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Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi
In office
31 October 1984 – 2 December 1989
President Giani Zail Singh
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Preceded by Indira Gandhi
Succeeded by V. P. Singh
Born 20 August 1944
Bombay, British India
Died May 21, 1991 (aged 46)
Sriperumbudur, TN, India
Nationality Indian
Political party Indian National Congress
Spouse Sonia Gandhi
Profession Airline pilot
Religion Hindu

Rajiv Gandhi राजीव गांधी (IPA: [raːdʒiːv gaːnd̪ʰiː]), born in Bombay, (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the elder son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 7th Prime Minister of India (and the 3rd from the Nehru-Gandhi family) from his mother's death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December 2, 1989 following a general election defeat. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)  Giani Zail Singh (ਜ਼ੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ May 5 1916 – December 25 1994) was an Indian politician and member of the Ramaswamy Venkataraman (ராமசுவாமி ெவங்கட்ராமன் (born December 4, 1910) was the 8th President of the Republic Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Vishwanath Pratap Singh (विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह born 25 June 1931) was the 10th Prime Minister of the Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Sonia Gandhi, born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino on 9 December 1946 is an Indian politician the President of the Indian National Congress and A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Feroze Gandhi ( 12 August 1912 - 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) He was the youngest Prime Minister of India (at the age of 40).

Rajiv Gandhi was a professional pilot for Indian Airlines (now Air India) before entering politics. Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services While at Cambridge, he met Italian-born Sonia Maino who he later married. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Sonia Gandhi, born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino on 9 December 1946 is an Indian politician the President of the Indian National Congress and He remained aloof from politics despite his mother being the Indian Prime Minister, and it was only following the death of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in 1980 that Rajiv entered politics. Sanjay Gandhi ( December 14, 1946 –- June 23, 1980) was an Indian politician the younger son of Prime Minister Indira After the assassination of his mother in 1984 after Operation Blue Star, Indian National Congress party leaders elected him Prime Minister. Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India.

Rajiv Gandhi led the Congress to a major election victory in 1984 soon after, amassing the largest majority ever in Indian Parliament. The Congress party won 411 seats out of 542. He began dismantling the License Raj - government quotas, tariffs and permit regulations on economic activity - modernized the telecommunications industry, the education system, expanded science and technology initiatives and improved relations with the United States. Licence Raj refers to the elaborate licences regulations and the accompanying Red tape that were required to set up business in India between 1947 and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He also was responsible for sending Indian troops (Indian Peace Keeping Force or IPKF) for peace efforts in Sri Lanka, which soon ended in open conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island "LTTE" redirects here For the Led Zeppelin bootleg see Listen to This Eddie. In mid-1987, the Bofors scandal broke his honest, corruption-free image and resulted in a major defeat for his party in the 1989 elections. The Bofors scandal was a major corruption Scandal in India in the 1980s the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and several

Rajiv Gandhi remained Congress President till the elections in 1991. The President of the All India Congress Committee, and therefore of the Indian National Congress Party (INC as a whole is known as the Congress President While campaigning, he was assassinated by a female LTTE suicide bomber Thenmuli Rajaratnam. "LTTE" redirects here For the Led Zeppelin bootleg see Listen to This Eddie. Thenmuli Rajaratnam (died 21 May 1991) was the His widow Sonia Gandhi became the leader of the Congress party in 1998, and led the party to victory in the 2004 elections. His son Rahul Gandhi is a Member of Parliament. Rahul Gandhi (born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the Parliament of India, representing the Amethi constituency

Rajiv Gandhi was posthomously awarded the Highest National Award of India, Bharat Ratna, joining a list of 40 luminaries, including Mrs. Bharat Ratna (translates to Jewel of India or Gem of India in English) is India 's highest Civilian award, awarded for the Indira Gandhi.

As a religious leader, he (like his mother and other family elders) "served as Acharya" of his family Gurudev's (Rabindranath Tagore) Adi Dharm Ashram (and Brahmo Mandir) in Viswa-Bharati at Shantiniketan (West Bengal) for about 5 years. Adi Dharm refers to the religion of Adi Brahmo Samaj the first development of Brahmoism and includes those Sadharan Brahmo Samajists who were reintegrated into Brahmoism WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Santiniketan ( Bangla: শান্তিনিকেতন Shantiniketôn) is a small town West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. [1]

