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Radola Gajda, born as Rudolf Geidl, (February 14, 1892 Kotor, Austria-Hungary – April 15, 1948 Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech military commander and politician. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Kotor ( Cyrillic script: Котор Acruvium Greek Askrèvion, Ασκρηβιον; Italian Cattaro is a coastal town in Montenegro Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person

Contents

Early years

Geidl's father was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army based in Kotor. The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy (1867 - 1918 His mother was a poor Montenegrin noblewoman. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Later, the family moved to Kyjov, Moravia, where Geidl studied at a secondary grammar school. Kyjov is name of several locations in the Czech Republic: Kyjov, a town in South Moravian Region ( Hodonín District) Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. In 1910 he went through one year of compulsory military service in Mostar. Demographics 1971 Croats - 37782 (396% Bosniaks ( ie Bosnian Muslims - 33645 (36 Afterwards Geidl left for the Balkans and likely took part in the Balkan Wars (1912–3). The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common At the start of World War I he rejoined the Austro-Hungarian Army and served in Dalmatia and Sarajevo. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with In September 1915 he was taken prisoner in Višegrad, Bosnia. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Višegrad ( Cyrillic: Вишеград is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan

Legions

Immediately after his capture, Geidl switched sides and was commissioned as a captain in the Montenegrin Army. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Having some experience as an apothecary he pretended to be a physician. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health [1] Following the collapse of the Montenegrin Army in 1916, Gajda escaped into Russia where he joined a Serbian battalion as a physician. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya

At the end of 1916 the battalion was destroyed and Gajda joined the Czechoslovak Legions (January 30, 1917) as a staff captain. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Czechoslovak Legions ( Československé legie in Czech and Slovak were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Gajda proved himself as an able commander in the Battle of Zborov and quickly rose through the military hierarchy. Battle of Zborov ( bitva u Zborova in Czech and Slovak language was a small part of the Kerensky Offensive (the last Russian offensive in World War

During the evacuation of the Legion in 1918 via the Trans-Siberian railway violence erupted between the Legion and the Bolsheviks. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Czechoslovak soldiers quickly occupied large tracts of the railway east of the Volga. Gajda commanded the area from Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk) north to Irkutsk. History The city was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river Ob, and was known as Irkutsk (Ирку́тск Эрхүү Erkhüü; Эрхүү Erkhüü) is one of the largest cities in Siberia and the administrative center of Aggressive tactics, sometimes against the orders of his superiors, helped to defeat the Bolshevik forces and connect all units of the Legion. This contributed to his conflict with Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (ˈtomaːʃ ˈɡarɪk ˈmasarɪk sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English ( March 7, 1850 – September 14, [1]

The most successful operation was the capture of Perm (December 24 1918) where the Legion took 20,000 prisoners and seized 5,000 railway cars, 60 cannon, 1,000 machine guns and the fleet frozen in the Kama River. Perm (Пермь pʲɛrmʲ is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Kama (река́ Ка́ма is a major river in Russia, the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge in fact it is larger than Gajda's enjoyed widespread popularity amongst his troops and throughout the White movement. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard He was promoted to Major-General and nicknamed "the Siberian Ataman" and "the Siberian Tiger. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries " He later accepted an invitation from Aleksandr Kolchak to become a commander in his army. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к &ndash February 7, 1920) was a Russian naval commander

His career with Kolchak was less successful—the Red Army has begun to take the initiative while Kolchak's forces dwindled away. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Gajda, out of Kolchak's favor, was dismissed on July 5, 1919. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After involving himself in the unsuccessful mutiny of Esers against Kolchak (17 November 1919) he escaped from Siberia and took ship to Europe. The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (the PSR the SRs, or Esers; Партия социалистов-революционеров (ПСР эсеры was a Russian Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving

Military career in Czechoslovakia

After arriving in Czechoslovakia in early 1920 Gajda was given a pension and the rank of General, but was not assigned a command. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar In November 1920 he was sent to study military theory at the École supérieure de guerre in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He also studied agriculture at the Institute technique de practique agricole.

