Quebec City Ville de Québec
Quebec City skyline
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname: La Vieille Capitale
Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir ("I shall put God's gift to good use"; the Don de Dieu was Champlain's ship)
Coordinates: 46°48′N 71°23′W / 46.8, -71.383
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Agglomeration	Quebec City
Statute of the city	Capitale-Nationale
Administrative Region	Capitale-Nationale
Founded	1608 by Samuel de Champlain
Constitution date	1833
Government
- Mayor	Régis Labeaume
- Majority leader	Jean-Marie Matte
- Federal senator	Dennis Dawson
- MPs	List of MPs Luc Harvey Josée Verner Christiane Gagnon Michel Guimond Daniel Petit Sylvie Boucher
- MNAs	List of MNAs Hubert Benoît Philippe Couillard Jean-François Gosselin Sam Hamad Éric Caire Sylvain Légaré Agnès Maltais Catherine Morissette Gilles Taillon
Area
- City	454. The Flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12 1987 The Coat of Arms of Quebec City Crest: A Mural crown, symbolising the City, as well as Quebec City's fortified A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality The urban agglomeration of Quebec (French agglomération urbaine de Québec) is formed by Quebec City L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer Régis Labeaume (born 1956 in Roberval, Lac Saint-Jean) is a businessman writer and current mayor of Quebec City Quebec, Canada. Dennis Dawson (born September 28, 1949) is a Canadian Senator. This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. Luc Harvey (born April 4, 1964 in Chicoutimi Quebec) is a Canadian politician and the current Member of Parliament for the riding Josée Verner, PC, MP (born December 30, 1959 in Gatineau, Québec) is a Canadian Politician Christiane Gagnon (born April 16, 1948 in Chicoutimi Quebec) is a Canadian politician Michel Guimond (born December 26, 1953 in Chicoutimi Quebec) is a Canadian politician Daniel Petit (born September 27, 1948 in Doische, Belgium) is a Canadian politician This article is about the Canadian politician for other people named Sylvie Boucher see Sylvie Boucher (disambiguation Sylvie Boucher (born The National Assembly of Quebec (Assemblée nationale du Québec is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada. Hubert Benoît (born February 25, 1963) is a politician from Quebec, Canada, and the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ Member Philippe Couillard MD (born June 26, 1957 in Montreal) was a Politician, and former university Professor and Neurosurgeon Jean-François Gosselin (born April 17, 1975 in Quebec City Quebec) is a politician from Quebec, Canada, and the Action démocratique Sam Hamad (born June 17 1958 in Damascus Syria) is a Syrian -born Quebec Politician. Éric Caire (born May 21, 1965 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a politician from Quebec, Canada, and the Action démocratique Sylvain Légaré (born October 22, 1970 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a politician in Québec, Canada, and an Action Agnès Maltais (born November 7, 1956 in Sault-au-Mouton Quebec) is a Quebec Politician. Catherine Morissette (born February 3, 1979 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a politician and Lawyer from Quebec, Canada Gilles Taillon (born August 11, 1945 in Saint-Jérôme Quebec) is a Politician, Teacher and Businessman in Quebec Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 26 km² (175. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi)
- Metro	3,276. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 53 km² (1,265. 1 sq mi)
Population (2006[1][2])
- City	491,142 (Ranked 10th)
- Density	1,081. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (2,800. 3/sq mi)
- Metro	715,515 (Ranked 7th)
- Metro Density	218. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 4/km² (565. 7/sq mi)
- Région de Québec	1,064,047
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
Area code(s)	418/581
SGC code	24 23 027
NTS Map	021L14
GNBC Code	EHTWR
Website: Official website of Quebec City

Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (pronounced /kwɨˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region. The Quebec City Area (or Région de Québec in French) is the Metropolitan area surrounding Quebec City, in the Canadian province UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The Standard Geographical Classification ( SGC) is a system maintained by Statistics Canada for categorizing and enumerating the Census geographic units of Canada The National Topographic System or NTS (Système national de référence cartographique is the topographic system used by Canada for providing general Geographical Names Board of Canada is a national committee of the Canadian Government Department of National Resources which authorizes the names used on official French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. It is the second largest city in the province, after Montreal. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec City is about 233 kilometres (145 mi) away from Montreal. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only remaining fortified city walls in the Americas north of Mexico, and were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Quebec". Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 ^[3] It is also one of the oldest cities in North America (founded in 1608). This is a list of cities in As of the 2006 Canadian Census, the city has a population of 491,142^[1], and the metropolitan area has a population of 715,515^[2]. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central

The narrow width of the river as it enters the towns of Quebec and Lévis, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec being the Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows". Lévis (officially Ville de Lévis (City of Lévis) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. Quebec City is internationally known for its Summer Festival, Winter Carnival and the Château Frontenac, a historic hotel which dominates the city skyline. The Festival d'été, or Summer Festival (Full French name Festival d'été de Québec, full English name Quebec City Summer Festival) has been taking place annually The Quebec Winter Carnival (or Carnaval de Québec) held yearly in Quebec City, Canada, is the biggest winter carnival in the world The Château Frontenac Grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis The National Assembly of Quebec (provincial parliament), the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Musée de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec. The National Assembly of Quebec (Assemblée nationale du Québec is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Musée de la civilisation (French for "Museum of Civilization" is a Museum located in Quebec City.

Among the tourist attractions near the city are Montmorency Falls and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré in the town of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré. The Montmorency Falls form a large Waterfall in Quebec, Canada, located near Quebec City. The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a Basilica set along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, 30 kilometres (19 miles east of Quebec City Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a village in La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, Quebec, at the junction of the Sainte Anne river with the St Lawrence

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history: from Stadacona to Seven Years War 1.2 British rule 1.3 20th and 21st centuries 1.4 Capital 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 3 Cityscape 3.1 Architecture 4 Government 5 Demographics 6 Culture 6.1 Tourism 6.1.1 Natural science sites 6.1.2 Museums 6.2 Sport 6.2.1 Teams 6.2.2 Former teams 6.2.3 Sporting events 6.3 Media 7 Education 8 Infrastructure 8.1 Air and sea 8.2 Roads 8.3 Public transit 8.4 Public safety 9 Sister cities 10 References 11 External links

History

Main article: History of Quebec City

See also: Name of Quebec City

Early history: from Stadacona to Seven Years War

Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. While many of the major cities in Mexico date from the sixteenth century, among cities in the U. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. S. and Canada only St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Port Royal, Nova Scotia, St. Augustine, Florida, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Tadoussac, Quebec were created earlier than Quebec City. St John's (ˌseɪntˈdʒanz French Saint-Jean) is the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and located on the eastern tip Port Royal is a small rural community in the western part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Tadoussac is a village of 857 inhabitants (2005 in Quebec, Canada. However, Quebec City is the first to have been founded with the goal of receiving permanent settlement, and not as a commercial outpost, and therefore is considered to be the first European-built city in non-Spanish North America. A settlement is a general term used in Archeology, Landscape history and other subjects for a permanent or temporary community in which people live which avoids being Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Québec was founded by Samuel de Champlain on 3 July 1608 at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement called Stadacona. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Laurentian, or St Lawrence Iroquoian, was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the St It was to this settlement that the name "Canada" refers. The name of Canada has been in use since the earliest European settlement in Canada, with the Name originating from a First Nations word Although called the cradle of the Francophone population in North America, the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal antedates it. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.

Before Champlain, French explorer Jacques Cartier built a fort at the site in 1535, where he stayed for the winter before going back to France in spring 1536. Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France He came back in 1541 with the goal of building a permanent settlement. This first settlement was abandoned less than one year after its foundation, in the summer 1542, due in large part to the hostility of the natives combined with the harsh living conditions during winter. At the end of French rule in 1763, the territory of present-day Quebec City was a world of contrasts. Forests, villages, fields and pastures surrounded the town of 8 000 inhabitants. The town distinguished itself by its monumental architecture, fortifications, muddy and filthy streets, affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs St-Jean and St-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec City remained a small colonial city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets.

