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Cleopatra VII of Egypt is one of the most well-known queens regnant
Cleopatra VII of Egypt is one of the most well-known queens regnant
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, a queen regnant of 16 modern parliamentary monarchies
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, a queen regnant of 16 modern parliamentary monarchies
See also: List of current queens regnant

A queen regnant (plural "queens regnant") is qualifying reference to a female monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal powers of a ruler, in contrast with a "queen consort", who is the wife of a reigning king as monarch, and in and of herself has no official powers of state. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is See also Queen regnant This is a list of the current reigning Queens regnant, as opposed to Queen consorts, and the start of their Reign. A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning king. The term is redundant in cultures or countries where a queen always ruled as the monarch when bearing the title queen or where the wife of a king bore another title than queen, when having no official powers.

Technically, a king also may be a "king regnant" or a "king consort"—but this distinction is unusual and, for example, has been used only twice in the history of the British and its predecessor monarchies. King consort is a title given in some Monarchies to the husband of a Queen regnant. In all current monarchies that allow for a queen to take the Throne, the husband of such a queen is not titled king, generally ranking as a prince. The husband of Mary I of England and Ireland and the second husband of Mary I, Queen of Scots were both created kings consort of their wives' realms. Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death The husband of Mary II, Queen of England and Ireland, and Queen of Scots, was named king regnant co-sovereign with her, as William III of England, II of Scots, and I of Ireland—but this was the only occasion of co-sovereignty in Britain, at least officially. Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Thereafter, the husbands of queens regnant in Britain have been informally styled princes consort (the formal title Prince Consort, however, having been granted only to Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria). Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Accession of a regnant occurs as a nation's order of succession permits. An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death resignation or removal of its current occupant Methods of succession (to queendoms, kingdoms, tribal chiefships, etc. ) include nomination (the sitting monarch or a council names an heir), primogeniture (children of a monarch or chief, in order of birth, eldest to youngest), and ultimogeniture (children in order of birth, youngest to eldest). Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings Ultimogeniture, also known as postremogeniture or junior right, is the tradition of Inheritance by the last-born of the entirety of or a privileged position The scope of succession may be matrilineal, patrilineal, or both; or, rarely (usually only when necessary), open to general election. Right of succession by gender may be open to men and women, limited to men only, or limited to women only.

The most typical succession in European monarchies from the Late Middle Ages through to the twentieth century was male-preference primogeniture; i. The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499 Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings e. , the order of succession cycled through the sons of the monarch in order of their birth, followed then by the daughters. Many realms historically forbade succession by women or through a female line, however, in obedience to the Salic law; and some still do. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages No queen regnant ever ruled France, for example, nor, the Holy Roman Empire if one excepts Maria Theresa, who held the title Holy Roman Empress by marriage and was the de facto ruler. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire is the title given to the consort of the Holy Roman Emperor. The Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan is currently barred to women, although historically, this has not always been the case.

In the waning days of the twentieth century, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, and the Netherlands amended their acts of succession to primogeniture with no preference as to gender. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands In some cases, the change does not take effect until the generation following the current generations in existence - to avoid dispossessing people who were already in the succession in a particular position.

Contents

Partial list of queens regnant

Maria Theresa, de facto Empress of the Holy Roman Empire
Maria Theresa, de facto Empress of the Holy Roman Empire

Although many ancient ruling queens and unknown queens of cultures poorly recorded or undocumented upon discovery (such as all of the queens in Africa, Micronesia, Oceania, Polynesia, etc. Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in ), are omitted, the following is a list of such queens who are known popularly.

Aceh

Amerindians

The names of women who ruled some of the native American Indian nations were usually not recorded by Europeans who first encountered them, not understanding the structure of their societies and seeking to deal with male representatives presumed to be the rulers. Iskandar Muda (1583? - December 27 1636) was the twelfth Sultan of Aceh, under whom the sultanate achieved its greatest territorial extent and was the Iskandar Thani Alauddin Mughayat Syah (d 1641 was the thirteenth Sultan of Aceh, following the powerful Iskandar Muda.

Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary

Bosnia

Central Asia and Persian Empire

China

Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian

There has been only one Empress regnant in Chinese history, Wu Zetian, but there have been many powerful empress consorts or empress dowagers, some of whom effectively ruled. Puran Dokht Imaginary Portraitjpg|left|thumb|100px|A Portrait of Queen Puran Dokht]] Buran or Poran or more correctly Purandokht was daughter of the King Azarmidokht was the twenty-seventh Sassanid Monarch of Persia and daughter of Khosrau II. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne The powerful empress consorts or empress dowagers were de facto rulers, but not de jure Empress regnants. A concubine who gave birth to the crown prince could also become empress dowager, though her status was still a little lower than an empress dowager who had been the former empress consort.

Denmark

Egypt

Ancient

Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut
Nefertiti
Nefertiti
Ahhotep I
Ahhotep I

Ptolemaic

Islamic

Ethiopia

Gowri Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore 1811-1815
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore 1811-1815

Hawaii

Hungary, Croatia and Dalmatia

India

Empress Kōgyoku
Empress Kōgyoku

Japan

Judea

Ranavalona I
Ranavalona I

Korea

Madagascar

Malaysia

Mongolia

The Netherlands

Queen Wilhelmina
Queen Wilhelmina

Nubia

Kandake was a title for queens, queen mothers and queen consorts in Nubia. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. Kandake or Kentake, also known as Candace, was the title for queens and queen mothers of the ancient African empire of Kush (also known as Nubia This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. Ruling Kandakes may have included;

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Elizabeth of Russia
Elizabeth of Russia

Spain/Castile/Aragon

Sweden

UK / Commonwealth / England / Great Britain / Scotland

Vietnam

See also

External links

Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Year 40 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Nguyễn Thị Anh (1422?&ndash1459 was a queen of Vietnam, mother of the Vietnamese King Lê Nhân Tông, and effective head of state of Vietnam from 1451 until See also Queen regnant This is a list of the current reigning Queens regnant, as opposed to Queen consorts, and the start of their Reign. A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning king. An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death resignation or removal of its current occupant
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