State of Querétaro
Flag Coat of arms
Location within Mexico
Country	Mexico
Capital	Santiago de Querétaro
Municipalities	18
Government
- Governor	Francisco Garrido Patrón (PAN)
- Federal Deputies	PAN: 4
- Federal Senators	PAN: 2 PRI: 1
Area Ranked 27th
- Total	11,449 km² (4,420. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Municipalities ( municipios in Spanish) are the second-level administrative division in Mexico (where the first-level administrative division is the The United Mexican States (or Mexico) is a union of 31 thirty one States and one Federal District (the Mexican Federal District, or Distrito Francisco Garrido Patrón (b Mexico City, Distrito Federal in 1953 is a Mexican politician and since 2003 governor of the State of Querétaro The Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, Mexico 's bicameral The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic The Senate ( Spanish: Cámara de Senadores or Senado) is the upper house of Mexico 's Bicameral Congress. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The following table presents a listing of Mexico 's 31 federal states (and its Federal District, officially not a state ranked in order of their surface area Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
Population (2005)
- Total	1,598,139 (Ranked 23rd)
- Density	139. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The following table is a list of the 31 federal states and the Federal District of Mexico, ranked in order of their total population based on data from the 2000 and Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 59/km² (361. 5/sq mi)
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
HDI (2004)	0. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 8015 - high Ranked 12th
ISO 3166-2	MX-QUE
Postal abbr. The following table presents a listing of Mexico 's 31 federal states (and its Federal District, officially not a state ranked in order of their Human Development ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO	Qro.

Querétaro (former formal name: Querétaro Arteaga) is a state in central Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Its capital is the city of Santiago de Querétaro, although in general parlance the name "Querétaro" is used for both the city and the state.

The name is thought to come from a phrase in the Otomi language meaning "the great ball game", or from a phrase in the P'urhépecha language translated as "place of stones". The Otomi language is an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the ethnic group widely known as the Otomi but The Mesoamerican ballgame was a Sport with ritual associations played for over 3000 years by the Pre-Columbian peoples of Mesoamerica. P'urhépecha (also Tarascan, Tarasco, Phorhé, Purepecha) is a Language isolate spoken by more than 100000 P'urhépecha It should be noted that the area of La Cañada, east of Santiago de Querétaro, features a large gorge that resembles the two opposite walls that were used in the Native American ball game. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.

Querétaro is bordered to the north by the state of San Luis Potosí, to the west by Guanajuato, to the east by Hidalgo, to the southeast by Mexico State, and to the southwest by Michoacán. San Luis Potosí is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city as well as a river in the area Mexico State or State of Mexico (often abbreviated to " Edomex " from Estado de México in Spanish) is a state in the Michoacán formally Michoacán de Ocampo (from Nahuatl Michhuacān "place of the fishermen" is one of the 31 constituent states

The capital city of Santiago de Querétaro is located some 257 kilometres (160 miles) to the northwest of Mexico City. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico It is known for its Colonial Era architecture. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Origins and Viceroyal Era 1.2 19th Century 1.3 20th Century 2 Geography 2.1 Time Zone 2.2 Elevation 2.3 Climate 2.4 Regions 2.5 Water 2.6 Municipalities 3 Major communities 4 Demographics 5 Economy 5.1 Tourism 6 Transportation 7 Government and Politics 7.1 Politics 7.2 Constituencies 8 See also 9 External links 10 References

History

Origins and Viceroyal Era

Querétaro was inhabited by the Otomí and P'urhépecha (Tarascos), the latter being the ruling people. The P'urhépecha, sometimes referred to as Tarascan or Purépecha are an indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of the Mexican There was also a small presence of nomadic tribes, called Chichimecas. Chichimeca was the name that the Nahuas generically applied to a wide range of semi- Nomadic peoples who inhabited the north of modern-day Mexico, and carried There are some archeological sites dating from this era, such as the pyramid in Corregidora, and the sites of Ranas and Toluquilla in the Sierra Gorda. Mesoamerican pyramids, pyramid-shaped structures are an important part of ancient Mesoamerican architecture. Corregidora is a municipality in extreme southwestern Querétaro, on the border with the state of Guanajuato. the northeast third of Querétaro state state in Mexico, the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve covers 383567 ha of a rugged arm of the Sierra Madre Occidental

