A raion (or rayon) (Russian and Ukrainian: райо́н, IPA: [ra'jon]; Azerbaijani: rayon; Belarusian: раён; Georgian: რაიონი, raioni; Latvian: rajons; Lithuanian: rajonas; Romanian and Moldovan: raion) is one of two kinds of administrative subdivisions in languages of some post-Soviet states: a subnational entity and a subdivision of a city. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. Latvian language (latviešu valoda is the official state language of Latvia. Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance History and politics The post-Soviet states, also commonly known as former Soviet republics, are the 15 independent nations that split off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Examples of administrative divisions English terms In many of the following terms corresponding to British cultural influence areas of relatively low mean population In these senses the term is almost always translated as "district". Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government.
Raion is a subnational entity of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 As an administrative subdivision, the term, of French origin, was introduced by the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929 that transformed many former volosts and uyezds of the Russian Empire into raions. Volost or volost' was a traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe. Uyezd or uezd (уе́зд uˈjɛst was an admistrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, and Russian Empire used from the 13th century originally The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya
A raion is usually an entity two steps below the national level. It can be a subordinate part:
- of a voblasts' (in Belarus);
- of an oblast, a krai, a republic, an autonomous okrug, or a big city (in Russia);
- of a small Soviet republic (SSR), oblast, krai, republic, or a big city of a large SSR (in the now-defunct Soviet Union);
- of an oblast, a big city, or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (in Ukraine). Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Krai or kray (край is a term used to refer to nine of Russia 's 83 federal subjects. The Russian Federation is divided into 83 federal subjects (constituent units 21 of which are Republics. Autonomous Okrug (district area region is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым
Typically, raions have some degree of self-governance in the form of a popularly elected district council (raysovet) and the local head of administration, sometimes elected and sometimes appointed.
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Raions in the Russian Federation
Administrative raion
Subdivision into raions largely remained after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 Raion can be an administrative division of a federal subject or of a big city. Russia is a Federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status In some federal subjects, however, the terminology changed to reflect national specifics:
- Sakha (Yakutia) Republic—ulus (улус)
- Tuva Republic—kozhuun (кожуун)
Municipal raion
A municipal raion (municipal district) (муниципа́льный райо́н) is a type of municipal formation which comprises a group of urban and/or rural settlements, as well as inter-settlement territories, sharing a common territory. An ulus (улу́с улуус is a type of an administrative-territorial unit in two of the republics of Russia. Tyva Republic (Респу́блика Тыва́ Respublika Tyva, rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva Тыва Республика Tyva Respublika) or Tuva Kozhuun (кожуун is a unit of administrative division of the Tyva Republic of Russia. Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of Municipal districts are commonly formed within the boundaries of existing administrative districts, although in practice there are some exceptions to this rule—Neryungrinsky Municipal District in the Sakha Republic, for example, is formed around the town of Neryungri, which neither has a status, nor is a part of any administrative district. Neryungri (Не́рюнгри is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia.
See also
- Subdivisions of Russia
- Subdivisions of Ukraine
- Subdivisions of Azerbaijan
- Subdivisions of Belarus
- Districts of Latvia
- Administrative divisions of Moldova
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