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RMS Queen Mary, Long Beach, 2007
Career
Name: RMS Queen Mary
Operator: Cunard Line
Port of Registry: Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Ordered: 3 April 1929
Builder: John Brown and Company
 Clydebank, Scotland
Laid down: 1 December 1930
Launched: 26 September 1934
Christened: 26 September 1934
Maiden voyage: 27 May 1936
Out of service: 1 December 1967(Retired)
Status: Now hotel / restaurant / museum,
Long Beach, California
General characteristics
Tonnage: 81,237 GT (gross tonnage)
Displacement: 81,961 tonnes
Length: 1,019. Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John Brown and Company of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, was a pre-eminent Shipbuilder, responsible for building many notable Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast Gross tonnage (often abbreviated as GT, GT or gt) is a unitless index related to a ship's overall internal volume 4 ft (310. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 7 m) oa
965 ft (294. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Length overall, often abbreviated as ( LOA, o/a, oa or oa) refers to the maximum length of a vessel from the two points on the hull most distant 1 m) B.P.
Beam: 118. Length between perpendiculars, often abbreviated as p/p, pp, pp or LBP is a term describing the length of a Ship. 5 ft (36. 1 m)
Height: 181 ft (55. 2 m)
Draft: 39 ft (11. 9 m)
Propulsion: 160,000 shaft hp Parsons double reduction steam turbines
max. 200,000 shaft hp steam turbines, 4 shafts
Speed: approximately 28. 5 kn (52. 8 km/h/32. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. 8 mph) service speed.
Capacity: 2139 passengers: 776 first (cabin) class, 784 tourist class, 579 third class
Crew: 1101 crew
Queen Mary 1936
Queen Mary 1936

RMS Queen Mary is an ocean liner that sailed the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967 for the Cunard Line (then Cunard White Star Line). Royal Mail Ship (sometimes Steam-ship, Steamer) usually seen in its abbreviated form RMS, is the Ship prefix used for seagoing vessels that An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( Built by John Brown and Company, Clydebank, Scotland, she was designed to be the first of Cunard's planned two-ship weekly express service from Southampton to Cherbourg to New York, in answer to the mainland European superliners of the late twenties and early thirties. John Brown and Company of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, was a pre-eminent Shipbuilder, responsible for building many notable Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European A superliner is an Ocean liner of over 10000 gross tons The term was coined in the late 19th century when ocean liners were rapidly increasing in size and speed The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Queen Mary and her slightly larger and younger running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth commenced this two-ship service after their release from World War II troop transport duties and continued it for two decades until Queen Mary's retirement in 1967. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out The ship is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is permanently berthed in Long Beach, California serving as a museum ship and hotel. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast For ships that are not original see Ship replica. For preserved incomplete ships see Ships preserved in museums. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis The Queen Mary celebrated the 70th anniversary of her launch in both Clydebank and in Long Beach during 2004, and the 70th anniversary of her maiden voyage in 2006. Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland

Contents

Naming and construction

With Germany launching their Bremen and Europa into service, the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. History Bremen and her sister were designed to have a cruising speed of 27 History Europa and her sister were designed to have a cruising speed of 27 White Star Line started construction of their 60,000 ton Oceanic and Cunard decided to construct their 75,000 ton ship which was not yet named. The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping In the 1920s the White Star Line gave the shipbuilders Harland and Wolff the commission to build the first -long Ocean liner, with the planned name of Oceanic

The ship was named after Queen Mary, the consort of King George V. Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953 was the queen-empress consort of George V of the United Kingdom Until her launch she was known simply as Cunard hull No. Cunard may refer to Nancy Cunard (1896–1965 English writer editor and publisher Samuel Cunard (1787–1865 British shipping 534, since the name she was to be given was kept a closely guarded secret. Legend has it that Cunard intended to name the ship "Victoria", in keeping with company tradition of giving its ships names ending in "ia". Queen Victoria has been the name of several ships PS ''Queen Victoria'', a wooden paddlewheel steamer that was wrecked in 1853 off Bailey Lighthouse However, when company representatives asked the King's permission to name the ocean liner after Britain's "greatest queen", he said his wife, Queen Mary, would be delighted. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953 was the queen-empress consort of George V of the United Kingdom And so, the legend goes, the delegation had of course no other choice but to report that No. 534 would be called RMS Queen Mary. However, this story was denied by company officials, and is probably apocryphal, since traditionally the names of sovereigns have only been used for capital ships of the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) It is more likely that the name Queen Mary was decided on as a compromise between Cunard and the White Star Line, with which Cunard had recently merged, who had a tradition of using names ending in "ic". The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping

Construction began in December 1930 on the River Clyde by the John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering shipyard at Clydebank Scotland but was halted in December 1931 due to the Great Depression. The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. John Brown and Company of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, was a pre-eminent Shipbuilder, responsible for building many notable Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Cunard applied to the British Government for a loan to complete 534. The loan was granted, with enough money to complete the Queen Mary as well as enough to build a running mate, hull No. 552 which became Queen Elizabeth. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out One condition of the loan was that Cunard merge with the financially ailing White Star Line, which was Cunard's chief British rival at the time. Both lines agreed and the merger was completed in April 1934. Work on the Queen Mary resumed immediately and she was launched on 26 September 1934. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It had taken 3½ years and cost 3½ million pounds Sterling to complete her. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [1]

Much of the trim on the ship was designed and constructed by the Bromsgrove Guild. The Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts (1898&ndash1966 was a company of Modern artists and designers associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement, founded by [2]

History (1934-1939)

There was already a Clyde turbine steamer named Queen Mary, so Cunard White Star reached agreement with the owners that the existing steamer would be renamed TS Queen Mary II, and in 1934 the new liner was launched by Queen Mary as RMS Queen Mary. The era of the Clyde steamer in Scotland began in August 1812 with the very first successful commercial Steamboat service in Europe when Henry Bell 's The two funnel Clyde steamer TS Queen Mary was built at the William Denny Shipyard at Dumbarton for Williamson-Buchanan

The first incident in what was to be an eventful career occurred just after the naming ceremony. On her way down the slipway, the Queen Mary began increase her speed towards the water and she almost overshot her projected stopping point in the Clyde racing onwards towards the opposite bank before the drag chains took full effect. A slipway, boat slip or just a slip, is a ramp on the shore by which Ships or Boats can be moved to and from the water The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland.

When she sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton England on 27 May 1936 she was commanded by Sir Edgar T Britten, who had been the master designate for Cunard whilst the ship was under construction at the John Brown shipyard, the Queen Mary had a gross tonnage (GT) of 80,774 tons. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gross tonnage (often abbreviated as GT, GT or gt) is a unitless index related to a ship's overall internal volume Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United [3] Her rival, Normandie, which originally grossed 79,280 tonnes had been modified the preceding winter (an enclosed tourist lounge was built on the aft boat deck on the area where the game court was) to increase her size to 83,243 GT, and therefore kept the title of the largest ocean liner. Origin The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans [4] The Queen Mary sailed at high speeds for most of her maiden voyage to New York until heavy fog forced a reduction of speed at the final days of the crossing. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

The Observation Bar lounge. The windows were once part of the enclosed Promenade Deck turnaround; the lounge was extended forward after 1967.
The Observation Bar lounge. The windows were once part of the enclosed Promenade Deck turnaround; the lounge was extended forward after 1967.

The Queen Mary's design was criticized for being too traditional, especially when the Normandie's hull was revolutionary with a clipper-shaped, streamlined bow. A hull is the body of a Ship or Boat. It is a central concept in floating vessels as it provides the Buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking The bow (pronounced &mdashrhymes with how) is a nautical term that refers to the forward part of the hull of a Ship or Boat, Except for her spoon-shaped cruiser stern, she seemed to be simply a bulkier version of her Cunard predecessors from the pre-World War I era. The stern is the rear or aft part of a Ship or Boat, technically defined as the area built up over the Sternpost, extending upwards from the Counter World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Her interior design, while mostly Art Deco, still seemed restrained and conservative when compared to the ultramodern French liner. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial However, the Queen Mary proved to be a more popular vessel than its largest rival, in terms of passengers carried.

In August 1936, Queen Mary captured the Blue Riband from Normandie, with average speeds of 30. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. 14 knots (55. 82 km/h) westbound and 30. 63 knots eastbound. Normandie was refitted with a new set of propellors in 1937 and reclaimed the honour, but in 1938 Queen Mary took back the Blue Riband in both directions with average speeds of 30. 99 knots (57. 39 km/h) westbound and 31. 69 knots eastbound, records which stood until lost to the SS United States in 1952. Construction Inspired by the exemplary service of the British liners and which transported hundreds of thousands of U

Interior

The First Class dining room map on the Queen Mary, which tracked the ship's progress across the Atlantic Ocean.
The First Class dining room map on the Queen Mary, which tracked the ship's progress across the Atlantic Ocean.