Contents

Early life

Rajiv Gandhi was born into India's most famous political family. His grandfather was the Indian independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru, who would later become India's first Prime Minister after independence. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party He is not related to Mahatma Gandhi despite his name. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The Gandhi surname was acquired by Indira Nehru after marrying Feroze Gandhi. Feroze Gandhi ( 12 August 1912 - 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist Rajiv and his younger brother Sanjay were raised in Allahabad and Delhi with their mother. Allahabad ( Hindi: इलाहाबाद Urdu: الہ آباد Ilāhābād) is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population His parents were reconciled in 1958 in Kashmir but his father, Feroze Gandhi died from a heart attack in 1960. Feroze Gandhi ( 12 August 1912 - 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist

Education

Rajiv was educated at two highly exclusive private boarding schools for boys: at the Welham Boys' School and The Doon School, and he later attended university in the United Kingdom, at Imperial College London and Trinity College, University of Cambridge. Welham Boys School is a prestigious boarding school in Dehradun India Overview Doon follows the House System, with five administrative units or dorm -like houses, named Hyderabad, Jaipur, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Imperial College London (officially The Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine as given in its Royal Charter It is one of only three universities to have reached Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the At Cambridge, he met and fell in love with an Italian student Sonia Maino, who was there to learn English. Sonia Gandhi, born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino on 9 December 1946 is an Indian politician the President of the Indian National Congress and Maino's family opposed the match, but Maino came to India with Rajiv and they were married in 1968.

Rajiv began working for Indian Airlines as a professional pilot while his mother became Prime Minister in 1966. Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily He exhibited no interest in politics and did not live regularly with his mother in Delhi at the Prime Minister's residence. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population In 1970, his wife, Sonia gave birth to Rahul, their first child, and in 1972, to Priyanka, their second. Rahul Gandhi (born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the Parliament of India, representing the Amethi constituency Even as Gandhi remained aloof in politics, his younger brother Sanjay became a close advisor to their mother.

Entry into politics

It was following his younger brother's death in 1980 that Rajiv was pressured by Indian National Congress party politicians and his mother to enter politics. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Rajiv and his wife were both opposed to the idea, and Rajiv even publicly stated that he would not contest for his brother's seat, but he finally accepted his mother's urging and announced his candidacy for Parliament. His entry was criticized by many in the press, public and opposition political parties, who saw the role of Nehru's dynasty intensifying in Indian politics.

Elected for Sanjay's Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituency of Amethi in Uttar Pradesh state in February 1981, Rajiv became an important political advisor to his mother. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Amethi is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Sultanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U It was widely perceived that Indira Gandhi was grooming Rajiv for the prime minister's job, and Rajiv soon became the president of the Youth Congress - the Congress party's youth wing.

Prime Minister

Rajiv was in West Bengal when Indira Gandhi was assassinated on October 31, 1984. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Top Congress leaders, as well as President Zail Singh pressed Rajiv to become India's Prime Minister, within hours of his mother's assassination by two of her Sikh bodyguards.  Giani Zail Singh (ਜ਼ੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ May 5 1916 – December 25 1994) was an Indian politician and member of the Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century He has been accused of taking anti-Sikh stand and not doing enough, in his capacity as the country's Prime Minister, to stop the anti-Sikh riots which ensued, killing more than 3,000 Sikhs [2]. Commenting on the violence in national capital Delhi, Rajiv Gandhi said, "' When a giant tree falls, the earth below shakes" [3]; a statement for which he was widely criticised. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population When Big Tree Falls is a short story by acclaimed Malayalam author N Many Congress politicians were accused of orchestrating the violence [4]. Soon after assuming office, Rajiv asked President Zail Singh to dissolve Parliament and hold fresh elections, as Lokh Sabha completed its five year term.  Giani Zail Singh (ਜ਼ੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ May 5 1916 – December 25 1994) was an Indian politician and member of the Rajiv Gandhi also officially became the President of the Congress party.

Owing largely to the feelings of sympathy in wake of Indira's murder, the Congress party won a landslide victory - with largest majority in history of Indian Parliament[5], giving Rajiv absolute control of government. The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is the federal and supreme Legislative body of India. Rajiv Gandhi also benefited from his youth and a general perception of being Mr. Clean, or free of a background in corrupt politics [6]. Rajiv thus revived hopes and enthusiasm amongst the Indian public for the Congress.

Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi began leading in a direction significantly different from Indira Gandhi's socialism. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution He improved bilateral relations with the United States - long strained owing to Indira's socialism and close friendship with the USSR - and expanded economic and scientific cooperation. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 He increased government support for science and technology and associated industries, and reduced import quotas, taxes and tariffs on technology-based industries, especially computers, airlines, defence and telecommunications. He introduced measures significantly reducing the License Raj - allowing businesses and individuals to purchase capital, consumer goods and import without red-tape and bureaucratic restrictions. Licence Raj refers to the elaborate licences regulations and the accompanying Red tape that were required to set up business in India between 1947 and In 1986, Rajiv announced a national education policy to modernize and expand higher education programs across India. Rajiv Gandhi was the founder of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya System in the year 1986. Rajiv Gandhi can be called the father of telecom revolution. His efforts created MTNL in 1986 and the public call offices, better known as PCOs, helped spread telephones in the rural areas. The work that he did then laid the foundation for a telecom boom in 1990s.

Rajiv authorized an extensive police and Army campaign to contain terrorism in Punjab. A state of martial law existed in the Punjab state, and civil liberties, commerce and tourism were greatly disrupted. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. There are many accusations of human rights violations by police officials as well as by the militants during this period. It is alleged that even as the situation in Punjab came under control, the Indian government was offering arms and training to the LTTE rebels fighting the Government of Sri Lanka. The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord was signed by Rajiv Gandhi and the Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene, in Colombo on July 29, 1987. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) The very next day, on July 30, 1987, Rajiv Gandhi was assaulted by a Sinhalese naval cadet named Vijayamunige Rohana de Silva, while receiving honour guard. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Though the embarrassed Sri Lankan President J.R. Jayewardene initially attempted to pass off the bizarre assault as "Rajiv tripped a little and slightly lost his balance", Rajiv Gandhi while enroute to New Delhi asserted to J.N. Dixit who was in charge of arranging that disastrous visit, "What is all this nonsensical speculation. Junius Richard Jayewardene ( September 17 1906 &ndash November 1 1996) famously abbreviated in Sri Lanka as JR, was the Jyotindra Nath Dixit ( January 8 1936 &ndash January 3 2005) was an Indian diplomat and politician Of course, I was hit. " Rajiv's government suffered a major setback when its efforts to arbitrate between the Government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE rebels backfired. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island

Bofors scandal

Rajiv with President R. Venkataraman and Tamil Nadu Chief minister M. G. Ramachandran at the unvieling of a statue of Tamil poet Subramania Barathi
Rajiv with President R. Venkataraman and Tamil Nadu Chief minister M. G. Ramachandran at the unvieling of a statue of Tamil poet Subramania Barathi
Main article: Bofors scandal

Rajiv's finance minister, Vishwanath Pratap Singh uncovered compromising details about government and political corruption, to the consternation of Congress leaders. Ramaswamy Venkataraman (ராமசுவாமி ெவங்கட்ராமன் (born December 4, 1910) was the 8th President of the Republic Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. A Chief Minister is the elected Head of government of a sub-national (e Maruthur Gopala Ramachandran Menon ( Tamil: மருதூர் கோபால இராமச்சந்திரன் Malayalam:മരുതൂര് Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Subramania Bharati (சுப்ரமணிய பாரதி ( December 11, 1882 - September 11, 1921) was a Tamil poet from Tamil Nadu The Bofors scandal was a major corruption Scandal in India in the 1980s the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and several Vishwanath Pratap Singh (विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह born 25 June 1931) was the 10th Prime Minister of the Transferred to the Defence ministry, Singh uncovered what became known as the Bofors scandal, involving tens of millions of dollars - concerned alleged payoffs by the Swedish Bofors arms company through an Italian businessman and Gandhi family associate, Ottavio Quattrocchi, in return for Indian contracts. The name Bofors has been associated with the Iron industry for more than 350 years Ottavio Quattrocchi is an Italian businessman who is being sought in India for criminal charges for acting as a conduit for bribes in the Bofors scandal. Upon the uncovering of the scandal, Singh was conspicuously dismissed from office, and later from Congress membership. Rajiv Gandhi himself was later personally implicated in the scandal, when the investigation was continued by Narasimhan Ram and Chitra Subramaniam of The Hindu newspaper, shattering his image as an honest politician, however, he was cleared over this allegation in 2004 [7]