Quebec City was captured by the British in 1759 and held until 1763. It was the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War, in which British troops under General James Wolfe defeated the French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and took the city. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal battle in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths General James Wolfe ( 2 January, 1727 &ndash 13 September, 1759) was a British Army officer known for his training reforms Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon Marquis de Saint-Veran ( February 28, 1712 &ndash September 14, 1759) was the commander of the French France later ceded New France to Britain. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the

British rule

During the American Revolution, revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in an attempt to 'liberate' Quebec City now known as the Battle of Quebec. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Battle of Quebec was an attempt on December 31, 1775, by American colonial rebels to capture the Canadian city of Quebec and enlist French Canadian The defeat of the revolutionaries from the south put an end to the hopes that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Major General Isaac Brock fortified Quebec City by strengthening the walls and building an elevated artillery battery before the War of 1812. Major-General Sir Isaac Brock KB (6 October 1769 – 13 October 1812 was a British Army officer and Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies

In 1840, after the Province of Canada was formed, the capital was shared between Kingston, Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa and Quebec City (from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866). Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. In 1867, Ottawa (which was chosen to be the permanent capital of the Province of Canada) was chosen to be the capital of the Dominion of Canada. The Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation was held here. The Quebec Conference was the second meeting held in 1864 to discuss Canadian Confederation. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the

20th and 21st centuries

During World War II, two conferences were held in Quebec City. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The first one was held in 1943 with Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the United States' president),Winston Churchill (the United Kingdom's prime minister), William Lyon Mackenzie King (Canada's prime minister) and T.V. Soong (China's minister of foreign affairs). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG ( December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian Tse-ven Soong, or Soong Tzu-wen ( 1894 – 1971 was a prominent businessman and politician in the early 20th century Republic of China. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The second one was held in 1944, and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and of nearby Château Frontenac. The Citadelle —the French name is used both in English and French—is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of The Château Frontenac Grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. A large part of the D-Day Landings plans were made during those meetings. D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote

Capital

Throughout its four hundred years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital. From 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was capital of French Canada and all of New France, from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the Province of Quebec, from 1791 to 1841, it was the capital of Lower Canada, from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866, it was capital of the Province of Canada and from 1867 to today, it has been capital of Quebec. Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched along the St The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. The Province of Lower Canada (French Province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk

Geography

Quebec City is located in the Saint Lawrence River valley, on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River near its meeting with the St. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway Charles River. The region is low-lying and flat. The river valley has rich, arable soil, which makes this region the most fertile in the province. The Laurentian Mountains lie to the north of the city. The Laurentian Mountains (French Laurentides) are a Mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St

Upper Town lies on the top of Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond) promontory. A high stone wall surrounds this portion of the city. The Plains of Abraham are located near the edge of the promontory. The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108- Acre (44- Hectare) Plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, Lower Town is located at shore level, below Cap-Diamant.

Climate

Quebec City has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfb) characterized by cold and snowy winters, warm and rather humid summers, and ample precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Quebec City is one of the snowiest cities in Canada (the mean annual snowfall is 384 cm) and is almost guaranteed a white Christmas. A white Christmas, to most people in the Northern Hemisphere, refers to Snowy weather on Christmas Day. The prolonged winter season and ample snowfall led to the idea of establishing the Quebec Winter Carnival. The Quebec Winter Carnival (or Carnaval de Québec) held yearly in Quebec City, Canada, is the biggest winter carnival in the world The transitional seasons, spring and autumn, are rather short, although autumn produces spectacular foliage colors. The summer is the sunniest, and paradoxically, the wettest time of year.