Onboard amenities on the Queen Mary varied according to class, with First Class passengers accorded the most space and luxury. First class is the most luxurious class of accommodation on a Train, Passenger ship, Airplane, or other conveyance Among facilities available on board the Queen Mary, the liner featured an indoor swimming pool, salon, ship's library, children's nursery, outdoor paddle tennis court, and ship's kennel. The largest room was the first-class dining room (grand salon), which spanned two stories in height and was anchored by wide columns. The indoor swimming pool facility also spanned over two decks in height.

The first-class dining room featured a large map of the transatlantic crossing, with twin tracks symbolizing the westbound and eastbound routes. During each crossing, a motorized model of the Queen Mary would indicate the vessel's progress en route. After the debut of her sister Queen Elizabeth, the dining room map featured models of both vessels, allowing passengers to observe the moment when both vessels would converge mid-ocean.

The First Class dining room on the Queen Mary, also known as the Grand Salon.
The First Class dining room on the Queen Mary, also known as the Grand Salon.

As an alternative to the first-class dining room, the Queen Mary featured a separate Verandah Grill on the Sun Deck at the upper aft of the ship. The Verandah Grill was an exclusive à la carte restaurant with a capacity of approximately 80 passengers, and was converted to the Starlight Club at night. À la carte or a la carte (a la kart is a French expression meaning "from the card" and it is used in Restaurant Terminology Also on board was the Observation Bar, an Art Deco-styled lounge, with wide ocean views.

Woods from different regions of the British Empire were used in her public rooms and staterooms. Accommodations ranged from fully-equipped, luxurious first-class staterooms to modest and cramped third class cabins.

World War II

Arriving in New York Harbor, 20 June 1945, with thousands of U.S. troops.
Arriving in New York Harbor, 20 June 1945, with thousands of U. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar S. troops.

In late August 1939, the Queen Mary was on a return run from New York to Southampton. However, the international situation led to her being escorted by the battlecruiser HMS Hood. History Construction Construction of Hood began at the John Brown & Company shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, on 1 September She arrived safely, and set out again for New York on 1 September. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. By the time she arrived, the Second World War had started and she was ordered to remain in post until further notice alongside the Normandie. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1940 the Queen Mary and the Normandie were joined in New York by Queen Mary's new running mate Queen Elizabeth fresh from her secret dash from the Clydebank. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out The three largest liners in the world sat idle for some time until the Allied commanders decided that all three ships could be used as troopships (unfortunately, the Normandie would be destroyed by fire during her troopship conversion). The Queen Mary left New York for Sydney, where she, along with several other liners, was converted into a troopship to carry Australian and New Zealand soldiers to the United Kingdom. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Eventually joined by the Queen Elizabeth, they were the largest and fastest troopships involved in the war, often carrying as many as 15,000 men in a single voyage, and often travelling out of convoy and without escort. During this period, because of their wartime grey camouflage livery and elusiveness, both Queens received the nickname "The Grey Ghost". Their high speed meant that it was virtually impossible for U-Boats to catch them. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Once, Germany was nearly successful; whilst the Queen Mary was in South American waters, a radio signal was intercepted which indicated that spies had reported her last refuelling stop and a U-Boat was waiting on her line of voyage. After being alerted, the Queen Mary changed course and escaped.

On 2 October 1942, Queen Mary accidentally sank one of her escorts, slicing through the light cruiser HMS Curacoa off the Irish coast, with the loss of 338 lives. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Due to the constant danger of being attacked by U-Boats, on board the Queen Mary Captain C. Gordon Illinsworth was under strict orders not to stop for any reason, the Royal Navy destroyers accompanying the Queen were ordered to reverse course and rescue any survivors.

