Quebec literature - Citizendia

This is an article about literature in Quebec, a province of Canada. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Francophone literature is Literature written in the French language. This is an article about Literature in Quebec. 16th and 17th centuries During this period the society of New France was being Post-colonial literature (or "Postcolonial literature" sometimes called "New English literature(s" is a body of literary writings that reacts to the discourse The Culture of Haiti encompasses a variety of Haitian traditions from native Taino customs to practices imported during French colonisation and Spanish Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth French poetry is a category of French literature. It may include Francophone poetry composed outside France and poetry written in other Languages of French science fiction is a substantial genre within French literature. Franco-Belgian comics are Comics that are created in Belgium and France. The Fantastique is a French term for a literary and cinematic genre that overlaps with Science fiction, horror and Fantasy Naturalism is a movement in Theatre, film, and Literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives and that this essence follows from their existence The nouveau roman ( French: "new novel" is a type of 1950s French Novel that diverged from classical literary genres The Theatre of the Absurd ( French: Théâtre de l'Absurde) is a designation for particular plays written by a number of primarily European Playwrights Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of Literature and of the methods for analyzing literature Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French Jean Racine ( ( December 22, 1639 &ndash April 21, 1699) was a French Dramatist, one of the "big three" of Henri-Marie Beyle ( January 23, 1783 &ndash March 23, 1842) better known by his Pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century Gustave Flaubert (gystaːv flobɛːʁ in French ( December 12, 1821 &ndash May 8, 1880) was a French writer who is counted among Émile François Zola ( (2 April 1840 &ndash 29 September 1902 was an influential French Writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (maʁsɛl pʁust (10 July 1871 &ndash 18 November 1922 was a French Novelist Essayist and Critic Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Albert Camus ( (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960 was an Algerian born French Author, philosopher, and journalist who won the Nobel prize Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

1 16th and 17th centuries
2 18th century
3 19th century
4 20th century
5 See also
6 External links

16th and 17th centuries

During this period, the society of New France was being built with great difficulty. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the The French merchants contracted to transport colonists did not respect their end of the bargain, and the French and their Indian allies were at war with the Iroquois, allied to the English until 1701, etc. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse To add to these difficulties, the printing press was officially forbidden in Canada until the British Conquest.

In spite of this, some notable documents were produced in the early days of colonization and were passed down from generation to generation until today. The Voyage of Jacques Cartier, the Muses de la Nouvelle-France of Marc Lescarbot, the Voyages of Samuel de Champlain are memories of the exploration of North America and the foundation of New France. Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France Marc Lescarbot ( c 1570 &ndash 1642 was a French Author and Lawyer. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer

The Relations des jésuites, Le Grand voyage au pays des Hurons of Gabriel Sagard, the Écrits of Marguerite Bourgeois were written by the many religious founders of New France who had undertaken the task of converting the Sauvages to Christianity. Gabriel Sagard baptized Théodat ( fl. 1614 &ndash 1636) was a Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollect order ( French Récollet Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings

Many songs and poems were transmitted orally by the early French settlers. A popular French ballad, À la claire fontaine was adapted by the voyageurs and gave us the version that is known today in Quebec. A coureur des bois (runner of the woods was an individual who engaged in the Fur trade without permission from the French authorities

The first patriotic song of Quebec (then known as le Canada) was written by a soldier, François Mariauchau d'Esgly. Entitled C'est le Général de Flip, it paid tribute to the resistance of the French at Quebec during the siege of General William Phips in 1690. Sir William Phips (or Phipps) ( February 2, 1651 February 18, 1695) was a colonial governor of Massachusetts.

In France, Canada and New France in general caught the interest of many writers, notably François Rabelais who refers to Cartier and Roberval in Pantagruel. Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France Pantagruel is an international Early Music ensemble specialising in semi-staged performances of Renaissance music

18th century

Until 1760, the themes of nature, explorations, and the Sauvages continued to mark the imagination of the civilization of New France. Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Moeurs des sauvages américains of Joseph Lafiteau, Histoire de l'Amérique septentrionale of Bacqueville de la Potherie and the Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle-France are in continuity with the writings of the preceding century.