The Spaniards reached the area in 1531, and they allied themselves with an Otomí chieftain called Conín. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Conín (also known by his Christian name Fernando de Tapia) was a native Mexican of the Otomi people who helped the Spanish conquer Legend has it that an agreement was reached, under which local Indians would accept Spanish rule and embrace the Catholic faith if they were defeated in a weapon free battle. Mexico, in the second article of its Constitution, is defined as a "pluricultural" nation in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The Spanish conquerors were about to lose, when suddenly, the sky went dark and out of it came Saint James the Great and a fiery Holy Cross. For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page The Christian cross is the best-known Religious symbol of Christianity. The local Indians immediately accepted defeat, and so the city of Santiago (Saint James) de Querétaro was founded on July 25. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler

Following the Spanish conquest, the area was recognized as being of strategic importance since it connected rich mining regions of Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas with Mexico City. The Pyramid of El Pueblito, known as El Cerrito (little hill to those living in its immediate surroundings is an archaeological San Luis Potosí is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. It is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango Expeditions that aimed to conquer the north of the country and to convert local people to the Catholic faith left from the city of Querétaro. This is the main reason why the downtown area boasts so many religious buildings dating from this era. Catholic missionary Junípero Serra departed from Querétaro towards Alta California, where he was responsible for the founding of what became major California cities (such as San Francisco). A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Fra Junípero Serra ( November 24, 1713 &ndash August 28, 1784) was a Spanish Franciscan Friar who founded Alta California (Upper California was formed in 1804 when the Province of the Californias, then a part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas in the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city

In 1707 the Hacienda "Juriquilla" was built north of Queretaro City. By the end of the 18th Century the owner of the property was "Pedro Antonio de Septién Montero y Austri", son to "Agustín de Septién y Montero", from León, Guanajuato.

Between 1726 and 1738 the greatest work of civil engineering in the state was built. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built The aqueduct that provided water to the city of Querétaro from nearby springs was possible thanks to the donations of Juan Antonio de Urrutia y Arana, a Spanish nobleman. An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another Don Juan Antonio de Urrutia y Arana, Marques de la Villa del Villar del Aguila was a rich and powerful nobleman and patron of the arts in 18th-century Queretaro, Legend has it that he was in love with a nun from the Convent of the Holy Cross, thus the aqueduct ended in a fountain in the Convent's orchard. A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life

The city of Querétaro became so important during Spanish rule that it was dubbed "the third city of the kingdom" (after Mexico City and Puebla). The city of Puebla, officially Heroic Puebla de Zaragoza (nicknamed Angelópolis) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Puebla.

19th Century

Querétaro is considered to be the cradle of Mexican Independence, since the rebellion was planned here. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 However, on September 13, 1810, the plot was discovered by the Viceroyal government. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Therefore, one of the leaders of the movement, the Corregidora (who was the wife of the highest local authority) was locked in her room, while the rest of the plotters could be captured. Legend has it that she had to make noise with her heels in order to draw attention from Ignacio Pérez, who rode his horse all the way to San Miguel el Grande (now San Miguel de Allende) to warn other conspirators. San Miguel de Allende is the seat of the municipality of Allende Guanajuato, Mexico, a historic town founded in 1542 that has become an attractive tourist destination This ignited the war.

During the Colonial period Querétaro was not a province or intendencia as the rest of the states but a corregimiento de letras, which was a sort of Special Administrative Region. The title of intendant (intendant Spanish intendente) has been used in a number of countries through history This led to a discussion about including Querétaro as a state in the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, however the robust economy of Querétaro, and hence its capacity to generate enough revenues, was what finally convinced the deputies. The 1824 Constitution of Mexico was the first full Constitution adopted by the Mexican Republic. [1]

