rakhine or Arakanese live in valleys and on Rambye(Ramree) and Manaung (Cheduba) islands. The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's Manaung is a Town and district in Manaung Township in Kyaukpyu District in the Rakhine State of westernmost part of Myanmar The Chin inhabit the mountain regions of the north. In the Human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the Face. The Mro, Thet, Khami, Dainet, Maramagri,Bangl,Khumi live on mountain ranges in the west and north. Khami is a ruined city in southern Africa, in what is now western and central Zimbabwe. Each group is also known by more than one name, and data on the smaller ethnic groups is insufficient. Ethnicity in Rakhine State is a complex issue, made more complex by the current political situation.
Organization
Arakan State consists of five districts: Sittwe, Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Kyaukpru and Thandwe. Thandwe is a Town in the Rakhine State of westernmost part of Myanmar. Combined, these districts have a total of 17 townships and 1,164 village-tracts.
Economy
Rakhine State receives much rain, so rice is the main crop, occupying around 85% of the total agricultural land. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Coconut and nipa palm plantations are also important. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family Nypa fruticans, known as the Attap Palm ( Singapore) Nipa Palm ( Philippines) and Mangrove Palm or Nipah palm Fishing is a major industry, with most of the catch transported to Yangon, but some is also exported. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Yangon (also known as Rangoon) is the largest city and a former capital of Burma. Wood products such as timber, bamboo and fuel wood are extracted from the mountains. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Small amounts of inferior-grade crude oil are produced from primitive, shallow, hand-dug wells, but there is yet unexplored potential for petroleum and natural gas production. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane,
Tourism is slowly being developed. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The ruins of the ancient royal town Mrauk U and the beach resorts of Ngapali are the major attractions for foreign visitors, but facilities are still primitive, and the transportation infrastructure is still rudimentary. Mrauk U ( is an archaeologically important Town in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Thandwe is a Town in the Rakhine State of westernmost part of Myanmar.
History
| This article is part of the History of Burma series |
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| Early history of Burma |
| Pyu city-states (c. The History of Burma, now officially Myanmar, is long and complicated Humans lived in the region that is now Myanmar as early as 11000 years ago but archeological evidence dates the first settlements at about 2500 BC with cattle rearing and the production Pyu (also Pyuu or Pyus; in Chinese records Pyao) refers to a collection of City-states and their language found in the central and northern regions 100 BC–c. 840 AD) |
| Mon kingdoms (9th–11th, 13th–16th, 18th c. Mon kingdoms ruled large sections of Burma from the 9th to the 11th the 13th to the 16th and again in the 18th centuries ) |
| Bagan Dynasty (849–1287, 1st Empire) |
| Ava (1364–1555) |
| Pegu (1287–1539, 1747–1757) |
| Mrauk U (1434–1784) |
| Taungoo Dynasty (1486–1752, 2nd Empire) |
| Konbaung Dynasty (1752–1885, 3rd Empire) |
| Wars with Britain (1824–1826, 1852, 1885) |
| British Arakan (1824–1852) |
| British Tenasserim (1824–1852) |
| British Lower Burma (1852–1886) |
| British Upper Burma (1885–1886) |
| British rule in Burma (1824–1942, 1945–1948) |
| Nationalist movement in Burma (after 1886) |
| Aung San |
| Japanese occupation of Burma (1942–1945) |
| Democratic period (1948–1962) |
| U Nu and U Thant |
| 1st military rule (1962–1989) |
| Ne Win |
| 8888 Uprising (1988) |
| Aung San Suu Kyi |
| 2nd military rule (1989–present) |
| Saffron Revolution (2007) |
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The natives of Arakan trace their history as far back as 2666 B. C. , and give a lineal succession of 227 native princes down to modern times. According to them, their empire had at one period far wider limits, and extended over Ava, part of China, and a portion of Bengal. This extension of their empire is not, however, corroborated by known facts in history. According to recorded history, a kingdom called Dhanyawadi arose in the Arakan region in the 1st century AD. Dhanyawadi ( was a Town in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. The site is approximately 80 miles north by north east of Sittwe, and lies between The famous Mahamuni Buddha (located in Mandalay) was cast in Dhanyawady in around 150 AD. The Mahamuni Buddha, ( lit The Great Sage) also known as the Maha Myat Muni Paya Rakhine Paya Payagyi is a major Buddhist pilgrimage site in Mandalay, Mandalay is the second largest city and the last royal capital of Burma (Myanmar and is the economic and cultural hub of Upper Burma The kingdom of Waithali (Rakhine: Wai-tha-li) was the successor to Dhanyawady from the 3rd century AD. Waithali ( was a Town in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. It was the capital of the second Arakanese Kingdom (4th - 10th Century AD also named Waithali