The first verified use of the term Canadien to designate the descendants of French settlers in Canada was written in a song composed in 1756 in honor of Governor Vaudreuil after the military victory of Fort Chouaguen. Pierre François de Rigaud Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal ( 22 November, 1698 &ndash 4 August 1778) was a Canadian -born French colonial In 1758, Étienne Marchand wrote a famous poem in Le carillon de la Nouvelle-France. This song tells the story of the victorious battle of Fort Carillon. Fort Ticonderoga is a large Eighteenth-century Fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access

The first poem written by a Canadien after the cession of Canada to Great Britain is Quand Georges trois pris l'Canada written by an anonymous author in 1763. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

The Quebec Gazette newspaper was founded in Quebec City by William Brown on June 21, 1764. The Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, founded by William Brown (c1737-1789 as the Quebec Gazette on June 21, 1764, claims to be the oldest William Brown (or Browne) may refer to (some of whom were also called 'Bill' Politicians jurists and diplomats William Brown (congressman Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The bilingual paper was published in both the French language and the English language and over the years survived to be the oldest newspaper still publishing in North America. Official bilingualism is the term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies constitutional provisions and laws which give English and French a privileged

The literary trends of Europe and the rest of America slowly penetrated the cities, primarily Quebec City and Montreal. The writings of the Enlightenment and those produced at the time of the American and French revolutions were dominant in the available literature. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century

Valentin Jautard and Fleury Mesplet published the first journal of Quebec, the Gazette du commerce et littéraire, in 1778–79. Fleury Mesplet ( January 10 1734 &ndash January 24 1794) was a French Canadian printer Valentin Jautard, a disciple of Voltaire and sympathizer with the American cause, published many poems under different pseudonyms.

Some notable names of the time are Joseph-Octave Plessis, Ross Cuthbert, Joseph Quesnel and Pierre de Sales Laterrière. Joseph-Octave Plessis ( 3 March, 1763 &ndash 4 December, 1825) was a Canadian Roman Catholic clergyman from Quebec Ross Cuthbert ( February 17, 1776 &ndash August 28, 1861) was a Canadian writer lawyer and politician Joseph Quesnel ( 15 November 1746 &ndash 3 July 1809) was a French Canadian Composer, Poet, and Playwright Pierre de Sales Laterrière (1743 or 1747 near Albi &ndash 14 June 1815) was an adventurer who left France in 1766

In France, Voltaire wrote L'Ingénu, the tale of a Huron who visits France and also Chateaubriand, a French noble exiled in America, wrote Atala and René. François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French L'Ingénu is a satirical novella by the French writer Voltaire, published in 1767. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. René (born again or reborn in French) is a very common Given name in French-speaking countries

19th century

The 19th century marks the beginning of the first real literary works published by Quebecers, including Michel Bibaud, Pierre Boucher de Boucherville, François Réal Angers, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (son), Amédée Papineau, Joseph Doutre, François-Xavier Garneau, Pierre Jean Olivier Chauveau, Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, H. François-Xavier Garneau ( June 15, 1809 &ndash February 2 or February 3, 1866) was a nineteenth century French Canadian Louis-Antoine Dessaulles (1818 &ndash August 4 1895) was a Quebec seigneur, Journalist and political figure -Émile Chevalier.

By 1860s, Quebec authors were able to acquire a certain autonomy. It was now easier to publish a book and mass produce it.

Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (father), Louis Fréchette, Arthur Buies, William Kirby, Honoré Beaugrand, Laure Conan, Edith Maude Eaton, William Chapman, Jules-Paul Tardivel, Winnifred Eaton, Pamphile Lemay were some of the key writers in this era. Antoine Gérin-Lajoie ( August 4, 1824 in Yamachiche Quebec – August 4, 1882 in Ottawa) was a Québécois Louis-Honoré Fréchette, ( November 16, 1839 &ndash May 31, 1908) was a French Canadian Poet, Politician William Kirby, ( 13 October 1817 &ndash 23 June 1906) was a Canadian author best known for The Golden Dog. Honoré Beaugrand ( 24 March, 1848 &ndash 7 October[[ 906]] was a Quebec journalist politician author and folklorist born in Berthier Laure Conan, pen name of Marie-Louise-Félicité Angers, ( 9 January, 1845 &ndash 6 June, 1924) is regarded as the first true Edith Maude Eaton ( 15 March 1865 – 7 April 1914) was an author best known under the pseudonym Sui Sin Far, the name (Cantonese George William Albert Chapman, né George William Alphred ( 13 December 1850 &ndash 23 February 1917) was a Canadian Jules-Paul Tardivel ( 2 September 1851 &ndash 24 April 1905) was an American &ndash Québécois writer and a significant Winnifred Eaton, ( August 21, 1875 in Montreal Quebec, Canada - April 8, 1954 in Butte Montana, United

An anonymous song, Les Raftsmen, became popular at the beginning of this century.

