- For the city, see Quebec City. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province For other uses, see Quebec (disambiguation) and Québécois (disambiguation).
| Québec Quebec[1] | |||||
| |||||
| Motto: Je me souviens (French: "I remember") | |||||
 | |||||
| Capital | Quebec City | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Largest city | Montreal | ||||
| Largest metro | Greater Montreal Area | ||||
| Official languages | French[2] | ||||
| Government | |||||
| Lieutenant-Governor | Pierre Duchesne | ||||
| Premier | Jean Charest (PLQ) | ||||
| Federal representation | in Canadian Parliament | ||||
| House seats | 75 | ||||
| Senate seats | 24 | ||||
| Confederation | July 1, 1867 (1st) | ||||
| Area | Ranked 2nd | ||||
| Total | 1,542,056 km² (595,391 sq mi) | ||||
| Land | 1,365,128 km² (527,079 sq mi) | ||||
| Water (%) | 176,928 km² (68,312 sq mi) (11. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted for the province by the government of Quebec, during the administration of Maurice Duplessis The coat of arms of Quebec was adopted by order-in-council of the Quebec government on December 9, 1939, replacing the arms assigned by royal warrant of A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Je me souviens (in French ʒə mə suˈvjɛ̃ is the official Motto of the Province of Quebec, in Canada. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Lieutenant Governor of Quebec ( French (masculine Lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec, or (feminine Lieutenant-gouverneure du Québec Pierre Duchesne (born 1940 is the current Lieutenant Governor of Quebec and former secretary general of the National Assembly of Quebec. The Premier of Quebec (in French Premier ministre du Québec, sometimes literally translated as Prime Minister of Quebec) is the First minister for the John James Charest PC MNA (known as Jean Charest) ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʀe (born June 24, 1958) is a Canadian The Quebec Liberal Party, (or PLQ) is a liberal Political party in the Canadian province of Quebec. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and The Senate of Canada (Le Sénat du Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the sovereign (represented by the governor general Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Canadian provinces 5%) | ||||
| Population | Ranked 2nd | ||||
| Total (2008) | 7,730,612 (est. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Canadian provinces )[3] | ||||
| Density | 5. 63 /km² (14. 6 /sq mi) | ||||
| GDP | Ranked 2nd | ||||
| Total (2006) | C$285. This article lists Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product. 158 billion[4] | ||||
| Per capita | C$37,278 (10th) | ||||
| Abbreviations | |||||
| Postal | QC[5] | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CA-QC | ||||
| Time zone | UTC−5, −4 | ||||
| Postal code prefix | G, H, J | ||||
| Flower | Blue Flag Iris[6] | ||||
| Tree | Yellow Birch[6] | ||||
| Bird | Snowy Owl[6] | ||||
| Web site | www.gouv.qc.ca | ||||
| Rankings include all provinces and territories | |||||
Quebec (pronounced /kwɨˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/), in French, Québec (/kebɛk/ [1]) is a province in the central part of Canada [7]. This article lists Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product. This is a list of Canadian provincial and territorial postal abbreviations. ISO 3166-2CA is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Canada. Postal codes by province and territoryA Canadian postal code Eastern Quebec - 139 FSAs Metropolitan Montreal - 122 FSAs Notes No postal codes yet exist that start with H6 Western and Northern Quebec - 158 FSAs For the Yellow Flag Iris see Iris pseudacorus Iris versicolor, also commonly known as the Harlequin Blueflag, the Larger Betula alleghaniensis ( Yellow Birch) is a species of Birch native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia, The Snowy Owl ( Bubo scandiacus) is a large Owl of the Typical owl family Strigidae The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Central Canada (sometimes the Central provinces) is a region consisting of Canada 's two largest and most populous provinces: Ontario and Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Other elements of French tradition, such as the civil law legal system, also remain strong in Quebec. Civil law or Romano-Germanic law or Continental law is the predominant system of law in the world.