Cityscape

On January 1, 2002, the former towns of Sainte-Foy, Beauport, Charlesbourg, Sillery, Loretteville, Val-Bélair, Cap-Rouge, Saint-Émile, Vanier, L'Ancienne-Lorette, Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Lac-Saint-Charles were annexed by Quebec City. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. L'Ancienne-Lorette is a city in central Quebec, Canada. It is a Suburb to the west of Quebec City. Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is a city in central Quebec, Canada on the St This was one of several municipal mergers which took place across Quebec on that date. The most recent episode of municipal reorganization in Quebec, Canada, was undertaken in 2002 by the Parti Québécois Government of Quebec, headed Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on January 1, 2006, but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Quebec City has thirty-four districts in eight boroughs. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice

Borough	Districts
La Cité	Latin/Old Quebec · Quartier gai · Saint-Jean-Baptiste · Montcalm · Saint-Sacrement · Petit Champlain · Saint-Sauveur · Saint-Roch · Saint-Malo
Les Rivières	Lebourgneuf, Duberger, Les Saules and Vanier
Sainte-Foy—Sillery	Cité universitaire · Saint-Louis · Sillery · Pointe-de-Ste-Foy
Charlesbourg	Saint-Rodrigue · Des Sentiers · Des Monts
Beauport	Vieux-Moulin · Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux · Villeneuve · Courville
Limoilou	Maizerets · Vieux-Limoilou · Lairet · Du Colisée
La Haute-Saint-Charles	Lac-Saint-Charles, Saint-Émile, Neufchâtel and Loretteville
Laurentien	Val-Bélair, Cap-Rouge
*These neighbourhoods are not legally separate. Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. Le Quartier gai de Québec (English: The Gay Quarter of Québec is a part of La Cité, in Quebec City. Saint-Jean-Baptiste is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, the Capital of the Province of Quebec in Canada. Sainte-Foy—Sillery is the wealthiest borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Maizerets is a part of the Limoilou borough of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that has a population of 7197

Architecture

. Many of the city's best architecture is located east of the fortification walls in Vieux-Québec (Old Quebec) and Place Royale. Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec is a neighbourhood of Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec in Canada. This area has a distinct European feel with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte St-Louis and Porte St-Jean are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown. West of the walls are the Parliament Hill district and the Plains of Abraham. The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108- Acre (44- Hectare) Plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada,

The Upper Town is linked by the Escalier «casse-cou» (literally "neck-breaking" steps) and the Old Quebec Funicular to the Lower Town, which includes such sites as the ancient Notre Dame des Victoires church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Musée de la Civilisation (Museum of Civilization). The Old Quebec Funicular (Funiculaire du Vieux-Québec is a funicular railway in the Old Quebec neighbourhood of the city of Quebec in Canada Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Quebec City, is a small church in the Lower Town of Quebec City The Musée de la civilisation (French for "Museum of Civilization" is a Museum located in Quebec City. The Lower Town is filled with original architecture and street designs, dating back to the city's beginnings. Murals and statues are also featured. The Lower Town is also noted for its wide variety of boutiques, many featuring hand-crafted goods. A boutique, from the French word for "shop" is a small Shopping outlet especially one that specialises in elite and fashionable items such as Clothing

Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive Château Frontenac Hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. The Château Frontenac Grand hotel is one of the most popular attractions in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The hotel is beside the Terrasse Dufferin (Dufferin Terrace), a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence River.

The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby Plains of Abraham, site of the battle in which the British took Quebec from France, and the Citadelle of Quebec, a Canadian Forces installation and the federal vice-regal secondary residence. The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108- Acre (44- Hectare) Plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Citadelle —the French name is used both in English and French—is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative The National Assembly, Quebec's provincial legislature, is also near the Citadelle. The National Assembly of Quebec (Assemblée nationale du Québec is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada.

Near the Château Frontenac is Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral, mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec. The Cathedral - Minor basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec ( Our Lady of Quebec City) located at 20 rue de Buade Quebec Quebec, is the The Archdiocese of Québec (Archidioecesis Quebecensis Archidiocèse de Québec is the oldest Catholic see in the New World north It is the first church in the New World to be raised to a basilica and is the primatial church of Canada. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first" is a title or rank bestowed on some Bishops in certain Christian churches