The city of Santiago de Querétaro was proclaimed capital of Mexico in 1847, when the American troops invaded Mexico City. On May 30, 1848 the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed here, by which Mexico ceded half of its territory to the United States. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish) is the Peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Maximilian I of Mexico chose Querétaro in 1867 to confront and defeat the Republican troops of Benito Juárez, who where coming from the north. Maximilian I Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México (6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867 (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph was a member of Austria Benito Pablo Juárez García (benit̪o paβ̞lo xwaɾes gaɾsia ( March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian The Imperial troops arrived on February 19, 1867, commanded by Emperor Maximilian. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting They were surrounded by Republican troops, however, and the siege of Querétaro began on March 5, 1867. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting On May 14, the Imperial army attempted to escape to Mexico City, but they were betrayed by a colonel, marking the end of the Second Mexican Empire. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country The Second Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867 It was here that Maximillian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867. Execution by firing squad is a method of Capital punishment, particularly common in times of war Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

20th Century

Following the Mexican Revolution, the victorious forces assembled themselves in Santiago de Querétaro, where they drafted on February 5, 1917 the Constitution that remains in force to the present. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 is the present Constitution of Mexico. The state then suffered stagnation, until the 1970s, when industry was attracted. Santiago de Querétaro was a host city for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from May 31 to June 29.

The state is a quite calm place, with no civil unrest, low crime and a high standard of living. This has attracted many immigrants from other parts of Mexico (particularly the Federal District, the state of Mexico and Guanajuato), as well as investments from abroad (notably the U.S., South Korea and European countries). Mexico State or State of Mexico (often abbreviated to " Edomex " from Estado de México in Spanish) is a state in the Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city as well as a river in the area The United States of America —commonly referred to as the South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː

Geography

The state is located between northern parallels 20° 01' 02" and 21° 40' and western meridians 99° 03' 23" y 100° 36'. The surface area is 11,687. 69 square kilometres (4,512. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 64 square miles), 0. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6% of Mexico and it is ranked as the 27th (out of 32) largest state.

Time Zone

The state is located in the Central Time Zone which is Greenwich Mean Time - 6h during Standard Time and GMT - 5h during Daylight Saving Time. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Daylight saving time ( DST

Elevation

The state is heavily mountainous, notably in the Sierra Gorda and the Sierra Queretana, part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. the northeast third of Querétaro state state in Mexico, the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve covers 383567 ha of a rugged arm of the Sierra Madre Occidental The Sierra Madre Oriental is a Mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo León, southwest The area between the two (the Valleys and the Semidesierto) is composed of numerous valleys and usually low peaks. However, the highest peak is the Cerro del Zamorano at 3,360 metres (11,024 feet) above sea level in the Valley of Querétaro. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Other notable peaks include Cerro El Espolón at 3,240 metres (10,630 ft), Cerro La Pingüica at 3,160 metres (10,367 ft), and Cerro de la Vega at 3,120 metres (10,236 ft).

The highest municipality seat is Amealco de Bonfil at 2,620 metres (8,596 ft) asl while the lowest is Jalpan de Serra at 760 meters (2,493 ft) asl (ironically, in the Sierra Gorda region). Amealco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. Santiago de Querétaro and San Juan del Río are located at 1,820 meters (5,971 ft) and 1,920 meters (6,299 ft) asl, respectively. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the

Climate

There is a wide array of climates, mainly due to elevation. Following the Köppen climate classification, there are nine climate types, the most widespread being semiarid and temperate (BS1k), covering 39. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist 53% of the state's surface most notably the cities of San Juan del Río, Cadereyta de Montes, Tequisquiapan and Ezequiel Montes. History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan"

The other types of climates, in order or surface importance, are:

• Temperate subhumid with a rainy summer (C(w)): 22. 6% (Amealco and Huimilpan),
• Semitropical subhumid with a rainy summer (ACw): 20. 2% (Jalpan),
• Semiarid and semihot (BS1h): 9. 40% (Santiago de Querétaro),
• Arid and semihot (BSh): 4. 1%,
• Tropical wet with a rainy summer (A(w)): 2. 45%,
• Semitropical wet with intense rains in summer (ACm): 0. 68%,
• Temperate humid with intense rains in summer (C(m)): 0. 59%,
• Semiarid and very hot (BS1(h')): 0. 45%.