Nationalism plays a large role in the politics of the province, with all three major provincial political parties seeking greater autonomy and recognition of the Quebec people as a nation. Quebec nationalism is a contemporary nationalist movement in Canada similar to what is found in other multi-ethnic and multi-lingual regions of the world [8] Sovereigntist governments held referendums on independence in 1980 and 1995, and the Canadian House of Commons passed a symbolic motion recognizing the "Québécois as a nation within Canada"[9][10]. The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some The 1980 Quebec referendum was the first Referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second Referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and The Québécois nation motion was a Parliamentary motion tabled by Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper on Wednesday November 22 2006 and approved A Québécois or Quebecois (pronounced) or in the feminine Québécoise (pronounced) (plural Québécoises) is a native or resident of the
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec James Bay (Baie James is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. Hudson Strait links the Atlantic Ocean to Hudson Bay in Canada. Ungava Bay (French baie d'Ungava, Inuktitut (syllabics/Roman ᐅᖓᕙ ᑲᖏᖅᓗᒃ/ ungava kangiqluk) is a large bay in northeastern Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French golfe du Saint-Laurent) the world's largest Estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally It is bordered on the south by the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's
Quebec is the second most populated province, behind Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal, the largest city, and Quebec City, the capital. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, the Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. English-speaking Quebecers (also known as Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers; in French Anglo-Québécois, The Eastern Townships ( French: Cantons de l'Est) is a historical region in south-eastern Quebec, lying between the former seigneuries south of The central and northern portion of the province is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act
While the province's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy, sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace, information and communication technologies, biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form The knowledge economy is a term that refers either to an economy of knowledge focused on the production and management of knowledge in the frame of economic constraints This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. [11]
Contents |
Etymology and boundary changes
The name "Quebec ", which comes from an Algonquin word meaning "Where the river narrows", originally referred to the area around Quebec City where the Saint Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the For the larger language family of which Algonquin is but one member see Algonqu'''ia'''n. Early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq (Levasseur, 1601) and Kébec (Lescarbot 1609). [12] French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the administrative seat for the French colony of New France. Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the [13]
The Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada[14] to Britain after the Seven Years' War. The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain 's acquisition of French territory The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched along the St The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River. The Quebec Act of 1774 restored the Great Lakes and the Ohio River Valley regions to the province. The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Treaty of Versailles, 1783 ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally The United States of America —commonly referred to as the After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada (present day Quebec) and Upper Canada (present day Ontario), with each being granted an elected Legislative Assembly. The Constitutional Act of 1791 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (1791 (31 Geo The Province of Lower Canada (French Province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. In 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. For the Rugby union team that competes in the North America 4 Series, see Canada East (rugby team. The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Each became one of the first four provinces.
In 1870, Canada purchased Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company. Rupert's Land, also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land" was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that Over the next few decades the Parliament of Canada transferred portions of this territory to Quebec that more than tripled the size of the province. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. [15] In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the Cree. The Quebec Boundary Extension Act of 1898 was an act of the Parliament of Canada that expanded the territory of the province of Quebec. Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the aboriginal Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. The District of Ungava was a regional administrative district of Canada 's Northwest Territories from 1895 to 1912 The Quebec Boundaries Extension Act 1912 is an act passed by the Parliament of Canada on April 1, 1912, that expanded the territory of the Province Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom, established by the Judicial Committee Act 1833 Quebec officially disputes this boundary. Modern Labrador Just like its island neighbour Newfoundland early settlement in Labrador was tied to the sea as demonstrated by the Montagnais, Innu and
Geography
.png/200px-Map_of_Quebec_(English).png)
The province occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of France or Texas), most of which is very sparsely populated. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Quebec's highest point is Mont D'Iberville, located on the border with Newfoundland and Labrador in the northeastern part of the province. Mount Caubvick (known as Mont D'Iberville in Quebec) is a Mountain located on the border between Labrador and Quebec in the Selamiut Range Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation
The Saint Lawrence River is one of the worlds largest sustaining large inland Atlantic ports at Montreal (the province's largest city), Trois-Rivières, and Quebec City (the capital). Trois-Rivières is a City in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor Its access to the Atlantic Ocean and the interior of North America made it the base of early French exploration and settlement in the 17th and 18th centuries. French colonization of the Americas began in the 14th century and continued in the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western Since 1959, the Saint Lawrence Seaway has provided a navigable link between the Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Northeast of Quebec City, the river broadens into the world's largest estuary, the feeding site of numerous species of whales, fishes and sea birds[16]. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open The river empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French golfe du Saint-Laurent) the world's largest Estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint This marine environment sustains fisheries and smaller ports in the Lower Saint Lawrence (Bas-Saint-Laurent), Lower North Shore (Côte-Nord), and Gaspé (Gaspésie) regions of the province. The Bas-Saint-Laurent (Lower Saint-Lawrence region is located along the south shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River in Quebec. Côte-Nord ( French for "Northern Shore" area 24762706 km², or 95609 The Gaspésie (official name or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a Peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence
The most populated physiographic region is the Saint Lawrence Lowland. Physical geography (also known as geosystems or physiography) is one of the three major subfields of Geography. The St Lawrence Lowlands is an Ecoregion of the Mixedwood Plains, a physiographic region of Canada and the United States. It extends northeastward from the southwestern portion of the province along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River to the Quebec City region, and includes Anticosti Island, the Mingnan Archipelago[17] and other small islands in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence[18]. Its landscape is low-lying and flat, except for isolated igneous outcrops near Montreal called the Monteregian Hills. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock The Monteregian Hills (Collines Montérégiennes is a linear chain of isolated hills in Montreal and the Montérégie, between the Laurentians and Geologically, the lowlands formed as a rift valley about 100 million years ago and are prone to infrequent but significant earthquakes[19]. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic Rift or fault. The most recent layers of sedimentary rock were formed as the seabed of the ancient Champlain Sea at the end of the last ice age about 14,000 years ago[20]. Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock) The Champlain Sea was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, created by the retreating Glaciers during the close of the last Ice age. The combination of rich and easily arable soils and Quebec's warmest climate make the valley Quebec's most prolific agricultural area. Mixed forests provide most of Canada's maple syrup crop every spring. The Mixedwood Plains is the Canadian ecozone with the most southerly extent covering all of southwestern Ontario, and parts of central and northeastern Ontario and Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes The rural part of the landscape is divided into narrow rectangular tracts of land that extend from the river and date back to settlement patterns in 17th century New France. The seigneurial system of New France was the semi- feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France.
More than 90% of Quebec's territory lies within the Canadian Shield, a rough, rocky terrain sculpted and scraped clean of soil by successive ice ages. The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets It is rich in the forestry, mineral and hydro-electric resources that are a mainstay of the Quebec economy. Primary industries sustain small cities in regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, and Côte-Nord. Abitibi-Témiscamingue is a region located in western Quebec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching Côte-Nord ( French for "Northern Shore" area 24762706 km², or 95609 In the Labrador Peninsula portion of the Shield, the far northern region of Nunavik includes the Ungava Peninsula and consists of Arctic tundra inhabited mostly by the Inuit. Labrador Peninsula is a large peninsula in eastern Canada. It is bounded by the Hudson Bay to the west the Hudson Strait to the north the Labrador Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ comprises the northern third of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Ungava Peninsula of Nunavik, Québec, Canada, is bounded by Hudson Bay to the west Hudson Strait to the north and Ungava The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. In physical Geography, tundra is an area where the Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting Further south lie subarctic taiga and boreal forest, where spruce, fir, and poplar trees provide raw materials for Quebec's pulp and paper and lumber industries. The Subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada and Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. The Pulp and paper industry is one of the most important in Canada. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Although inhabited principally by the Cree, Naskapi, and Innu First Nations, thousands of temporary workers reside at Radisson to service the massive James Bay Hydroelectric Project on the La Grande and Eastmain rivers. The Naskapi are the indigenous Innu inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of what other Canadians refer to as eastern The Innu are the indigenous inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of what other Canadians refer to as eastern Quebec First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people Radisson is a small Village situated near the Robert-Bourassa Hydroelectric Power station on the La Grande River in the James Bay region The James Bay Project (in French projet de la Baie-James) refers to the construction of a series of hydroelectric power stations on the La Grande River "La Grande" redirects here For the Intel technology see LaGrande. Eastmain is a Cree community located on James Bay at the mouth of the Eastmain River, Quebec, Canada. The southern portion of the shield extends to the Laurentians, a mountain range just north of Montreal and Quebec City that attracts local and international tourists to ski hills and lakeside resorts. The Laurentian Mountains (French Laurentides) are a Mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St
The mixed forests of the Appalachian Mountains flank the eastern portion of the province, extending from New England into the Eastern Townships, northeastward through the Beauce region, and on to the Gaspé Peninsula, where they disappear into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests temperate deciduous forest) --> are a Temperate and Humid Biome. The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Eastern Townships ( French: Cantons de l'Est) is a historical region in south-eastern Quebec, lying between the former seigneuries south of The Gaspésie (official name or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a Peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French golfe du Saint-Laurent) the world's largest Estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint This region sustains a mix of forestry, industry, and tourism based on its natural resources and landscape.