In December 1942, the Queen Mary was carrying exactly 16,082 American troops from New York to Great Britain, a standing record for the most passengers ever transported on one vessel. [5] While 700 miles from Scotland during a gale, she was suddenly hit broadside by a rogue wave that may have reached a height of 28 metres (92 ft). Rogue waves, also known as freak waves, monster waves or extreme waves, are relatively large and spontaneous Ocean surface waves that are a threat An account of this crossing can be found in Walter Ford Carter's book, No Greater Sacrifice, No Greater Love. Carter's father, Dr. Norval Carter, part of the 110th Station Hospital on board at the time, wrote that at one point the Queen Mary "damned near capsized. . . One moment the top deck was at its usual height and then, swoom! Down, over, and forward she would pitch. " The incident inspired Paul Gallico to write his story, The Poseidon Adventure, which was later made into a film by the same name, using the Queen Mary as a stand-in for the SS Poseidon. Paul William Gallico (July 26 1897&ndashJuly 15 1976 was a successful American novelist Short story and sports writer The Poseidon Adventure is an American Adventure novel by Paul Gallico, released in 1969. The SS Poseidon is a Fictional Ocean liner that first appeared in the 1969 novel The Poseidon Adventure by

During the war, the Queen Mary carried British Prime Minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic for meetings with fellow Allied forces officials, he would be listed on the passenger manifest as "Colonel Warden" and insisted that the lifeboat assigned to him had a . Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 303 machine gun fitted to it so he could "resist capture at all costs". [6]

After World War II

From September 1946 to July 1947, Queen Mary was refitted for passenger service, adding air conditioning and upgrading her berth configuration to 711 First class, 707 cabin class and 577 tourist class passengers. First class is the most luxurious class of accommodation on a Train, Passenger ship, Airplane, or other conveyance [7] Following refit, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth dominated the transatlantic passenger trade through the latter half of the 1940s and well into the 1950s. The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. But in 1958, the first transatlantic flight by a jet began a completely new era of competition for the Cunard Queens. Cunard may refer to Nancy Cunard (1896–1965 English writer editor and publisher Samuel Cunard (1787–1865 British shipping After many voyages, winters especially, Queen Mary sailed into harbor with more crew than passengers. By 1965, the entire Cunard fleet was leaving a trail of red ink. Hoping to continue financing their still under construction Queen Elizabeth 2, Cunard mortgaged the majority of the fleet. Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined Finally, under a combination of age, lack of public interest, inefficiency in a new market, and the damaging after-effects of the national seamen's strike, Cunard announced that Queen Mary would be sold. Many offers were submitted, but it was Long Beach, California who beat the Japanese scrap merchants. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast And so, Queen Mary was retired from service in 1967, while her running mate Queen Elizabeth was withdrawn in 1968. RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 took over the transatlantic route in 1969, and in turn was joined in 2004 by RMS Queen Mary 2. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings

First Class accommodations on the Queen Mary, converted into a present-day hotel room with modern curtains, bedding and amenities surrounded by original wood paneling, portholes and light fixtures.
First Class accommodations on the Queen Mary, converted into a present-day hotel room with modern curtains, bedding and amenities surrounded by original wood paneling, portholes and light fixtures.

The Queen Mary in Long Beach

The Queen Mary is now a hotel in Long Beach, California, alongside a Russian Foxtrot-class submarine
The Queen Mary is now a hotel in Long Beach, California, alongside a Russian Foxtrot-class submarine
Queen Mary's wireless radio room
Queen Mary's wireless radio room
The Queen Mary at night, with spotlight on the Soviet submarine B-427
The Queen Mary at night, with spotlight on the Soviet submarine B-427
The Queen Mary from the Northern side of Long Beach harbor
The Queen Mary from the Northern side of Long Beach harbor
A passageway in First Class accommodation
A passageway in First Class accommodation

After her retirement in 1967, she steamed to Long Beach, California on the west region of the United States, where she is now permanently moored as a tourist attraction. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Cuban Missile Crisis Foxtrots played a central role in some of the most dramatic incidents of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or " Wires quot See also ''B-39'', a Foxtrot on display in San Diego California. Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A tourist attraction is a place of interest where Tourists visit typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value historical significance natural or built beauty or From 1983 to 1993, the Queen Mary was accompanied by Howard Hughes' Spruce Goose, which was located in a large dome nearby (the dome is now used by Carnival Cruise Lines as a ship terminal, and prior to this was used as a soundstage). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Carnival Cruise Lines is a Cruise line operating a large number of Cruise ships. [8]

Long Beach however did not buy the Queen Mary to preserve her as an ocean liner—they needed her for another reason. Since they started drilling for oil in Long Beach Harbor, some of the money raised from it had been set aside in a fund called the "Tidelands Oil Fund. " Some of this money was allocated in 1958 to buy a maritime museum for Long Beach at some time in the future. The Queen Mary was purchased to act as the iconic host for this museum. It was purchased as a conveniently sized building with a popular history. [9]