20th century

In addition, New Englanders of French-Canadian descent became important figures in American literature, notably Jack Kerouac and Grace Metalious. Hubert Aquin (born 24 October 1929, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada &ndash 15 March 1977) was a Novelist Nick Auf der Maur ( April 10 1942 – April 7, 1998) was a journalist politician and "man about town" boulevardier in Montreal Victor Barbeau ( 18 August 1896 &ndash 19 July 1994) was a Quebec writer and academic Yves Beauchemin (born 26 June 1941) is a Quebec novelist Born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Beauchemin received his degree in French literature Victor-Lévy Beaulieu (born September 2 1945 in Saint-Paul-de-la-Croix, Quebec) is a Québécois writer playwright editor Marie-Claire Blais CC, OQ (born 5 October 1939) is a Canadian author and playwright Denise Bombardier (born January 18 1941 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is an esteemed yet controversial journalist, Novelist Essayist Paul-Émile Borduas ( November 1, 1905 - February 22, 1960) was a Canadian painter known for his abstract paintings Jacques Brault (born March 29, 1933) is a French Canadian Poet and translator who currently lives in Cowansville, Roch Carrier, OC, (born 13 May 1937) is a celebrated Canadian novelist and author of "contes" (a very brief form of the Short Leonard Norman Cohen CC GOQ (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Quebec) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter Réjean Ducharme (born August 12 1941) is a Quebec Novelist and Playwright who currently resides in Montreal. Esther Delisle PhD (born 1954 is a French Canadian Historian and author of historical works from Quebec. Louis Émond (born November 9, 1969) is a Quebec writer Biography Émond was born in Lévis Quebec, Canada and earned Jacques Ferron ( January 21, 1921 - April 22, 1985) was a Canadian Physician and Author. Susan Glickman (born 1953 is a Canadian writer and critic celebrated for her wit imagery melodic language and meticulous research Jacques Godbout (born November 27, 1933) is a Canadian Novelist, Essayist, Children's writer, Journalist, William Heward Grafftey, PC (born August 5, 1928) is a Canadian politician and businessman Lionel-Adolphe Groulx ( January 13, 1878 – May 23, 1967) often called by his priestly titles Abbé Groulx or "Chanoine Groulx" Anne Hébert, OQ (an eˈbɛʀ in French ( August 1, 1916 - January 22, 2000) was a Canadian Author and Louis Hémon ( 12 October 1880 – 8 July 1913) was a Francophone writer best known for his novel Maria Chapdelaine Abraham Moses Klein was a Canadian poet journalist novelist and short story writer Irving Layton OC ( March 12, 1912 &ndash January 4, 2006) was a Canadian Poet. Dany Laferrière (born 17 April 1953) is a Haitian and Canadian novelist and journalist Roger Lemelin ( April 7, 1919 - March 16, 1992) was a Quebec novelist television writer and essayist Antonine Maillet, PC, CC, OQ, ONB, LLD, FRSC, (born May 10, 1929) is a Canadian Yann Martel (born June 25, 1963 in Salamanca, Spain) is a Canadian Author best known for the Man Booker Prize Gaston Miron, OQ (French gastõ miˈʀõ ( January 8, 1928 &ndash December 14, 1996) was an important poet, Writer Émile Nelligan ( December 24, 1879 - November 18, 1941) was a Francophone poet from Quebec, Canada Mordecai Richler ( January 27, 1931 &ndash July 3, 2001) was a Canadian author Academy Award -nominated screenwriter and Gabrielle Roy, CC, FRSC ( March 22, 1909 – July 13, 1983) was a French Canadian author Félix-Antoine Savard ( August 31, 1896 &ndash August 24, 1982) was a Canadian priest academic poet novelist and folklorist David Solway (born 8 December 1941) is a Canadian Poet, educational theorist Travel writer and literary critic of Yves Thériault ( November 28, 1915 - October 20, 1983) was a Canadian author Michel Tremblay (born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on June 25, 1942) is a Novelist and playwright. Roland Michel Tremblay (born October 15, 1972, in Quebec City, Canada) is a French-Canadian author poet scriptwriter development Marie Uguay ( April 22, 1955 – October 26, 1981) was a French Canadian poet from the province of Quebec. Pierre Vallières ( &ndash) was a Québécois Journalist, and Writer. Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and Grace Metalious ( September 8, 1924 &ndash February 25, 1964) was an American author best known for the controversial novel

External links

History of French Canadian literature. The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French -speaking majority This is a list of Authors from the Canadian province of Quebec. Canadian culture is a term that encompasses the artistic musical literary culinary political and social elements that are representative of Canada not only to its own population This is a list of Canadian literary figures including Poets Novelists Children's writers Essayists and Scholars Writers are Francophone literature is Literature written in the French language.

Quebec literature in 600 titles (in French)
La littérature québécoise (in French)
Centre québécois de recherche sur l'archive littéraire (in French)
Public domain literature of Quebec in French
Public domain literature of Quebec in English

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Contents

16th and 17th centuries

18th century

19th century

20th century

See also

External links