Climate
Quebec has three main climate regions. Southern and western Quebec, including most of the major population centres, have a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, humid summers and long, cold winters. The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist The main climatic influences are from western and northern Canada which move eastward and from the southern and central United States that move northward. Because of the influence of both storm systems from the core of North America and the Atlantic Ocean, precipitation is abundant throughout the year, with most areas receiving more than 100 centimetres(40 in) of precipitation, including over 300 centimetres (120 in) of snow in many areas. During the summer, severe weather patterns (such as tornadoes and severe thunderstorms) occasionally occur. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus
Most of central Quebec has a subarctic climate (Koppen Dfc). Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long usually very cold winters and brief warm summers Winters are long and among the coldest in eastern Canada, while summers are warm but very short because of the higher latitude and the greater influence of Arctic air masses. Precipitation is also somewhat less than farther south, except at some of the higher elevations.
The northern regions of Quebec have an arctic climate (Koppen ET), with very cold winters and short, much cooler summers. The Climate of the Arctic is characterized broadly by long cold winters and short cool summers The primary influences in this region are the Arctic Ocean currents (such as the Labrador Current) and continental air masses from the High Arctic. The Labrador Current is a cold current in the north Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around
Culture
Quebec is the largest French-speaking society in the Americas. The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French -speaking majority The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Most French Canadians live in Quebec, though there are other concentrations.
Language
The official language of Quebec is French. This article presents the current language demographics of the Canadian province of Quebec. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Quebec is the only Canadian province whose population is mainly francophone, constituting 79% (5,877,660) of the population according to the 2006 Census. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places [21] 95% of the people speak French as either their first, second or even third language.
English is not designated an official language by Quebec law. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States However, both English and French are required by the Constitution Act, 1867 for the enactment of laws and regulations and any person may use English or French in the National Assembly and the courts of Quebec. The Constitution Act 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act) constitutes a major part of The books and records of the National Assembly must also be kept in both languages. [22][23]
According to the 2006 Canadian census, 575,560 (7. 7% of population) in Quebec declare English as their mother tongue, 744,430 (10. A first language (also mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1) is the language a human being learns from birth 0%) use mostly English as their home language, and 918,955 (12. Home language is a term widely used for a language spoken in the home that is different from the main language spoken in the society 9% according to the 2001 Census) comprise the Official Language Minority, having English as their First Official language spoken. Official bilingualism is the term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies constitutional provisions and laws which give English and French a privileged [24][25][26] The English-speaking community or Anglophones are entitled to services in English in the areas of justice, health, and education; services in English are offered in municipalities in which more than half the residents have English as their mother tongue. English-speaking Quebecers (also known as Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers; in French Anglo-Québécois, An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language.
Allophones, whose mother tongue is neither French nor English, make up 11. In Quebec, an allophone is a resident usually an immigrant whose Mother tongue or Home language is neither English nor French 9% (886,280) of the population. [27]
There is a considerable number of people that consider themselves to be bilingual (having a knowledge of French and English). In Quebec, about 40. 6% (3,017,860) of the population are bilingual, and for the Island of Montreal, this proportion grows to 60% (1,020,760) of the island population. Quebec has the highest proportion of bilinguals among the other Canada provinces. The proportion in Canada is only about 17. 4% (5,448,850) of the population having a knowledge of both of the country's official languages. [28][29]
Languages other than French on commercial signs are only permitted if French is given marked prominence, but recent arguments have lead to many conflicts to this rule.