Government

The current mayor of Quebec City is Régis Labeaume, who was elected in a special election on December 2, 2007 following the death in office of Andrée P. Boucher, an independent, on August 24. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Régis Labeaume (born 1956 in Roberval, Lac Saint-Jean) is a businessman writer and current mayor of Quebec City Quebec, Canada. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Andrée P Boucher, ( January 31, 1937 &ndash August 24, 2007) Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Jacques Joli-Coeur of the Renouveau municipal de Québec party served as interim mayor between Boucher's death and the by-election. Jacques Joli-Coeur (born in 1940 is a Politician from the Renouveau municipal de Québec in Quebec, Canada. The Renouveau municipal de Québec (Municipal renewal of Québec is a political party in the city of Québec, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections

The current leader of the Renouveau municipal de Québec party, and leader of the majority group on Quebec City Council, is Jean-Marie Matte. Quebec City Council consists of a Mayor, and of 37 representatives distributed in the 37 districts, with a president by borough in the elected

Party	Initial	Chief	Governorship	Opposition	Seats
Renouveau municipal de Québec	R. The Renouveau municipal de Québec (Municipal renewal of Québec is a political party in the city of Québec, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections M. Q.	Jean-Marie Matte	1989 - 2005	2005 - 2007	23
Action civique de Québec	A. Action civique de Québec is a political party in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada that contests municipal elections C. Q.	Claude Larose	N/A	N/A	5
Parti Vision Québec	V. Q.	Marc Bellemare	N/A	N/A	0
Option Capitale	O. Marc Bellemare (born 3 May 1956) is a Canadian lawyer and politician from Quebec. C.	Pierre Coté	N/A	N/A	0
Independent	Ind.	X	X	X	9
Vacant	X	X	X	X	0
Total					37

Demographics

According to the 2006 census, there were 491,142 people residing in Quebec City proper, and 715,515 people in the city's census metropolitan area. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Of this total, 48. 2% were male and 51. 8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4. 7% of the resident population of Quebec City. This compares with 5. 2% in the province of Quebec, and 5. 6% for Canada overall.

While Montreal is considered by many to be a bilingual city, with many of its residents having a working knowledge of both French and English, Quebec City and its surrounding region is largely Francophone. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places The large majority of city residents are native French-speakers. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people At the English community's peak during the 1860s, 40% of Quebec City's residents were Anglophone. An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. ^[4] Today, Anglophones only make up 1. 5% of both the city and metropolitan area's population . ^[5]

In mid-2001, 13. 0% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13. 2% in Canada. The average age is 39. 5 years of age compared to 37. 6 years of age for Canada as a whole.

In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Quebec City grew by 1. 6%, compared with an increase of 1. 4% for the province of Quebec as a whole. Population density of Quebec City averaged 216. 4 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 5. 3, for the province of Quebec as a whole.

At the time of that May 2001 census, the population of the Quebec City authority was 682,757, but was 710,700 when encompassing the Greater Quebec City Area, compared with a resident population in the province of Quebec of 7,237,479 people.

According to the 2001 census, over 90% of the population was Roman Catholic, along with very small Jewish and Protestant populations. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2006
131 000	151 000	289 000	379 000	481 000	576 000	645,550[6]	686 569[2]	715 515[2]

Mother tongue language
from Canada 2006 Census^[1]

Language	Population	Percentage (%)
French	456,225	94. The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people 55%
English	7,030	1. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 46%
Both English and French	1,460	0. 3%
Other languages	17,825	3. 69%

Culture

See also: List of events in Quebec City

Tourism

Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival and for its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations. The following is a list of events that take place in Quebec City. The Quebec Winter Carnival (or Carnaval de Québec) held yearly in Quebec City, Canada, is the biggest winter carnival in the world

Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include Montmorency Falls and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré. The Montmorency Falls form a large Waterfall in Quebec, Canada, located near Quebec City. The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a Basilica set along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, 30 kilometres (19 miles east of Quebec City

Natural science sites

Jardin zoologique du Québec, reopened in 2002 after two years of restorations but closed in 2006 after a political decision. The Montmorency Falls form a large Waterfall in Quebec, Canada, located near Quebec City. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also presented several species of mammals. While it emphasizes the indigenous fauna of Quebec, one of its principal attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from these areas.