Conversion

It had been decided to clear almost every area of the ship below C deck (called R deck after 1950-to lessen passenger confusion-all the restaurants were on "R" deck)) to make way for the museum. This would take the new museum space to 400,000 square feet. It would mean the removal of all the ship's boiler rooms, the forward engine room, both turbo-generator rooms, and the water softening plant. Only the aft-engine room and "shaft-alley", right at the stern of the ship, would be spared from the cutter's torch. Remaining space would be turned over to storage or office space. One of the first problems that arose during the conversion from ocean liner to tourist attraction was a dispute between land-based and maritime unions over who was going to convert the ship into a floating hotel. The United States Coast Guard had final say though, and deemed the Queen Mary a building, since most of her propellers had been removed and her machinery gutted.

With all of the lower decks nearly gutted from R-deck and down, it was up to Diner's Club, the initial lessee of the ship, to turn the rest of the former ocean liner into a hotel. Diners Club International, originally founded as Diners Club, is a charge card company formed in 1950 by Frank X But Diner's Club Queen Mary dissolved and vacated the ship in 1970 after their parent company, Diner's Club International was sold and a change in corporate direction was mandated. This happened in the middle of the conversion process. Specialty Restaurants a local Los Angeles based company that focused on theme based restaurants would take over as master lessee the following year.

During this conversion, the plan was to convert most of her first and second-class cabins on A and B decks only into hotel rooms, and convert the main lounges and dining rooms into banquet spaces. On Promenade Deck, the starboard promenade deck would be enclosed to feature an upscale restaurant and cafe called Lord Nelson's and Lady Hamilton's themed like early 19th century sailing ships. The famed and elegant Observation Bar was redecorated as a western themed bar.

The smaller first-class public rooms such as the Drawing Room, Library, Lecture Room and the Music studio would be stripped of most of their fittings and converted over to retail space, heavily expanding the retail presence on the ship. Two more shopping malls were built on the Sun Deck in a. ) space once used for first class cabins and in b. ) the space used as engineer's quarters.

A post-war feature of the ship, the first-class cinema, was removed for kitchen space for the new Promenade deck dining venues. The first-class lounge and smoking room were reconfigured and converted into banquet space, while the second-class smoking room would be subdivided into a wedding chapel and office space. On Sun Deck, the elegant Verandah Grill would be gutted and converted into a fast-food eatery, while a new upscale dining venue would be created directly above it on Sports Deck in space once used for crew quarters. The second-class lounges would be expanded to the sides of the ship and used for banqueting. On R-deck, the first-class restaurant was reconfigured and subdivided into two banquet venues, the Royal Salon and the Windsor Room. The second-class restaurant would be subdivided into kitchen storage and a crew mess hall, while the third-class dining room would initially be used as storage and crew space. Also on R-deck, the first-class Turkish bath complex, the 1930s equivalent to a spa, would also be removed. The second-class pool would be removed and its space initially used for office space, while the first-class swimming pool would be used for hotel guests. Combined with modern safety codes, and the structural soundness of the area directly below, the swimming pool is no longer in use.

There is not a single crew cabin left intact aboard the ship today. She now serves as a hotel, museum, tourist attraction, and for-rent site for events, but her financial results have been mixed. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis For ships that are not original see Ship replica. For preserved incomplete ships see Ships preserved in museums. A tourist attraction is a place of interest where Tourists visit typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value historical significance natural or built beauty or