Average yearly temperatures and precipitation for some cities are as follow:

• Querétaro: 18. 8 °C (66 °F) / 549 mm (21. 6 in)
• San Juan del Río: 17. 3 °C (63 °F) / 556 mm (21. 9 in)
• Amealco: 14. 9 °C (59 °F) / 837 mm (33 in)
• Jalpan: 23. 9 °C (75 °F) / 836 mm (32. 9 in)

Regions

Querétaro can be divided into five or four regions, depending on criteria used. These are two central valleys (Valle de Querétaro and Valle de San Juan), the arid Semidesierto, and two mountainous regions: the Sierra Gorda and the Sierra Queretana. the northeast third of Querétaro state state in Mexico, the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve covers 383567 ha of a rugged arm of the Sierra Madre Occidental

• Valle de Querétaro: comprises the municipalities of City of Corregidora, El Marqués, Huimilpan and Santiago de Querétaro. Corregidora is a municipality in extreme southwestern Querétaro, on the border with the state of Guanajuato. It is the state's part of the Bajío (Central Mexican plains). The Bajío ( lowlands) is a region of Central Mexico that includes the plains south of the Sierra de Guanajuato, in the state of Guanajuato, as The metropolitan area of the State's capital is coextensive with this region. Also known as Central Querétaro.
• Valle de San Juan: Amealco de Bonfil, Ezequiel Montes, Pedro Escobedo, San Juan del Río, and Tequisquiapan. Amealco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan" It is an extremely fertile valley, with abundant water resources (both surface and underground). It can be considered the state's breadbasket. Also known as Southern Querétaro.
• Semidesierto: Cadereyta de Montes, Colón, Peñamiller, San Joaquín, and Tolimán. This region is dry, because of the shadow created by the Sierra Gorda that stops rain clouds from coming into the area.
• Sierra Gorda: Arroyo Seco, Jalpan de Serra, Landa, and Pinal de Amoles. the northeast third of Querétaro state state in Mexico, the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve covers 383567 ha of a rugged arm of the Sierra Madre Occidental Pinal de Amoles is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. It is the part of the Sierra Madre Oriental that runs through the state. The Sierra Madre Oriental is a Mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo León, southwest It has both the highest and the lowest elevations in the state, and it has numerous climates, from alpine weather near Pinal de Amoles and San Joaquín, to tropical weather in Landa. It is a very rugged area, with numerous intermontane valleys. The area is rich in mineral resources, notably mercury.
• Sierra Queretana: formed by Huimilpan and Amealco, it is usually divided and considered as part of the central valleys.

Water

Querétaro belongs to two main hydrological basins, the eastern-bound Panuco basin that drains into the Gulf of Mexico and the western-bound Lerma-Santiago basin that drains into the Pacific Ocean. Hydrology (from Greek Yδωρ hudōr, "water" and λόγος logos, "study" is the study of the movement distribution and quality of A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Pánuco River (Río Pánuco is a river in Mexico that flows from the River Moctezuma in the Valley of Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The Lerma Santiago River (Río Lerma Santiago is Mexico 's second longest river The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Main rivers in the first basin include the San Juan, which joins the Tula river to form the Moctezuma river that forms the eastern limits of the state; the Sierra Gorda has numerous ones, such as the Extoraz and Santa María. The Pueblito and Querétaro rivers belong to the Lerma watershed. Main bodies of water are usually reservoirs, notably (in order of importance): Zimapán, Constitución de 1917 (Galindo), San Ildefonso, Centenario, Santa Catarina, La Llave, Jalpan, and Soledad.

The city of Santiago de Querétaro, and therefore most of the state's population, are in the Lerma-Santiago basin. This watershed supplies water to most of Central Mexico (including Mexico City, Guanajuato, and Jalisco), a reason why it is over exploited. Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. The effect of this can be best appreciated in Lake Chapala, where the water levels keep dropping. Lake Chapala (Lago de Chapala is Mexico 's largest freshwater Lake.

