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Raimon de Cornet or Ramon de Cornet (fl. 1324–1340) was a fourteenth-century Toulousain priest, friar, grammarian, poet, and troubadour. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350 He was a prolific author of verse; more than forty of his poems survive, most in Occitan but two in Latin. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. He also wrote letters, a didactic poem (sometimes classed as the last ensenhamen), a grammar, and some treatises on computation (i. An ensenhamen (meaning "instruction" or "teaching" ensenyament enseignement insegnamento was an Occitan didactic (often lyric) Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Computation is a general term for any type of Information processing. e. practical mathematics). Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and He was the "last of the troubadours" and represented l'esprit le plus brillant (the most brilliant spirit) of the "Toulousain School". The Consistori del Gay (or Gai) Saber ("Consistory of the Gay Science" commonly called the Consistori de Tolosa ("Consistory of Toulouse" [1] He appears in contemporary documents with the titles En (sir, also mossen) and Frare (brother, also fray, frai, or frayre). Sir is an Honorific used as a title (see Knight) and in several other modern contexts A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service

Raimon's magnum opus is his Doctrinal de trobar (doctrines of composition) composed around 1324 and dedicated to Peter IV of Aragon. Magnum opus (sometimes Opus magnum, plural magna opera) from the Latin meaning great work, refers to the best the greatest Peter IV (also known as Pedro or Pere 5 September 1319, Balaguer – 5 January 1387) called the Ceremonious ( el Ceremonioso The Doctrinal follows the grammar put forward later by the Consistori del Gay Saber of Guilhem Molinier and it is structurally identical to Guilhem's Leys d'amor. The Consistori del Gay (or Gai) Saber ("Consistory of the Gay Science" commonly called the Consistori de Tolosa ("Consistory of Toulouse" Both works spend a good deal of space quoting illustrative passages from the greatest troubadours of the past. The Doctrinal is considered the first work of the Gay Saber tradition. In a passage praising the pleasure of poetry, Raimon lists many of the traditional genres, which he and others like him had helped to define:

Dont tug que may tot jorn prendo plazer. . .
Verses, chansos, siruentes, pastorelas,
Dansas, descortz, redondels, viandelas,
Am bel so gay, melodios, plazen,
Balan, trescan o lors obran fazen;
E motas vetz, per fugir ad enueg,
Per los jorns loncz, o can fa longa nueg,
Legen dictatz, gestas o bels romans.
From which a great number of people always take pleasure. . .
verses, chansos, sirventes, pastorelas,
dansas, descortz, redondels, viandelas,
with pretty tunes, gay, melodious, and pleasurable,
as they dance and leap around or do their work;
and, frequently, to raise their spirits
on long days, or when the nights are long,
they read verses, tales or romances. The canso or canço is a Song style used by the Troubadours It consists of three parts The sirventes or serventes ( Mistralian norm sirventès) is a Genre of Occitan Lyric poetry used by The pastorela ("little/young shepherdess" diminutive of pastora, feminine of pastor, meaning "shepherd" was an Occitan A dansa or dança was an Occitan form of Lyric poetry developed in the late thirteenth century among the Troubadours It The descort or descortz is a Subgenre of Occitan Lyric poetry used by the Troubadours It is a song heavily discordant [2]

Raimon strongly supported the Crusaders and bitterly opposed the clergy, Avignon Papacy, and eventually Philip VI of France. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Anti-clericalism is a historical movement that opposes Religious (generally Catholic institutional power and influence real or alleged in all aspects of public and political In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the He wrote two "Crusade songs". The earlier one was composed in 1332, when Philip VI announced his intention of going on Crusade in July. Raimon suggests that the king should impose a tax on those men who do not join the Crusade, and in any case those who remain in France should pray two or three times daily for those who do go to the Holy Land. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש He notes that missionaries will inevitably accompany the host and attempt to convert the "Saracens". A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. The second song, composed in 1336, is an attack on Philip for not completing his promised Crusade.

Raimon's poem Quar mot orne fan vers contains the earliest reference to basse danse. The basse danse, or "low dance" was the most popular Court dance in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries especially at the Burgundian In describing the profession of the jongleurs he notes that they rapidly pick up the bassas dansas. minstrel was a medieval European Bard who performed songs whose lyrics told stories about distant places or about real or imaginary historical events This reference predates any other by a century. [3]

Eighteen of Raimon's lyric poems are preserved in the final, unfinished folios of the Cançoner Gil, known as troubadour MS Sg or Z, now MS 146 in the Biblioteca de Catalunya in Barcelona. The Cançoner Gil is an Occitan Chansonnier produced in Barcelona in the middle of the 14th century. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way The Biblioteca de Catalunya ( Catalan for Library of Catalonia) in Barcelona is the National library of Catalonia. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia In 1341, possibly in Raimon's lifetime, the Catalan poet Joan de Castellnou wrote a Glosari al Doctrinal de Ramon de Cornet, a gloss on the Doctrinal. The Catalans are the people from Catalonia, an Autonomous community of Spain, including people originating in that region but living elsewhere Joan de Castelnou or Castellnou (fl 1341&ndash1355 was a Troubadour of the Consistori del Gay Saber active in Toulouse. This article is about the literary term For other uses see Gloss (disambiguation.

Works in the Cançoner Gil

Canços
Sirventes
Vers ("truth" poems)
Tenço
Unclassified

References

External links

Notes

  1. ^ Paden, "The Troubadours and the Albigensian Crusade", p. The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the Fordham University History Department and Center for Medieval Studies 181.
  2. ^ Zeeman, "The Lover-Poet", p. 826.
  3. ^ Aubrey, "References", p. 119.
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