The Queen Mary as a tourist attraction

On 8 May 1971, the Queen Mary finally opened its doors to tourists. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Initially, only portions of the ship were open to the public as Specialty Restaurants had yet to open its dining venues or the hotel. As a result, the ship was only open on weekends. In December of that year, Jacques Cousteau's Museum of the Sea opened, with only a quarter of the planned exhibits built. Jacques-Yves Cousteau ( 11 June 1910 – 25 June 1997) was a French naval officer explorer, Ecologist, Within the decade, Cousteau's museum closed due to low ticket sales. In November of the following year, the hotel opened its initial 150 guest rooms. Hyatt operated the hotel from 1974 to 1980, when the Jack Wrather Corporation signed a 66-year lease with the city of Long Beach to operate the entire property. Hyatt is an international brand of hotels within the Global Hyatt Corporation that operates numerous properties Wrather was taken over by the Walt Disney Company in 1988, Wrather owned the Disneyland Hotel, which Disney had been trying to buy for 30 years; the Queen Mary was thus an afterthought and was never marketed as a Disney property. The Disneyland Hotel is a Hotel in Anaheim California, notable as the first hotel to officially bear the Disney name Through the late eighties and early nineties, the Queen Mary continued to struggle financially. During the Disney years, Disney planned to develop a theme park on the remaining land. This theme park eventually opened a decade later in Japan as DisneySea, with a recreated oceanliner resembling the Queen Mary as its centerpiece. is a 176 acre (714000 m² Theme park at the Tokyo Disney Resort located in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, just outside of Tokyo. Hotel Queen Mary closed in 1992 when Disney gave up the lease on the ship to focus its attention on what would eventually become Disney's California Adventure. Disney's California Adventure Park (commonly referred to by its initials DCA) is a Theme park in Anaheim California, adjacent to Disneyland Park The tourist attraction remained open for another two months, but by the end of 1992, the Queen Mary completely closed its doors to tourists and visitors.

In February of 1993, under the direction of President and C. E. O. Joseph F. Prevratil, RMS Foundation, Inc began a five-year lease with the city of Long Beach to act as the operators of the property. Later that month, the tourist attraction reopened completely, while the hotel reopened in March. In 1995, RMS's lease was extended to twenty years while the extent of the lease was reduced to simply operation of the ship itself. A new company, Queen's Seaport Development, Inc. (QSDI) came into existence in 1995 controlling the real estate adjacent to the vessel. In 1998, the City of Long Beach extended the QSDI lease to 66 years. In 2005, QSDI sought Chapter 11 protection due to a rent credit dispute with the City. In 2006, the bankruptcy court requested bids from parties interesting in taking over the lease from QSDI. The minimum required opening bid was $41M. The operation of the ship, by RMS, remained independent of the bankruptcy. O&S Holdings of Santa Monica Ca was the only group to qualify as of July 2007. At the auction for the ships lease and development rights, a group called Save the Queen, won the lease and plans to refurbish the ship, and develop a Universal Citywalk type Theme resort, shared with Carnival Cruise Lines, and the ships previous operators, The RMS Foundation, which will include, a marina, hotels, retail, and restaurants.

Meeting of the Queens

Queen Mary 2 visits the original Queen Mary (front) in Long Beach, California.
Queen Mary 2 visits the original Queen Mary (front) in Long Beach, California. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings Long Beach is a city located in southern California, USA, on the Pacific coast California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

On 23 February 2006, the RMS Queen Mary 2 saluted her predecessor as it made its port of call in Los Angeles Harbor, while on a cruise to Mexico. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The event was covered heavily by local media; international media were there as well.

Ship's horn

The salute itself was carried out with the Queen Mary blowing her one working air horn in response to the Queen Mary 2 blowing her combination of two brand new horns pointing forward and an original 1932 Queen Mary horn (donated by the City of Long Beach) aimed aft. [10] The Queen Mary originally had three whistles tuned to 55 Hz, a frequency chosen because it was low enough that the extremely loud sound of it would not be painful to human ears. [11] Modern IMO regulations specify ships' horn frequencies to be in the range 70-200 Hz for vessels that are over 200 metres (660 ft) in length. The International Maritime Organization ( IMO) formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ( IMCO) is a late 20th century [12] Traditionally, the lower the frequency, the larger the ship. The Queen Mary 2, being 345 metres (1,130 ft) long, was given the lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) for her regulation whistles, in addition to the refurbished 55 Hz whistle on permanent loan. 55 Hz is the lower bass "A" note found an octave up from the lowest note of a piano keyboard. The air-driven Tyfon whistle can be heard at least ten miles away. [13]

W6RO

The Queen Mary's original, professionally manned wireless radio room was destroyed once the ship arrived in Long Beach. In its place an amateur radio room was created one deck above the original radio reception room with some of the discarded original radio equipment used for display purposes only. The amateur radio station with the call sign W6RO ("Whiskey Six Romeo Oscar") relies on volunteers from a local amateur radio club. They are there most of the time when the ship is open to the public, and the radios can also be used by other licensed amateur radio operators. [14][15][16]

In honor of his over forty years of dedication to W6RO and the Queen Mary, in November 2007 the Queen Mary Wireless Room was renamed The Nate Brightman Radio Room. This was announced on 28 October 2007 at Mr. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Brightman's 90th birthday party by Joseph Prevratil, President and CEO of the Queen Mary.