The city of Querétaro has always had an insufficient water supply. Historically, it has been obtained from nearby springs, reason why the Aqueduct was built. A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface Currently, it covers its needs from underground sources. There are 9 aquifers in the state: Querétaro, San Juan del Río, Chichimequillas, Tequisquiapan, Buenavista, Huimilpan, Tolimán, Cadereyta and Amealco. An aquifer is an underground layer of Water -bearing Permeable rock or unconsolidated materials ( Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay In the Valley of Querétaro, 103 million cubic metres (135 cu yd) are extracted each year while only 70 million m³ (91 million cu yd) are recharged, therefore there is an annual deficit of 33 million m³ (43 million cu yd). CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. A cubic yard is an Imperial / US customary (non- SI non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States, Canada and

There have been many projects that intend to supply the city from the Panuco watershed, including a controversial dam on the Extoraz river in the Sierra Gorda region. The Aqueduct II will be built in the following years, supplying the Valley of Queretaro and the Semidesierto with water from the Moctezuma river. It is expected that the Aqueduct II will supply the water needs for the next 30 years.

Water is regulated and supplied to consumers by the Comisión Estatal del Agua (CEA), a government agency.

Municipalities

The state of Querétaro is subdivided into 18 municipalities since 1993, when the actual limits were drawn. (municipios) See municipalities of Querétaro. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or

Major communities

• Santiago de Querétaro
• San Juan del Río
• City of Corregidora (part of the metropolitan area of Santiago de Queretaro)
• Tequisquiapan
• Juriquilla

Demographics

As of the 2005 census, the state had 1,598,139 inhabitants. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop Corregidora is a municipality in extreme southwestern Querétaro, on the border with the state of Guanajuato. History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan" Juriquilla is a small town north of Queretaro City in Queretaro, Mexico. The population density was about 140 inhabitants per square kilometer (362. 6/sq mi). The State is ranked 23rd with 1. 5% of the total national population. 66. 4% of queretanos live in cities while 33. 6% live in rural areas.

The state has been considered a "city-state" since most of its population is concentrated in the municipality of Querétaro (almost 46% in 2000).

According to the 1995 national census, there are only two cities with a population of more than 50,000, namely San Juan del Río and Santiago de Querétaro. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop

The most heavily populated municipalities are (2005):

• Santiago de Querétaro (734,139)
• San Juan del Río (208,462)
• City of Corregidora (104,218)
• El Marqués (79,743)
• Amealco de Bonfil (56,457)
• Cadereyta de Montes (57,204)
• Tequisquiapan (54,929)

In the latter years, Querétaro has established itself as one of the federal entities with the highest growth rates, behind Quintana Roo (4. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop Amealco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan" 7%), Baja California Sur (3. 4%), and Baja California (2. 4). The State's population has grown 2. 3%, a rate 1. 3% higher than the national average. It is noteworthy that Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo have low population levels, and Baja California is a magnet for people intending to cross the United States border in the near future. Growth is unequal within the State, with Corregidora reaching a 3. 5% rate, San Juan del Río 2% and Querétaro 1. 9%.

According to the National Population Council (CONAPO), Querétaro has a Human Development Index of 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 802, considered to be high, and is ranked 13th place. However, disparities in HDI exist between the different municipalities. Querétaro and Corregidora have the highest levels, with 0. 853 and 0. 848, respectively, while Amealco and Pinal de Amoles have the lowest levels, with 0. 652 and 0. 632, respectively.

Race and ethnicity are not measured by official government statistics. However, estimates consider the population of Queretaro to be primarily Mestizo (mixed Native American and European stock) with 70%, Whites form 25% (mainly descendants of Spanish as well as other Europeans, including Caucasian foreigners), and 4% are pure Native American. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin

There is a small community of East Asians (primarily Japanese and Korean expatriates) as well as descendants of Lebanese and Syrian immigrants. There are many immigrants from: The United States (Most of them live in the Tejeda neighborhood in Corregidora), Canada, Argentina, Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Spain, The UK, Italy, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Russia, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, China and the Philippines. Americans form about 60% of the foreign population in Queretaro and Poles about 30%.