Arakan reached the zenith of its power in the Bay of Bengal during the Waithali (Vesali), Lemro and Mrauk U periods, but the country steadily declined from the seventeenth century onwards. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Waithali ( was a Town in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. It was the capital of the second Arakanese Kingdom (4th - 10th Century AD also named Waithali Mrauk U ( is an archaeologically important Town in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Chittagong, which was part of Arakan, was invaded and occupied by the Mughal Empire in 1666. Chittagong ( Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম Chôţţogram) is Bangladesh 's main Seaport and its second-largest city The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Internal instability and dethroning of kings was very common. The Portuguese, during the era of their greatness in Asia, gained a temporary establishment in Arakan; but on December 28th 1784 the province was finally conquered by the Burmese. Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
The famous Mahamuni Buddha image was taken as a war trophy by King Mindon to his capital of Amarapura (The image was relocated to Mandalay in 1853 when he relocated the capital to Mandalay). Mindon may refer to Mindon Min -King of Burma Mindon Burma - a town Amarapura ( lit City of Immortality is a city in the Mandalay Division of Myanmar, situated 11 km to the south of Mandalay. The Burmese, after conquering Arakan, came directly into contact with British interests in east India. Burmese seizures of Arakan's neighbouring states of Assam and Manipur and the assault on Shinmaphyu Isle, which was a British outpost in Bengal was the instigating causes of the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824 to 26). Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang The First Anglo–Burmese War lasted from 1823 to 1826 In the United Kingdom it is called the First Burmese War whereas Burmese custom names both belligerents Under the Treaty of Yandabo (1826), Burma ceded Arakan and Tenasserim to British India. The Treaty of Yandaboo between the British East India Company and the Burmese King of Ava, signed on February 24, 1826 marked the Tanintharyi Division, better known by the old name Tenasserim (Thaiตะนาวศรี is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Arakan was thus one of the first Burmese territories to be ceded to the British. The British made Akyab capital of Arakan, and retained the traditional divisions of the country into the districts of Akyab, Kyaukpyu and Sandoway (Ramree) with a district officer in charge of each. Sittwe is a Town in Rakhine State, in the westernmost part of Myanmar (Burma Akyab district originally included the Arakan Hill Tracts, which were detached 1865 and made into a separate district (and which is now Chin State). Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Chin State Chin State is the land (segregated in Myanmar where Zomi (or Laimis are commonly begun from.
With independence and the formation of the Union of Burma (now Myanmar) in 1948, the three districts became Arakan Division, on equal footing with the majority Burmese administrative divisions. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia.
From the 1950s, there was a growing movement for secession and restoration of Rakhine independence. Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity In part to appease this sentiment, in 1974, the Burmese government of Ne Win constituted Rakhine State from Arakan Division giving at least nominal acknowledgment of the majority Rakhine ethnic group. Ne Win (နေဝင်း nè wín 24 May or 14 May 1911 or 10 July 1910 – 5 December 2002; born Shu The Rakhine people ( ja̰kʰàin lùmjóʊ formerly Arakanese) are an Ethnic group of Myanmar, and form the majority along Rakhine State's
See also
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The following is a list of the Kingship (including mythological of the Arakan. The Rohingya are a Muslim Ethnic group of the Northern Rakhine State of Western Burma. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
Rakhine independence-affiliated
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