Paranormal

Ghosts have been reported on board only after she reached California. Many areas are rumored to be haunted. Reports of hearing little children crying in the nursery room, actually used as the third-class playroom, and a mysterious splash noise in the drained first-class swimming pool are cited. In 1966, 18-year-old fireman John Pedder was crushed by a watertight door in the engine room during a drill, and his ghost is said to haunt the ship. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.

The Queen Mary operates daily paranormal themed tours, some of which have theatrics applied for dramatic effect. Guests may also pay for private paranormal investigations, and are encouraged to document their paranormal experiences, if any. [17] The ship also maintains a haunted maze and expands to multiple mazes during Halloween called. [18]

The Queen Mary has been the subject of numerous professional paranormal investigations by printed publications like Beyond Investigation Magazine [1], nationally televised shows like Ghost Hunters and radio's Coast to Coast AM. For other uses of the name see Ghosthunters (disambiguation. Ghost Hunters is a Reality television series featuring Coast to Coast AM is an American late-night Syndicated Radio Talk show which deals with a variety of topics but most frequently The UK paranormal television program, Most Haunted, investigated the ship in a special two-part episode. Paranormal television is a genre of popular television broadcasting Most Haunted is a British Paranormal television programme based on investigating purported Paranormal activity although

Notably, paranormal-themed show The X-Files filmed a 1998 episode on the Queen Mary. The X-Files is a Peabody, Golden Globe and Emmy Award -winning American Science fiction television series created by Chris Carter The episode concerned a time warp in the Bermuda Triangle, and the ship stood in for a WWII-era vessel. The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is a region of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean in which a number of Aircraft and surface

The Queen Mary on screen

In its permanent berth in Long Beach, the Queen Mary has been used as a filming location for numerous films, television episodes, and commercials. Some examples are:

Trivia

See also

"It's Men that Count"; late 1930s promotional poster for the Cunard Line
"It's Men that Count"; late 1930s promotional poster for the Cunard Line

References

Notes

  1. ^ Royal Lady - The Queen Mary Reigns in Long Beach
  2. ^ The Bromsgrove Guild - an illustrated history, The Bromsgrove Society
  3. ^ Atlantic Liners: RMS Queen Mary
  4. ^ SS Normandie
  5. ^ The Historic Queen Mary - RMS Foundation, Inc.
  6. ^ Maxtone-Graham, John. The Only Way to Cross. New York: Collier Books, 1972.
  7. ^ OceanLiners.com. RMS Queen Mary
  8. ^ The Queen Mary. The Queen Mary's History
  9. ^ Long Beach Report. A REPORT ON THE QUEENSWAY BAY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND THE LONG BEACH TIDE AND SUBMERGED LANDS. State Lands Commission, April 2001
  10. ^ 'Queen Mary's horn (MP3) - PortCities Southampton
  11. ^ The Funnels and Whistles
  12. ^ Welcome to kockum sonics: Tyfon IMO regulations
  13. ^ http://www.sterling.rmplc.co.uk/visions/funnel2.jpg "The voice of the Queen Mary can be heard ten miles away" (JPG image)
  14. ^ W6RO - Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach
  15. ^ Human Touch Draws Ham Radio Buffs, Gazettes Newspaper
  16. ^ The wireless installation on RMS Queen Mary
  17. ^ Queen Mary - Attractions at Night QueenMary. com
  18. ^ Queen Mary's Shipwreck - Annual Halloween fest
  19. ^ Bruce, Jim, Faithful Servant: A Memoir of Brian Cleeve Lulu, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84753-064-6, (pp. 50-55)
  20. ^ R.M.S. Queen Mary, AtlanticLiners. com

External links

Records
Preceded by
Normandie		 Holder of the Blue Riband (Westbound)
1936 – 1937		 Succeeded by
Normandie
Holder of the Blue Riband (Eastbound)
1936 – 1937
Holder of the Blue Riband (Westbound)
1938 – 1952		 Succeeded by
United States
Holder of the Blue Riband (Eastbound)
1938 – 1952
A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Origin The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. Origin The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. Construction Inspired by the exemplary service of the British liners and which transported hundreds of thousands of U For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation.
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