History
First Nations
At the time of first European contact and later colonization, Algonquian, Iroquoian and Inuit groups were the peoples that inhabited what is now Quebec. Quebec has played a special role in Canadian history it is the site where French settlers founded the colony of Canada (New France in the 1600s and 1700s The Iroquoian languages are a Native American Language family. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting Their lifestyles and cultures reflected the land on which they lived. Seven Algonquian groups lived nomadic lives based on hunting, gathering, and fishing in the rugged terrain of the Canadian Shield: (James Bay Cree, Innu, Algonquins) and Appalachian Mountains (Mi'kmaq, Abenaki). Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that The Innu are the indigenous inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of what other Canadians refer to as eastern Quebec The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. The Míkmaq or Mi'kmaq (miːgmax sometimes spelled Micmac in English and formerly Mìgmaq ( Mi'gmaq) in Míkmaw) are a Western Abnaki (also known as St Francis is an indigenous language spoken by around 20 individuals along the St St. Lawrence Iroquoians lived more settled lives, planting squash and maize in the fertile soils of St. The St Lawrence Iroquoians lived until the late 16th century along the shores of the St Lawrence Valley. The Inuit continue to fish and hunt whale and seal in the harsh Arctic climate along the coasts of Hudson and Ungava Bay. These peoples traded fur and food and sometimes warred with each other.
Early European exploration
Basque whalers and fishermen traded furs with Saguenay natives throughout the 16th century. The Basques (Euskaldunak are a people who inhabit a region spanning over parts of north-central Spain and southwestern France. [2]
The first French explorer to reach Quebec was Jacques Cartier, who planted a cross in 1534 at either Gaspé or at Old Fort Bay on the Lower North Shore. Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France Vieux-Fort, also known as Old Fort Bay, on the Lower North Shore of Quebec ( Canada) was founded 300 years ago Lower North Shore may refer to Lower North Shore (Sydney Australia He sailed into the St. Lawrence River in 1535 and established an ill-fated colony near present-day Quebec City at the site of Stadacona, an Iroquoian village. Stadacona was a 16th century St Lawrence Iroquoian village near present-day Quebec City.
New France
Samuel de Champlain was part of a 1603 expedition from France that travelled into the St. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer Lawrence River. In 1608, he returned as head of an exploration party and founded Quebec City with the intention of making the area part of the French colonial empire. France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world Champlain's Habitation de Quebec, built as a permanent fur trading outpost, was where he would forge a trading, and ultimately a military alliance, with the Algonquin and Huron nations. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. Natives traded their furs for many French goods such as metal objects, guns, alcohol, and clothing.
Hélène Desportes, born July 7, 1620, to the French habitants (settlers) Pierre Desportes and his wife Françoise Langlois, was the first child of European descent born in Quebec. Hélène Desportes is often cited as the First white child born in Canada, New France. Habitants is the name used to refer to both the French settlers and the inhabitants of French origin who farmed the land along the two shores of
From Quebec, coureurs des bois, voyageurs and Catholic missionaries used river canoes to explore the interior of the North American continent, establishing fur trading forts on the Great Lakes (Étienne Brûlé 1615), Hudson Bay (Radisson and Groseilliers 1659–60), Ohio River and Mississippi River (La Salle 1682), as well as the Prairie River and Missouri River (de la Verendrye 1734–1738). A coureur des bois (runner of the woods was an individual who engaged in the Fur trade without permission from the French authorities A coureur des bois (runner of the woods was an individual who engaged in the Fur trade without permission from the French authorities A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Étienne Brûlé ( c 1592 ( Champigny-sur-Marne, France) &ndash c Pierre-Esprit Radisson (1636 &ndash 1710 was a French -born explorer and mapper whose exploration of 1668 led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company. Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618 &ndash 1696 was a French explorer and Fur trader in Canada. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to René Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle ( November 22, 1643 &ndash March 19, 1687) was a French Pierre Gaultier de Varennes sieur de La Vérendrye ( November 17, 1685 &ndash December 5, 1749) was a French Canadian military officer
After 1627, King Louis XIII of France introduced the seigneurial system and forbade settlement in New France by anyone other than Roman Catholics. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) The seigneurial system of New France was the semi- feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Sulpician and Jesuit clerics founded missions in Trois-Rivières (Laviolette) and Montréal or Ville-Marie (Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance) to convert New France's Huron and Algonkian allies to Catholicism. The Society of Saint-Sulpice ( Latin: Societas Presbyterorum a S The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Trois-Rivières is a City in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor Paul Chomedey sieur de Maisonneuve ( February 15, 1612 &ndash September 9, 1676) was a French military officer and the founder Jeanne Mance ( November 12, 1606 &ndash June 18, 1673) was a French settler of New France and one of the founders of The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The seigneurial system of governing New France also encouraged immigration from the motherland.