Parc Aquarium du Québec, reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the St. Lawrence River, presents more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic fauna of North America and the Arctic. Parc Aquarium du Quebec is an Aquarium located in Sainte-Foy Quebec, Canada. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Polar bears and various species of seals of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, form part of the principal attractions. The polar bear ( Ursus maritimus) is a Bear native to the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding seas Pinnipeds ("fin-feet" lit "winged feet" or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semi-aquatic marine Mammals comprising

Museums

• Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
• Musée de la civilisation
• Musée de l'Amérique française
• Espace Félix Leclerc
• Musée naval de Québec
• Choco-Musée Erico
• Musée des Ursulines de Québec (See Ursulines of Quebec)
• La Citadelle de Québec/The Royal 22^e Régiment Museum
• Musée de l'Abeille
• Plains of Abraham Exhibition Center

Sport

Teams

• Quebec Kebs of the Premier Basketball League
• Québec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
• Québec Radio X of the Ligue nord-américaine de hockey
• Quebec Capitales of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball
• Laval University Rouge-et-Or of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport men's football
• Quebec City Monarks of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
• Quebec City Rebelles of the Ligue de football majeur du Québec
• FC Quebec of the Canadian Soccer League
• Quebec Phoenix of the Canadian Women's Hockey League

Former teams

• Quebec Bulldogs of the National Hockey League
• Quebec Nordiques of the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association
• Quebec Aces of the American Hockey League
• Quebec Citadelles of the American Hockey League
• Québec Rafales of the International Hockey League
• Quebec Caribous of the National Lacrosse League (1974-75)
• Québec Carnavals of baseball's Eastern League

Sporting events

• Challenge Bell, a women's WTA tennis tournament. The Quebec Kebs (Kebs de Quebec in French, and short for Kebekwa, a Phonetic spelling of the word Québécois, or "Quebeckers" The Premier Basketball League ( PBL) is a professional Basketball league that began play in January 2008 There have been two Junior ice hockey franchises known as the Québec Remparts that played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (French la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec, abbreviated QMJHL in English LHJMQ in French is See also North American Hockey League (1973–1977 and North American Hockey League. The Quebec Capitales are a professional baseball team based in Quebec City Quebec, in Canada. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities The Monarks are the Québec City team in the LFMQ Links Official website of the Quebec Monarks Official website of the Ligue de Football Majeur The Rebelles (Rebelles Football are the Québec City Football team in the LFMQ Links Official website of the Quebec Rebelles (in French Official FC Quebec are an Expansion team to the professional Canadian Soccer League due to join the competition in 2009. The Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL Ice hockey league was founded in 2007 and has seven Ice hockey teams from Ontario and Quebec For the former minor league baseball team known as the Quebec Athletics, see Quebec Athletics (baseball The Quebec Bulldogs were The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Quebec Nordiques (Nordiques de Québec pronounced in Quebec French, in Canadian English; translated into English as "Northerners" were The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The World Hockey Association (French Association Mondiale de Hockey) was a professional Ice hockey league that operated in North America from 1972 The Quebec Aces, also known in French as As de Québec, were an amateur and later a professional men's Ice hockey team from Quebec City, Quebec American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary The Quebec Citadelles (French Citadelles de Québec) were an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary The Atlanta Knights were a Minor league professional Ice hockey team in the International Hockey League from 1992 to 1996 The International Hockey League (IHL was a minor Professional Ice hockey league in the United States and Canada from 1945 to 2001 The National Lacrosse League was a Box lacrosse league that lasted two seasons 1974 and 1975 The Eastern League is a Minor league baseball league which operates primarily in the northeastern United States, although it has had a team in Ohio The Bell Challenge is a WTA Tour Tier III Tennis Tournament held in Quebec City, Canada since 1993. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles)
• Quebec City International Pee-Wee Tournament, a major minor hockey tournament. Minor hockey is Ice hockey as played by "minor league" teams as opposed to "major league" or professional teams such as those in the American Hockey

