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The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo. This is a list of Acts of Parliament of the English Parliament during that body's existence prior to the Act of Union of 1707 This is a list of Acts of Parliament of the English Parliament during that body's existence prior to the Act of Union of 1707 This is a list of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England from 1642 to 1660, during the English Civil War and the Interregnum. This is a list of Acts of Parliament of the English Parliament during that body's existence prior to the Act of Union of 1707 This is a list of Acts of Parliament of the English Parliament during that body's existence prior to the Act of Union of 1707 List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament to 1707 is a list of Acts of Parliament of the Parliament of Scotland. This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland for the years up to 1700. This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland for the years 1701 to 1800. This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1707-1719 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1720-1739 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1740-1759 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1760-1779 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1780-1800 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1801-1819 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1820-1839 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1840-1859 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1860-1879 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1880-1899 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1900-1919 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1920-1939 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1940-1959 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1960-1979 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1980-1999 This is a list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 2000 to the present "Acts of the Scottish Parliament" redirects here For pre-Union acts see List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament to 1707. This is a list of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, from its first session in 1921 to suspension in 1972. This is a list of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly passed by that body from its establishment in 2000 until its suspension in 2002 and from its re-establishment in |align=left| Contemporary Welsh Law English Law Courts of England and Wales ---- National Assembly The is a list of Orders in Council for Northern Ireland which are Primary legislation for the province when it is being directly ruled from London and also for A Statutory Instrument ( SI) is the principal form in which delegated or Secondary legislation is made in Great Britain. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland III c. 83) setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War.

Principal components of the act:

Background

After the Seven Years' War, a victorious Great Britain achieved a peace agreement through the Treaty of Paris (1763). The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain Under the terms of the treaty, the Kingdom of France chose to keep the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique for their valuable sugar production instead of its vast North American territories east of the Mississippi River known as New France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the New France was then considered less valuable, as its only significant commercial product at the time was beaver pelts. Beavers are two primarily nocturnal semi-aquatic species of Rodent, one native to North America and one to Europe The territory located along the St. Lawrence River, called Canada by the French, was renamed Quebec by the British, after its capital city. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province

The Canadians became British subjects, but to be admitted to any public office they were required to swear a test oath, rejecting their Catholic religion.

With unrest growing in the colonies to the south, which would one day grow into the American Revolution, the British were worried that the French Canadians might also support the growing rebellion. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" At that time, French Canadians formed the vast majority of the population of the province of Quebec (more than 99%) and British immigration was not going well. To secure the allegiance of the approximately 70,000 French Canadians including Cameron and age to the British crown, first Governor James Murray and later Governor Guy Carleton promoted the need for action. James Murray (21 January 1721 Ballencrieff East Lothian, Scotland &ndash 18 June 1794 Battle East Sussex) was a British military officer Guy Carleton 1st Baron Dorchester, KB ( Strabane, Co Tyrone Ireland September 3, 1722 &ndash November 10, 1808 Stubbings There was a need to compromise between the conflicting demands of the new subjects and that of the newly arrived British subjects. This eventually resulted in the Quebec Act of 1774.

Effects on the Province of Quebec

Constitution of the Province of Quebec, 1775
Constitution of the Province of Quebec, 1775

The Quebec Act restored the former French civil tradition for private law, which had been ended in 1763, and allowed public office holders to practice the Roman Catholic faith. Private law (Civil law is that part of a Legal system that involves relationships between individuals It replaced the oath to Elizabeth I and her heirs with one to George III that had no reference to the Protestant faith. The Oath of Supremacy, imposed by the Act of Supremacy 1559, provided for any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the monarch as George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. In other words, for the first time since becoming a British colony, French Canadians were able to participate in the affairs of the colonial government. However, there was no elected legislative assembly; the province was to be governed by an appointed governor and legislative council. [1] As a result of this act, the American revolutionaries failed to gain the support of the Canadians during the American Revolution. Finally, the act annexed to Quebec the area east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River.

The Effects of the Quebec Act[2]

Territory 
Quebec was expanded to the west to the Upper Mississippi and Ohio River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The province was now approximately three times larger than it was originally.
Government 
Roman Catholics were now allowed to hold office and there was no elected assembly. Rather than the previous Royal Proclamation system, Quebec was now governed by a governor and legislative council. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain 's acquisition of French territory
Law 
The traditional French system of private law was restored.
Religion 
The tithe (a religious tax) was once again allowed to be collected. A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy Also, the Jesuit priests who had, prior to the Act, had been deported were now allowed to return. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order
Land use system 
The Seigneurial System was restored rather than the Township System. A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government


Participation of the Canadians

The internal communications of the British colonial government at Quebec suggest a relative failure of the purpose of the Quebec Act. On 4 February 1775 Governor Guy Carleton writes to General Thomas Gage that he believes the Canadians to be generally happy with the act, yet he also adds:

[. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Thomas Gage (1719 April 2, 1787) was a British general and commander in chief of the North American forces from 1763 to 1775 during the early days of the . . ] I must not however conceal from Your Excellency, that the Gentry, well disposed, and heartily desirous as they are, to serve the Crown, and to serve it with Zeal, when formed into regular Corps, do not relish commanding a bare Militia, they never were used to that Service under the French Government, (and perhaps for good Reasons) besides the sudden Dismission of the Canadian Regiment raised in 1764, without Gratuity or Recompence to Offices, who engaged in our Service almost immediately after the Cession of the Country, of taking any Notice of them since, tho' they all expected half pay, is still uppermost in their Thoughts, and not likely to encourage their engaging a second Time in the same Way; as to the Habitants or Peasantry, ever since the Civil Authority has been introduced into the Province, the Government of it has hung so loose, and retained so little Power, they have in a Manner emancipated themselves, and it will require Time, and discreet Management likewise, to recall them to their ancient Habits of Obedience and Discipline; considering all the new Ideas they have been acquiring for these ten years past, can it be thought they will be pleased at being suddenly, and without Preparation embodied into a Militia, and marched from their Families, Lands, and Habitations to remote Provinces, and all the Horrors of War, which they have already experienced; It would give appearance of Truth to the Language of our Sons of Sedition, at this very Moment busily employed instilling into their Minds, that the Act was passed merely to serve the present Purposes of Government, and in the full Intention of ruling over them with all the Despotism of their ancient Masters. [3]

In the same communication, the temporary and circumstantial nature of the act is hinted to when he writes:

[. . . ] It may be further observed, that the Act is no more than the Foundation of future Establishments; that the new Commissions and Instructions, expected out, are not yet arrived, and that the Dissolution of the present Constitution, if it deserves the Name, and Establishment of the new one, are still at some Distance; [4]

About 4 months later, Carleton's apprehensions regarding the ability of the Canadian noblesse (nobility) and clergy to rule over the people are proved right. On June 7, he writes to Colonial Secretary Dartmouth:

My Lord! The 19th of last Month in the Evening, I received Intelligence from General Gage by Sea of the Rebels having commenced Hostilities in the Province of the Massachusetts, and Requesting I would send the 7th Regiment with some Companies of Canadians and Indians to Crown Point, in order to make a Diversion, and favour his Operations. William Legge 2nd Earl of Dartmouth PC, FRS ( June 20 1731 &ndash July 7 1801) was a British Statesman [. . . ] [5]

The little Force we have in the Province was immediately set in Motion, and ordered to assemble at or near St. John's; The Noblesse of this Neighbourhood were called upon to collect their Inhabitants, in order to defend themselves, the Savages of those Parts likewise had the same orders; but tho' the Gentlemen testified great Zeal, neither their Entreaties or their Example could prevail upon the People; a few of the Gentry, consisting principally of the Youth, residing in this Place, and its Neighbourhood, formed a small Corps of Volunteers under the Command of Mr. Samuel Mackay, and took Post at St. John's; the Indians shewed as much Backwardness as the Canadian Peasantry. [. . . ] [6]

Less than a month later, on June 28, 1775, Chief Justice William Hey writes to the Lord Chancellor from Quebec:

[. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a . . ] What will be your Lordships astonishment when I tell you that an act passed for the express purpose of gratifying the Canadians & which was supposed to comprehend all that they either wished or wanted is become the first object of their discontent & dislike. English officers to command them in time of war, & English Laws to govern them in time of Peace, is the general wish. the former they know to be impossible (at least at present) & by the latter if I understand them right, they mean no Laws & no Government whatsoever - in the mean time it may be truly said that Gen. Carleton had taken an ill measure of the influence of the seigneurs & Clergy over the lower order of people whose Principle of conduct founded in fear & the sharpness of authority over them now no longer exercised, is unrestrained, & breaks out in every shape of contempt or detestation of those whom they used to behold with terror & who gave them I believe too many occasions to express it. And the on their parts have been and are too much elated with the advantages they supposed they should derive from the restoration of their old Privileges & customs, & indulged themselves in a way of thinking & talking that gave very just offence, as well to their own People as to the English merchants. [7]

On September 21, 1775, Lieutenant-Governor Cramahé, who replaces Carleton at Quebec, writes to Dartmouth on the failure to rally the people:

My Lord ! I am sorry to transmit to Your Lordship the disagreeable account of a disagreeable Business, some time in the Beginning of this Month, upon news of the Rebel Army approaching, General Carleton set out for Montreal in great Haste; the 7th instant the Rebels landed in the Woods near St. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Hector Theophilus de Cramahé ( 1 October 1720 &ndash 9 June 1788) born Théophile Hector Chateigner de Cramahé, was Lieutenant-Governor John's, and beat back to their Boats by a Party of Savages incamped at that Place; in this Action the Savages behaved with great Spirit and Resolution, and had they remained firm to our Interests, probably the Province would have been safe for this Year, but finding the Canadians in General averse to the taking up Arms for the Defence of their Country, they withdrew, and made their Peace. After their Defeat the Rebels retired to the Isle aux Noix, where they continued till lately, sending out some Parties, and many Emissaries, to debauch the Minds of the Canadians and Indians, in which they have proved too successful, and for which they were too well prepared by the Cabals and Intrigues of these two last years; We knew of their being reinforced, and very considerably, I suppose, as they appeared in Numbers near St. John's last Sunday Evening; where or when they landed, or the Particulars since, we have but very imperfect Accounts of, all Communications with the Forts of St. John's and Chambli, being, as far as I can find, entirely cut off. No Means have been left untried to bring the Canadian Peasantry to a Sense of their Duty, and engage them to take up arms in Defence of the Province, but all to no Purpose. The Justice must be done to the Gentry, Clergy, and most of the Bourgeoisie, that they have shewen the greatest Zeal and Fidelity to the King's Service, and exerted their best endeavours to reclaim their infatuated Countrymen; [. . . ][8]

Effect on the Thirteen Colonies

While it is clear that the Quebec Act did much to secure the allegiance of the Canadians to Britain, it had other unforeseen consequences. Population of Canada: 31612895 (2006 Census Provinces and territories Metropolitan areas Cities It was termed one of the Intolerable Acts by the American colonists, further contributing to the American Revolution. The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies

American colonists had concerns with the provisions of the act. For one, it guaranteed that residents of the Ohio Country were free to profess the Roman Catholic faith. The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains Settlers from Virginia and other colonies were already entering that area. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Land development companies had already been formed to drive out the Native inhabitants and exploit the territory. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Many of the leaders of the American Revolution, such as George Washington and Daniel Boone, were wealthy land speculators who had much to gain by establishing a new government that would not be bound by British treaties with the Indians, such as the Proclamation of 1763, that recognized Indian rights to these lands. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Daniel Boone ( &ndash September 26 1820 was an American pioneer and hunter whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain 's acquisition of French territory [1] Americans denounced the Act for promoting the growth of papism and cutting back on freedom and traditional rights.

Langston (2006) looked at press reaction in New England. Some colonial editors explained their views on how it reorganized Canadian governance, explaining how they felt it established direct rule by the Crown and limiting the reach of English law to criminal jurisprudence. Isaiah Thomas of the Massachusetts Spy drew links between the Quebec Act and legislation circumscribing American liberties, such as the Tea Act and the Coercive Acts. Isaiah Thomas ( January 8, 1749 - April 4, 1831) was an American newspaper publisher and author The history of American newspapers goes back to the 17th century with the publication of the first colonial newspapers The Tea Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (13 Geo III c The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies Editors shaped public opinion by writing editorials and reprinting opposition letters from both sides of the Atlantic. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor The First Continental Congress, which met from 5 September to 26 October 1774, addressed the inhabitants of Quebec, warning them of the perils of the increasingly arbitrary, tyrannical, and oppressive nature of British government. The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies that met on September 5 1774 in

The Act was never enforced outside Canada. Its main significance in the Thirteen Colonies was that it angered the rebels, weakened the Crown's supporters (Loyalists), and helped to accelerate the confrontation that became the American Revolution (Miller 1943). The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris (1783 recognized the This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For information on the role of those Loyalists in Canadian history after their emigration see United Empire In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Act is listed as one of the rebels' grievances in the Declaration of Independence. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then When the war started the British Parliament made an unsuccessful effort to repeal the laws in hopes of mollifying the angry colonists, but it did not work. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories

Footnotes

  1. ^ The appointed council was temporary, and composed of residents of the Province. Article XII, providing for an appointed Legislative Council, was repealed by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The Constitutional Act of 1791 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (1791 (31 Geo (See full text of act here. )
  2. ^ Maddock, Brian; History & Citizenship Education 3
  3. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 660
  4. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 661
  5. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 663
  6. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 665
  7. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 670
  8. ^ Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada 1759-1791, page 667

References

See also

External links

The Constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain This article presents a detailed timeline of Quebec history. Events taking place outside Quebec, for example in English Canada, the United States, Pre-1867 Before the arrival of the Europeans the region was inhabited both by Algonquian ( Ojibwa, Cree and Algonquin) and Iroquoian Inhabited for millennia by First Nations ( aboriginal) the history of Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into an officially In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots"
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