New France became a Royal Province in 1663 under King Louis XIV of France with a Sovereign Council that included intendant Jean Talon. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The Sovereign Council of New France was a political body appointed by the King of France and consisting of a Governor General an intendant and a bishop of the New France was governed by three rulers the governor, the bishop and the Intendant, all appointed by the King and sent from France Jean Talon Comte d'Orsainville (1625 baptised 8 January 1626 &ndash November 1694 was a French colonial administrator who was the first and most This ushered in a golden era of settlement and colonization in New France, including the arrival of les "Filles du Roi". French colonization of the Americas began in the 14th century and continued in the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western The King's Daughters (in French: filles du roi, filles du roy) were between 700 and 900 Frenchwomen (accounts vary as to the exact numbers who The population grew from about 3,000 to 60,000 people between 1666 and 1760. Colonists built farms on the banks of St. Lawrence River and called themselves "Canadiens" or "Habitants". Habitants is the name used to refer to both the French settlers and the inhabitants of French origin who farmed the land along the two shores of The colony's total population was limited, however, by a winter climate significantly harsher than that found in France; by the spread of diseases; and by the refusal of the French crown to allow Huguenots, or French Protestants, to settle there. The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth The population of New France lagged far behind that of the Thirteen Colonies to the south, leaving it vulnerable to attack. The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris (1783 recognized the
Conquest of New France
In 1753 France began building a series of forts in the British Ohio Country. The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains They refused to leave after being notified by the British Governor, and in 1754 George Washington launched an attack on the French Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh) in the Ohio Valley in an attempt to enforce the British claim to the territory. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Fort Duquesne (originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a Fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny This frontier battle set the stage for the French and Indian War in North America. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. By 1756, France and Britain were battling the Seven Years' War worldwide. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths In 1758, the British mounted an attack on New France by sea and took the French fort at Louisbourg. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction
On September 13, 1759, General James Wolfe defeated General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec City. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year General James Wolfe ( 2 January, 1727 &ndash 13 September, 1759) was a British Army officer known for his training reforms Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon Marquis de Saint-Veran ( February 28, 1712 &ndash September 14, 1759) was the commander of the French The Plains of Abraham is a historic 108- Acre (44- Hectare) Plateau within The Battlefields Park in Quebec City, Canada, France ceded its North American possessions to Great Britain through the Treaty of Paris (1763). The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain By the British Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain 's acquisition of French territory The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War.
In 1774, fearful that the French-speaking population of Quebec (as the colony was called) would side with the rebels of the Thirteen Colonies to the south, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act giving recognition to French law, Catholic religion and French language in the colony; before that Catholics had been excluded from public office and recruitment of priests and brothers forbidden, effectively shutting down Quebec's schools and colleges. The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo The first British policy of assimilation (1763–1774) was deemed a failure. Both the petitions and demands of the Canadiens' élites, and Governor Guy Carleton, played an important role in convincing London to drop the assimilation scheme, but the looming American revolt was certainly a factor. Guy Carleton 1st Baron Dorchester, KB ( Strabane, Co Tyrone Ireland September 3, 1722 &ndash November 10, 1808 Stubbings Through the Quebec Act, the Quebec people obtained their first Charter of Rights, which paved the way to later official recognition of the French language and French culture. The Culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by its geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and The act allowed Canadiens to maintain French civil law and sanctioned freedom of religion, allowing the Roman Catholic Church to remain. Civil law or Romano-Germanic law or Continental law is the predominant system of law in the world. It also restored the Ohio Valley to Quebec, reserving the territory for the fur trade.