There are 25,269 speakers of indigenous languages in the State (2000) aged 5 or older. 6. 7% of them do not speak Spanish. Otomi has the largest number of speakers with 22,077 (or 87. The Otomi language is an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the ethnic group widely known as the Otomi but 4%), followed by Nahuatl (1,069/4. Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family 2%), Mazahua (336/1. The Mazahua language is an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken in the country's central states by the ethnic group widely known as the Mazahua but 3%), Zapoteco (215/0. Zapotec language(s describes a group of closely-related indigenous Mesoamerican languages spoken by the Zapotec people from Mexico's southwestern-central 9%), and Huasteco (121/0. The Wastek or Huastec language is a Mayan language of Mexico spoken by the Huastecs living in rural areas of San Luis Potosí and northern 5%). The municipalities with the highest proportion of indigenous people are Tolimán (35. 6%), Amealco (32. 3%), and Cadereyta (3. 5%); in these places the Otomi (nhä-nho) ethnic group is preponderant.

Economy

Querétaro has one of the most dynamic economies amongst Mexican States. The growth of its GDP has exceeded the national average for years, accounting for an increase of 5. 5% in 2005, 6. 1% in 2004 and 4. 1% in 2003, according to the Agenda Económica published by the State Government. The average growth during the 1993 - 2004 period was 5. 1%, ranking second best in Mexico. ^[1]

Manufacturing accounts for one third of the GDP, followed by commerce and hospitality (20%), non financial services (15%), transportation and communications (13%), and financial services (10%). Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Hospitality refers to the relationship process between a Guest and a host and it also refers to the act or practice of being hospitable that is the reception and entertainment Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry. Agriculture accounts for 4% of the State's GDP. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The main industrial sectors are automobile related, processed foods, home appliances, electronics, paper, and poultry. Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by Refrigerator1svg|left|100px]]A major appliance, or domestic appliance, is usually defined as a large Machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task which Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Papermaking is the process of making Paper, a material which is used ubiquitously today for writing and packaging Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or Education (30-40% of higher education students come from other states and countries) and tourism (the state is considered the first largest non-beach-resort destination in the country) also play an important role. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

The economy is expected to transform itself and become a high-value-added knowledge economy. Currently, 38. 3% of foreign companies in the state can be so defined, being the state with the highest proportion. A study by the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) ranked Querétaro as the 5th most suitable state for such a transformation (2005). The Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education ( Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ITESM) commonly shortened as Monterrey Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier began operations in the State. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 This will enable the creation of the leading aeronautical cluster in Mexico. Aeronautics (from Greek aero which means air or sky and nautis which means sailor i

In its 2007 Latin American Cities ranking, that values innovation and technology, América Economía placed Santiago de Querétaro in position number 6 (2nd in Mexico). América Economía is a Latin American magazine founded in 1986 by Chilean Elías Selman and Swedish Nils Strandberg. In fDi magazine’s North American Cities of the Future 2007/08 rankings, the city earned a Top Ten Overall ranking (6th place) and Top Five for Most Cost Effective for the Large Cities category (500,000 to 2 million population).

Tourism

Tourism is increasing its importance in the economy. Querétaro has become the first non-beach destination and 7th overall (1. 764 million visitors and 65% hotel room occupation in 2006). 92% of visitors come from other parts of Mexico (62% Valley of Mexico, 5% each Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Nuevo León) while 8% come from abroad (mainly Canada and the United States). There are 226 hotels and inns with 8,239 rooms. Tourism represents a benefit of 2. 611 billion pesos.

The State of Querétaro offers two World Heritage Sites (Historic Monuments Zone of Santiago de Querétaro and the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda), a Pueblo Mágico (Bernal), the first vineyards in America (Tequisquiapan and surroundings), beautiful haciendas as well as lush natural scenery. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Franciscan Missions of the Sierra Gorda in the Mexican state of Querétaro were declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan" Hacienda is a Spanish word for an estate usually but not always a vast Ranch. The main destinations within the state are the capital city (receiving 70% of tourists), San Juan del Río (14%), Tequisquiapan (9. 2%), Bernal and the Sierra Gorda Region. The solid growth of the sector is due to the mixture of business and leisure tourism, that helps maintain high occupation levels in the hotels.