Gajda returned two years later and on October 9, 1922 was given command of the 11th Division in Košice, Slovakia. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Košice (; Hungarian: Kassa; (also known by other alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million His involvement in the cultural life of the region soon endeared him to the locals. On December 1, 1924 he was named Deputy Chief of the General Staff in Prague under General Eugéne Mittelhauser, head of French military mission in Czechoslovakia. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2] Gajda became a rival of Mittelhauser and Mittelhauser's predecessor Maurice Pellé. [1] In this capacity, Gajda worked successfully to limit the influence of the mission, which was brought to an end in 1926. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On March 20, 1926 he became Acting Chief of the General Staff. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In his position he backed up former legionars against former loyalist Austrian officers.

Under pressure from president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Gajda was forced to retire. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (ˈtomaːʃ ˈɡarɪk ˈmasarɪk sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English ( March 7, 1850 – September 14, He had publicly shown himself sympathetic to Italian fascism. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Combined with envy, political intrigue and fear of a military coup (similar to the contemporary May Coup in Poland) this led to the dismissal of the ambitious general. The May Coup d'Etat ( Polish: Przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a Coup d'état successfully carried out in Poland by Józef Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

Politician

Grave of Radola Gajda in Prague (2003), damaged by vandals in April 2007
Grave of Radola Gajda in Prague (2003), damaged by vandals in April 2007

Still a young man of 34, Gajda decided to turn to politics. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. At the end of 1926 he took part in the founding of the National Fascist Community (Czech: Národní obec fašistická, NOF), modeled on Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and became its leader on January 2, 1927. The National Fascist Community ( Czech: Národní obec fašistická, NOF, sometimes translated as National Fascist League) was a Czechoslovakian Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The National Fascist Party ( Partito Nazionale Fascista; PNF was an Italian party created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1929 the party took several seats in parliament. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1931 Gajda was briefly imprisoned and stripped of military rank due to a prior scandal. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

During the night of 21/22 1933 the Židenice Mutiny broke out in Brno. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brno ( IPA:; Brünn is the second-largest City in the Czech Republic. This was an attempt on the part of 70 to 80 local fascists to overthrow the government by means of a military coup. The mutiny was immediately suppressed. Gajda was arrested the next day and charged with inciting the coup. Initially he was absolved of wrongdoing but after political pressure the verdict was revised. Gajda was sentenced to six months in prison and the forfeiture of his military pension.

The NOF was somewhat successful in the 1935 elections and Gajda obtained a seat in parliament, which he was to hold until 1939. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. At this time, the NOF had a strong anti-German orientation, supported a military buildup and favored war with Nazi Germany over the Sudetenland. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Sudetenland ( Czech and Polish: Sudety) is the German name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the western regions of (After the Munich Agreement Gajda, as a gesture of defiance, returned all French and British honors and medals. The Munich Agreement (Mnichovská dohoda Mníchovská dohoda Münchner Abkommen Accords de Munich was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland, which were areas along borders ) In 1939 he was rehabilitated and restored to the rank of General. He also became active in the newly established Party of National Unity (Czech: Strana národní jednoty). The Party of National Unity ( Czech language: Strana národní jednoty or Strana národního sjednocení) was a party created on 21 November 1938 Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the

During March 1939 the Czechoslovakian political scene was in state of turmoil. Several coups were attempted, one in anticipation of making Gajda the new head of state. These amateurish coups ended in fiasco and several days later the remaining Czech lands were occupied by Nazi Germany.

Gajda was marginalized during the occupation and abandoned politics. He occasionally assisted the Czech resistance by helping army officers to flee into Poland and by hiding the resistance activities of his son. Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II is a scarcely documented subject by and large a result of little formal resistance and an effective German He was investigated by the Gestapo but avoided imprisonment. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany

When World War II ended Gajda was imprisoned by the NKVD (May 12, 1945) and interrogated under harsh conditions (he lost his eyesight while jailed). World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar In April 1947 he was brought to trial for "propagation of Fascism and Nazism," for which the prosecutor requested a life sentence. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gajda's guilt was far from clear and the resulting sentence of two years allowed him to leave prison shortly thereafter. Penniless and forgotten, he died several months later.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Milan Nakonečný: Zneuctěný a zapomenutý hrdina (PDF) (Czech)

References

External links

Milan Nakonečný (* February 8, 1932, Horažďovice) is Czech psychologist ( Professor of psychology and historian
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