The Quebec Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and then in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the Montreal Canadiens, and the Buffalo Sabres. The Quebec Nordiques (Nordiques de Québec pronounced in Quebec French, in Canadian English; translated into English as "Northerners" were The World Hockey Association (French Association Mondiale de Hockey) was a professional Ice hockey league that operated in North America from 1972 The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Montreal Canadiens (Les Canadiens de Montréal are a professional Ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Buffalo Sabres are a professional Ice hockey team based in Buffalo New York. Due to financial problems, the team moved to Denver, Colorado in 1995, becoming Colorado Avalanche. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The Colorado Avalanche are a professional Ice hockey team based in Denver Colorado, United States There has been discussion of bringing a team back to the city, but former mayor Andrée Boucher had not supported the project. Andrée P Boucher, ( January 31, 1937 &ndash August 24, 2007) It is generally expected that Quebec City will need to build a new arena to get a new team, replacing the Colisée Pepsi, as well as organizing an ownership group. Colisée Pepsi ( English: Pepsi Coliseum; formerly the Colisée de Québec -- Quebec (City Coliseum) is a multi-purpose indoor arena

There have been discussions around getting a Canadian Football League team. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in Quebec City is expected to be in competition with Moncton and Halifax for the franchise, though a new stadium would likely be needed as well. Moncton ( is a Canadian city located in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital The local football team, the Rouge & Or of the Université Laval remains very popular. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams

Quebec City was appointed, together with Halifax, Nova Scotia, co-host of the 2008 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships Quebec City played host to various games (Group A and Group D) and the semi-finals, the bronze game and the finals. See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's The 2008 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships was the 72nd such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The IIHF World Championships were last held in North America in 1962, by Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF was founded in 1908 as the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace and is the worldwide governing body for Ice The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The City of Colorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado,

Quebec City was the host of the Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games, held from February 26 to March 1, 2008. Special Olympics Canada is a national organization created to help people with Intellectual disabilities develop self-confidence and social skills through Sports training Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This event brought together over 1,000 athletes, coaches and mission staff members from Canada’s 10 provinces and 3 territories as well as more than 600 volunteers. Competitions were held throughout the week in the following sports: curling, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing , downhill skiing, floor hockey, figure skating and speed skating. The snowsoeing and cross-country events were held on the Plains of Abraham, one of Canada's most historic sites. The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108- Acre (44- Hectare) Plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The athletes selected for the Games strove for a place in Team Canada’s training group at the 2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games. The Special Olympics World Games are an international sporting competition for athletes with Intellectual disabilities, organized by Special Olympics.

Media

Main article: Media of Quebec City

Education

Université Laval is located in the western end of the city, in the borough of Sainte-Foy. However, the school of architecture of Université Laval is located in Old Quebec. The central campus of the Université du Québec, originally in Sainte-Foy, is also, since the amalgamation, located in Quebec City, as are the Université du Québec's École nationale d'administration publique, Institut national de la recherche scientifique and Télé-université divisions. The Université du Québec is a system of ten provincially-run public universities in Quebec, Canada. The École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP (National School of Public Administration in English located in Quebec City, Quebec, was established in The Institut national de la recherche scientifique (French National Institute of Scientific Research) is the research-oriented branch of Université du Québec Télé-université is a component of the Université du Québec à Montréal.

Numerous CEGEPs are located in Quebec city, including Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau, Cégep O'Sullivan, Cégep Limoilou, Cégep de Sainte-Foy and Champlain-St. A CEGEP (ˈseɪʒɛp or /ˈsiːʤɛp/ French: Cégep) is a post-secondary education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in Cégep Limoilou is a French -language Cégep in the province of Quebec. Lawrence College, as well as private institutions such as Collège Notre-Dame-de-Foy, Collège Mérici, Collège Bart, Collège CDI and Collège Multihexa

Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, the Ursulines of Quebec monastery, located at 12 Rue Donnacona. CDI College is a For-profit college in Canada. It offers programs in the business technology and health care fields The Ursuline Convent of Quebec City, (french Couvent Ursulines founded in 1639 is the oldest institution of learning for women in North America

Infrastructure

Air and sea

Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport, located in the West of the city. Québec/Jean Lesage International Airport or Jean Lesage International Airport was established in 1939 a year after the closure of the Aérodrome Saint-Louis ^[7]