Transportation

Querétaro is the crossroads of Mexico, since the highways that connect Northeastern, Western and Central Mexico join here. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Federal Highway 57 leaves Mexico City and reaches Laredo, Texas in the border with the United States, and is also called the Pan-American Highway. Laredo ( "luh-RAID-o" in English in Spanish is the County seat of Webb County, Texas, United States Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Pan-American Highway (see below for its name in other Western European languages is a network of Roads nearly 48000 kilometres (29800 miles in The municipalities located along its route are referred to as the "industrial corridor", and are the most developed ones in the state. Federal Highway 45 connects Querétaro with the state of Guanajuato. Due to its strategic importance, Federal roads in the state receive a high level of investment.

The Comisión Estatal de Caminos (CEC) is in charge of the roads that fall under state jurisdiction. These roads connect the different municipalities with each other, with Federal roads and with the capital city. The small size of the state has enabled it to keep one of the best road systems in the country.

Railroads connect municipalities along the industrial corridor with Mexico City, Laredo and the state of Guanajuato. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. However, these are used only for freight. There have been various attempts to connect Santiago de Querétaro to Mexico City with a high speed train.

Currently, there are two airports in the state, Querétaro International Airport 22. Querétaro International Airport is an international Airport located in the Municipalities of Colon and El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico 5 kilometers (14 mi) from the state capital opened on December 10, 2004 (IATA: QRO, ICAO: MMQT). Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The ICAO (ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ Airport code or location indicator is a four-letter Alphanumeric Code designating each airport around The second is a small airfield in Jalpan de Serra, at the moment it receives no commercial flights, that is used to connect the Sierra Gorda region to Santiago de Querétaro, mostly by State government aircraft.

The Querétaro International Airport is served by six airlines (Aeromar, Continental, Alma de México, Viva Aerobus, Avolar, Delta) that link the state with six destinations (Houston, Mexico City, Atlanta, Monterrey, Tijuana, and Guadalajara), enabling connections to virtually any city in the world. Within ten years, it is expected that the airport will receive 800 thousand passengers per year.

Private buses provide intra-state connections, serving all of the municipalities. They also serve various cities nationwide. Within towns and cities, public transportation is offered only by private buses.

Government and Politics

In 2005, the government of Querétaro was recognized as having the lowest levels of corruption among all Mexican states by the non-governmental organization Transparencia Mexicana, part of Transparency International. Transparency International ( TI) is a leading international Non-governmental organization addressing corruption

Local government has three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The governor, elected for a six-year term, heads the executive branch. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government

Politics

Querétaro has had a paradoxical political attitude. It has always been a pretty conservative state, though major liberal events have taken place in the city. For instance, the independence struggle against Spain was planned here, but Maximilian of Habsburg chose the city as its last stronghold since he was popular here.

Following the Revolution, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was founded in the city of Querétaro, dominated the local political scene. The Institutional Revolutionary Party ( Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI) is a Mexican Political party that wielded In 1997, the state governorship was won by the centre-right National Action Party (PAN), which has governed ever since. The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic Querétaro is now considered a stronghold for this party.

In the 2006 State elections, PAN scored one of its best results ever (50. 34% percent of total votes), taking 10 municipalities. These elections marked the first time PAN obtained victories in the Sierra Gorda region, which used to be a stronghold for PRI, and as well it recovered San Juan del Río. The PRI-Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) alliance remained the second force in the state (28. The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico ( Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México known by the abbreviation PVEM)is one of the six political parties 42%), with 5 municipalities and Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) (13. The Party of the Democratic Revolution (in Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD is one of the three main political parties in Mexico. 27% up from 6. 74% in 2003) retained Tequisquiapan and won Arroyo Seco for the first time. Surprisingly, Convergencia won Tolimán. Convergence ( Spanish:) is a political party in Mexico. It was previously known as Convergence for Democracy (Convergencia por la Democracia

As for the Chamber of Deputies, PAN won 12 out of 15 districts, while PRI only obtained 3. The Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, Mexico 's bicameral

For the Federal elections, for the first time PAN won all of the four districts, being the first time its candidate for the Sierra Gorda region succeeded. For other elections in Mexico during 2006 see 2006 Mexican elections For election disputes and controversies see Mexican general election 2006 Currently there are 8 deputies from the State, even though there are only 4 districts, since 4 additional candidates were nominated by party lists.