V. Narasimhan Ram (born May 4, 1945) is an Indian Journalist. He has been the Editor-in-chief of The Hindu since June 27 2003 The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper P. Singh's image as an exposer of government corruption made him very popular with the public, and opposition parties united under his name to form the Janata Dal coalition. Janata Dal is an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of one of the major Janata Party factions the Lok Dal and a group of Congressmen In the 1989 elections, the Congress suffered a major setback. With the support of Indian communists and the Bharatiya Janata Party, V. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political P. Singh and his Janata Dal formed a government. Rajiv Gandhi became the Leader of the Opposition, while remaining Congress president. While some believe that Rajiv and Congress leaders influenced the collapse of V. P. Singh's government in October 1990 by promising support to Chandra Shekhar, a high-ranking leader in the Janata Dal, sufficient internal contradictions existed, within the ruling coalition, especially over the controversial reservation issue, to cause a fall of government. Chandra Shekhar Singh (चन्द्रशेखर सिंह (July 1 1927 - July 8 2007 was the 11th Prime Minister of the Republic of India Rajiv's Congress offered outside support briefly to Chandra Sekhar, who became Prime Minister. But this support was withdrawn in 1991 and fresh elections were announced.

Sri Lanka policy

The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord signed was opposed by the then Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa and was forced to accept it due to pressure from then President Junius Richard Jayewardene. Sri Lankan Civil War See also Sri Lankan Civil War Sri Lanka, from the early part of the 1980s was facing an increasingly violent ethnic strife Ranasinghe Premadasa ( June 23, 1924 - May 1, 1993) was the 3rd President of Sri Lanka from January 2, 1989 Junius Richard Jayewardene ( September 17 1906 &ndash November 1 1996) famously abbreviated in Sri Lanka as JR, was the In January 1989 Premadasa was elected President and on a platform that promised that the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) leave within three months. Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF; Hindi: भारतीय शान्ति सेना was the Indian military contingent performing a Peacekeeping [8]In the 1989 elections both the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and United National Party wanted the IPKF to withdraw and they got 95% of the vote. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is one of the major political parties in Sri Lanka. The United National Party, often referred to as the UNP Sinhalese: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය (pronounced Eksath Jathika Pakshaya

The police action was unpopular in India as well, especially in Tamil Nadu as India was fighting the LTTE Tamil separatists. Police action in Military / Security studies and International relations, is a Euphemism for a military action undertaken without a formal Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. "LTTE" redirects here For the Led Zeppelin bootleg see Listen to This Eddie. "LTTE" redirects here For the Led Zeppelin bootleg see Listen to This Eddie.

Rajiv Gandhi refused to withdraw the IPKF, believing that the only way he could succeed in ending the civil war was to politically force Premadasa and militarily force the LTTE to accept the accord. Meanwhile in December 1989 Indian elections V.P.Singh became the Prime Minister and completed the pullout. Vishwanath Pratap Singh (विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह born 25 June 1931) was the 10th Prime Minister of the The IPKF operation cost over 1100 Indian soldiers lives and cost over 2000 crores.

Shah Bano case

Main article: Shah Bano case

In 1985, Supreme Court of India gave a judgement in favour of a Muslim divorcee Shah Bano that her husband should give alimony to her. The Shah Bano case is an infamous divorce lawsuit in India and has generated political controversy in the country The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Shah Bano case is an infamous divorce lawsuit in India and has generated political controversy in the country Muslim fundamentalists in India treated it as an encroachment in Muslim Personal Law and protested against it. Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi, agreed to their demands and cited the gesture as an example of "secularism". In 1986, the Congress (I) party, which had an absolute majority in Parliament at the time, passed an act that nullified the Supreme Court's judgement in the Shah Bano case.

Assassination

The stone mosaic that stands at the exact location where Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in Sriperumbudur
The stone mosaic that stands at the exact location where Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in Sriperumbudur
Main article: Rajiv Gandhi assassination

Rajiv Gandhi's last public meeting was at Sriperumbudur on May 21, 1991, in a village approximately 30-miles from Madras, Tamil Nadu, where he was assassinated while campaigning for the Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha Congress candidate. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, the seventh Prime Minister of India, took place in Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu, India on 21 May WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India [9] The assassination was carried out by the LTTE suicide bomber Thenmuli Rajaratnam also known as Gayatri and Dhanu. Thenmuli Rajaratnam (died 21 May 1991) was the

At 10:10 p. m. , the assassin Dhanu approached him in a public meeting and greeted the former Prime Minister. She then bent down to touch his feet (an expression of respect among Hindus) and detonated a belt laden with 700 grams of RDX explosive tucked below her dress. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, also known as RDX, cyclonite, hexogen, and T4, is an Explosive Nitroamine widely used [10] The former Prime Minister along with many others were killed in the explosion that followed. The assassination was caught on film through the lens of a local photographer, whose camera and film were found at the site. The cameraman himself also died in the blast but the camera remained intact.