The city also has a large major port on the St-Lawrence in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo ^[8]

Roads

Three bridges, the Quebec Bridge and Pierre Laporte Bridge connect the city with the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, as does a ferry service to Lévis, and Orleans Island Bridge connects Quebec City with the Orleans Island. The Quebec Bridge ( Pont de Québec in French in Canada crosses the lower Saint Lawrence River to the west of Quebec City, and The Pierre Laporte Bridge ( Pont Pierre-Laporte) is the longest main span Suspension bridge in Canada. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Lévis (officially Ville de Lévis (City of Lévis) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. The Île d'Orléans Bridge, known locally as the Pont de l'Île, is a Suspension bridge that spans the Saint Lawrence River between Montmorency Île d'Orléans is located in the Saint Lawrence River about 20 km to the east of Quebec City 's downtown Quebec, Canada. The city is a major hub in the Quebec provincial road network, fanning out from both sides of the river with an extensive autoroute system. Autoroute is the French word for a major high-speed road restricted to motor vehicles without crossings and having limited access

Several important motorways of the Quebec road network pass by Quebec City, of which Autoroute 40 connects it towards the west to Montreal and Route 175 connects it towards the north to Chicoutimi. Autoroute 40 (officially called Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal and Metropolitan Expressway/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal is Route 175 is a major north/south highway on both sides of the St Chicoutimi is one of the three boroughs of Saguenay Quebec, Canada, and was a separate city in its own right until 2002

Three principal expressways cross the agglomeration from the north to the south (starting from the west): Autoroute Henri-IV, Autoroute Robert-Bourassa , and Autoroute Laurentienne. Autoroute 573 is a short spur road located in Quebec City, Quebec, connecting Autoroute 73 and Autoroute 40 to Route 369. Autoroute 740 (or A-740, also called Autoroute Robert-Bourassa) is a short connecting highway in Quebec City, Canada. Autoroute 73 (or A-73, also called Autoroute Robert-Cliche south of Quebec City and Autoroute Laurentienne to the north is an important Three other motorways cross the western part of town (from north to south): Autoroute Félix Leclerc (known by the inhabitants as "Autoroute de la Capitale"), Autoroute Charest, as well as Champlain Boulevard, which goes along the river to the Downtown area, then another Autoroute called Dufferin-Montmorency allows easier access to the extreme east of the city. Autoroute 40 (officially called Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal and Metropolitan Expressway/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal is Autoroute 440 (or A-440) is a superhighway located in Quebec City. Autoroute 440 (or A-440) is a superhighway located in Quebec City.

Public transit

The Réseau de transport de la Capitale is responsible for public transit in the region. The Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC was established in 2002 from the merger of Société de transport de la Communauté urbaine de Québec and la Société de transport The RTC operates a fleet of buses and will eventually implement articulated buses. The RTC is studying the return of a tram system to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The $700-million revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own.

Rail transport is operated by VIA Rail at the (Gare du Palais). VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail Gare du Palais (‘Palace Station’ is a train and bus station in Quebec City, Canada. The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station.

Public safety

Quebec City is protected by Service de police de la Ville de Québec and Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec. The Service de police de la Ville de Québec is the police force of Quebec City, Quebec. Quebec City has one of the lowest crime rates in Canada. The city reported no murders in 2007, a streak that stretched back to October 31, 2006. ^[9]

Sister cities

• Albany, United States
• Beirut, Lebanon ^[10]
• Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France (since 1962)
• Calgary, Alberta, Canada (since 1956)
• Cannes, France
• Changchun, China
• Iaşi, Romania
• Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico (since 2002)
• Huế, Vietnam (since 2005)
• Liège, Belgium (since 2002)
• Montevideo, Uruguay (since 2000)
• Namur, Belgium (since 1999)
• Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (since 2000)
• Paris, France (since 2003)
• Sousse, Tunisia (since 2004)
• St. Petersburg, Russia (since 2002)
• Xi'an, China (since 2001)

References

External links

• Official website of Quebec City
• Official website of Quebec City Tourism
• Québec 2008 (400th Anniversary)

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