• PAN: Colón, Corregidora, El Marqués, Huimilpan, Jalpan, Landa, Pedro Escobedo, Pinal de Amoles, Querétaro, San Juan del Río.
• PRI: Amealco, Cadereyta, Ezequiel Montes, Peñamiller, San Joaquín.
• PRD: Arroyo Seco, Tequisquiapan.
• Convergencia: Tolimán.

In the 2003 State elections, Francisco Garrido Patrón was elected governor in 2003 with 238,348 votes (or 45. Francisco Garrido Patrón (b Mexico City, Distrito Federal in 1953 is a Mexican politician and since 2003 governor of the State of Querétaro 7%), beating his PRI rival Fernando Ortíz Arana who obtained 41. Fernando Ortiz Arana (b October 26, 1944 in Santiago de Querétaro) is a Mexican politician and long serving legislator affiliated to the 98% of the vote, and becoming the second PAN governor. PRI, however, won 12 municipalities including San Juan del Río, which was considered a PAN stronghold. PAN won 5 municipalities, including the three forming the Metropolitan Area of Querétaro. This election marked the first time leftist PRD won a municipality, Tequisquiapan. The Party of the Democratic Revolution (in Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD is one of the three main political parties in Mexico.

• PRI: Amealco, Arroyo Seco, Colón, Huimilpan, Jalpan, Landa, Pedro Escobedo, Peñamiller, Pinal de Amoles, San Joaquín, San Juan del Río, Tolimán.
• PAN: Cadereyta, Corregidora, Ezequiel Montes, El Marqués, Querétaro.
• PRD: Tequisquiapan.

The state's senators are Guillermo Tamborrel Suárez and Eduardo Nava Bolaños from the PAN. The Senate ( Spanish: Cámara de Senadores or Senado) is the upper house of Mexico 's Bicameral Congress.

Constituencies

The State Legislature^[2] has 25 seats, 15 elected from constituencies and 10 allocated according to party votes.

The State has four federal and 15 local districts. Federal Districts I and II correspond to the city of Santiago de Querétaro while District III is formed by San Juan del Río and southern municipalities, and District IV includes Cadereyta, the Semidesierto and the Sierra Gorda regions.

Local districts:

• I - VI represent the city of Querétaro,
• VII Corregidora,
• VIII Amealco and Huimilpan,
• IX - X San Juan del Río,
• XI Pedro Escobedo and Tequisquiapan,
• XII El Marqués,
• XIII Colón, Tolimán and Peñamiller,
• XIV Cadereyta and Ezequiel Montes, and
• XV comprises Arroyo Seco, Jalpan, Landa, Pinal de Amoles and San Joaquín.

See also

• Governor of Querétaro

External links

• Minister of Tourism of the State of Queretaro official website (in Spanish and English)
• Pictures of Queretaro
• Monthly touristic official newsletter (in Spanish)
• La vida cotidiana en Querétaro durante la época Barroca (in Spanish - Daily life in Queretaro during the Baroque)
• QRO.com.mx Website for Queretaro's citizens (still in Spanish)
• Directory of the State of Queretaro (in Spanish)
• Non-official Guide of Queretaro
• Queretaro Language School - Spanish classes in Quéretaro, México

Municipalities of Querétaro
	Amealco de Bonfil • Pinal de Amoles • Arroyo Seco • Cadereyta de Montes • Colón • Corregidora • Ezequiel Montes • Huimilpan • Jalpan de Serra • Landa de Matamoros • El Marqués • Pedro Escobedo • Peñamiller • Querétaro • San Joaquín • San Juan del Río • Tequisquiapan • Tolimán

References

Coordinates: 20°50′16″N 99°51′05″W / 20.83778, -99.85139

This is a list of the Governors of the Mexican state of Querétaro since 1911 1911 Adolfo Isla 1911 Alfonso M Amealco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. Pinal de Amoles is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. Corregidora is a municipality in extreme southwestern Querétaro, on the border with the state of Guanajuato. San Juan del Río is a city (2005 census pop 120984 and administrative seat of the surrounding municipality ( municipio) (pop History Before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors the area now occupied by what's now the town of Tequisquiapan was commonly known as "Tequesquiatlapan" A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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