The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial was built at the site recently and is one of the major tourist attractions to the small industrial town. The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial is a Memorial to the late Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi at the site where he was assassinated at Sriperumbudur

The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial at Sriperumbudur.
The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial at Sriperumbudur. The Rajiv Gandhi Memorial is a Memorial to the late Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi at the site where he was assassinated at Sriperumbudur WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian

As per the Supreme Court judgement, by Judge Thomas, the killing was carried out due to personal animosity of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) chief Prabhakaran towards Mr Rajiv Gandhi arising out of his sending the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka and the alleged IPKF atrocities against Srilankan Tamils. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. "LTTE" redirects here For the Led Zeppelin bootleg see Listen to This Eddie. Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF; Hindi: भारतीय शान्ति सेना was the Indian military contingent performing a Peacekeeping The judgement further cites the death of Thileepan in a hunger strike and the suicide by 12 LTTE cadres in a vessel in Oct 1987. Thileepan also known as Lt Col Thileepan (1962 &ndash 26 Sep, 1987) was a LTTE political wing member who died during a Hunger strike

In the Jain Commission report, various people and agencies are named as suspected of having been involved in the murder of Rajiv Gandhi. Among them, the cleric Chandraswami was suspected of involvement, including financing the assassination. Chandraswami (formerly Nemi Chand Jain) (born 1950 is a controversial Indian Tantrik (who can allegedly perform miracles [11][12] [13] The interim report of the Jain Commission created a storm when it accused Karunanidhi of a role in the assassination, leading to Congress withdrawing its support for the I. K. Gujral government and fresh elections in 1998. Inder Kumar Gujral (इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल (born 4 December 1919 was the 13th Prime Minister of the Republic of India. LTTE spokesman Anton Balasingham told the Indian television channel NDTV that the killing was a "great tragedy, a monumental historical tragedy which we deeply regret. NDTV (New Delhi Television Limited, founded in 1988 is India 's largest private Television production house " [14][15] A memorial christened Veer Bhumi was constructed at his cremation spot. Raj Ghat, a Memorial to Mahatma Gandhi is a simple black marble platform that marks the spot of his Cremation on 31 January, 1948

References

  1. ^ statement of Prof (Dr. ) Sumanta Niyogi, former of Head of the Dept. of History Patna University, Patna. Paṭnā ( Hindi: पटना is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconference/message/545
  2. ^ BBC NEWS | World | South Asia | Indian minister quits over riots
  3. ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1504/15040190.htm
  4. ^ BBC NEWS | World | South Asia | Leaders 'incited' anti-Sikh riots
  5. ^ BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1984: Rajiv Gandhi wins landslide election victory
  6. ^ BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1984: Rajiv Gandhi wins landslide election victory
  7. ^ Rajiv Gandhi cleared over bribery
  8. ^ Sri Lanka Truth
  9. ^ Rediff On The NeT: Sonia checks her emotions, but her interpreter goes full throttle
  10. ^ The Nation: Terrorism: The RDX Files
  11. ^ outlookindia.com
  12. ^ Probe Chandraswami's role in Rajiv case - Jain report
  13. ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec112004/i2.asp.
  14. ^ We deeply regret Rajiv's death: LTTE
  15. ^ BBC NEWS | South Asia | Tamil Tiger 'regret' over Gandhi

External links

Further reading

Preceded by
Indira Gandhi		 Prime Minister of India
1984–1989		 Succeeded by
V P Singh
Preceded by
Narayan Dutt Tiwari		 Minister for External Affairs of India
1987–1988		 Succeeded by
P. V. Narasimha Rao
Persondata
NAME Gandhi, Rajiv Ratna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES गान्धी, राजीव
SHORT DESCRIPTION Prime Minister of India
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1991
PLACE OF DEATH Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India
RD Pradhan is an ex-administrator and bureaucrat in the Indian Government Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Vishwanath Pratap Singh (विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह born 25 June 1931) was the 10th Prime Minister of the Narayan Dutt Tiwari (born October 18, 1925) is an Indian politician The External Affairs Minister or the Indian Foreign Minister is a position of office at cabinet level within the Government of India. Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (పాములపర్తి వెంకట నరసింహారావు (28 June 1921 &ndash 23 December 2004 was the 12th Prime Minister Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sriperumpudur is a Panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
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