The act, designed to placate one North American colony, had the opposite effect among its neighbors to the south. The Quebec Act was among the Intolerable Acts that infuriated American colonists, who launched the American Revolution. The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" A 1775 invasion by the American Continental Army met with early success but was later repelled at the battle at Quebec City. Background In the spring of 1775 the American Revolutionary War began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America The Battle of Quebec was an attempt on December 31, 1775, by American colonial rebels to capture the Canadian city of Quebec and enlist French Canadian
Revolutionary War
When the American army came to Quebec they found many sympathetic supporters. According to Baby, Tachereau and Williams, as many as 747 people in Quebec took up active service with the Americans, most notably Clément Gosselin of the 2nd Canadian Regiment. Clément Gosselin ( June 12, 1747 &ndash March 9 The 2nd Canadian Regiment, also known as Congress' Own or Hazen's Regiment, was raised on January 20, 1776 at Montreal,
The 2nd Canadian Regiment fought at the Battle of Brandywine in 1777. The 2nd Canadian Regiment, also known as Congress' Own or Hazen's Regiment, was raised on January 20, 1776 at Montreal, Background In late July 1777 after a distressing 34-day journey from Sandy Hook on the coast of New Jersey, an Armada of more than 260 ships carrying The 1st Canadian Regiment under James Livingston served at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. The 1st Canadian Regiment was raised on November 19, 1775 at Pointe-Olivier, Quebec for service with the Continental Army. James Livingston may refer to James Livingston (bishop (d 1483 Bishop of Dunkeld James E Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight
At the end of the war, 50,000 Loyalists came to Canada and settled amongst a population of 90,000 French people. This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For information on the role of those Loyalists in Canadian history after their emigration see United Empire
The American Revolutionary War was ultimately successful in winning independence for the Thirteen Colonies. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" In the Treaty of Paris (1783), the British ceded their territory south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States of America. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally
Patriotes' Rebellion in Lower and Upper Canada
Like their counterparts in Upper Canada, in 1837 English and French speaking residents of Lower Canada, led by Louis-Joseph Papineau and Robert Nelson, formed an armed resistance group to seek an end to British colonial rule. The Lower Canada Rebellion is the name given to the armed conflict between the rebels of Lower Canada (now Quebec) and the British colonial power of that The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario For the 20th century Canadian parliamentarian see Louis-Joseph Papineau (Canadian parliamentarian Louis-Joseph Papineau, ( October 7, 1786 Robert Nelson is the name of Robert Nelson (insurrectionist (born 1794 Robert Nelson (businessman (born 1948 They made a Declaration of Rights with equality for all citizens without discrimination and a Declaration of Independence in 1838. Their actions resulted in rebellions in both Lower and Upper Canada. An unprepared British Army had to raise a local militia force, and the rebel forces were soon defeated after having scored a victory in Saint-Denis, Quebec, east of Montreal. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service Saint-Denis may refer to several places in Quebec: Saint-Denis (electoral district, a former federal riding in Ahuntsic, Montreal The British army also burned the Church of St-Eustache, killing the rebels who were hiding within it. The bullet and cannonball marks on the walls of the church are still visible to this day.
Act of Union
After the rebellions, Lord Durham was asked to undertake a study and prepare a report on the matter and to offer a solution for the British Parliament to assess. John George Lambton 1st Earl of Durham (also known as Radical Jack, and commonly referred to in history texts simply as Lord Durham) GCB PC The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durham's Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada
The final report recommended that the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada be united, and that the French speaking population of Lower Canada be assimilated into British culture. Following Durham's Report, the British government merged the two colonial provinces into one Province of Canada in 1840 with the Act of Union. The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durham's Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 The Act of Union (3 & 4 Vict c 35 passed in July 1840 and proclaimed February 10, 1841, abolished the legislatures of Lower Canada and Upper Canada
However, the political union proved contentious. Reformers in both Canada West (formerly Upper Canada) and Canada East (formerly Lower Canada) worked to repeal limitations on the use of the French language in the Legislature. The two colonies remained distinct in administration, election, and law.
In 1848, Baldwin and LaFontaine, allies and leaders of the Reformist party, were asked by Lord Elgin to form an administration together under the new policy of responsible government. James Bruce 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine, KT, GCB, PC ( 20 July 1811 &ndash 20 November 1863 Responsible government is a conception of a System of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster The French language subsequently regained legal status in the Legislature.
Canadian Confederation
In the 1860s, the delegates from the colonies of British North America (Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland) met in a series of conferences to discuss self-governing status for a new confederation. British North America consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary
The first Charlottetown Conference took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island followed by the Quebec Conference in Quebec City which led to a delegation going to London, England, to put forth a proposal for a national union. The Charlottetown Conference was held in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island for representatives from the colonies of British North America to discuss Charlottetown (ˈʃɑrlɪtaʊn (2006 population 32174 is a Canadian city and the provincial capital of Prince Edward Island, making it the seat The Quebec Conference was the second meeting held in 1864 to discuss Canadian Confederation. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
As a result of those deliberations, in 1867 the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the British North America Act, providing for the Confederation of most of these provinces. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories The British North America Acts 1867&ndash1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the Constitution of Canada.
The former Province of Canada was divided into its two previous parts as the provinces of Ontario (Upper Canada) and Quebec (Lower Canada). The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec
- New Brunswick and Nova Scotia joined Ontario and Quebec in the new Dominion of Canada. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
- Prince Edward Island joined in 1873 and the Dominion of Newfoundland entered the Confederation in 1949. Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 (before which the territory had the status of a British colony to 1949
Quiet Revolution
The conservative government of Maurice Duplessis and his Union Nationale dominated Quebec politics from 1944 to 1960 with the support of the Roman Catholic church. The Quiet Revolution ( Révolution tranquille) was the 1960s period of intense change in Quebec, Canada, characterized by the rapid and effective Secularization Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (20 April 1890&ndash7 September 1959 served as the premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to Origin The party started as a loose coalition of legislators the Action libérale nationale (a group dissidents from the Liberal Party of Quebec) and the Pierre Elliot Trudeau and other liberals formed an intellectual opposition to Duplessis's regime, setting the groundwork for the Quiet Revolution under Jean Lesage's Liberals. The Quiet Revolution ( Révolution tranquille) was the 1960s period of intense change in Quebec, Canada, characterized by the rapid and effective Secularization Jean Lesage, PC, CC, CD ( June 10, 1912 &ndash December 12, 1980) was a lawyer and politician in Quebec The Quebec Liberal Party, (or PLQ) is a liberal Political party in the Canadian province of Quebec. The Quiet Revolution was a period of dramatic social and political change that saw the decline of Anglo supremacy in the Quebec economy, the decline of the Roman Catholic Church's influence, the nationalization of hydro-electric companies under Hydro-Québec and the emergence of a pro-sovereignty movement under former Liberal minister René Lévesque. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Hydro-Québec is a Crown corporation that provides electricity to Quebec, Canada and the north-eastern parts of the United States The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some
Beginning in 1963, a terrorist group that became known as the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) launched a decade of bombings, robberies and attacks[30] directed primarily at English institutions, resulting in at least five deaths. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The Front de libération du Québec ( Québec Liberation Front commonly known as the FLQ, and sometimes referred to as Front de libération Québécois In 1970, their activities culminated in events referred to as the October Crisis [3] when James Cross, the British trade commissioner to Canada, was kidnapped along with Pierre Laporte, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier, who was murdered a few days later. The October Crisis was a series of dramatic events triggered by two terrorist Kidnappings of government officials by members of the James Richard Cross, CMG (born September 29 1921 in Ireland) was a British diplomat in Canada who was kidnapped by the Pierre Laporte ( 25 February, 1921 &ndash 17 October, 1970) was a Canadian politician who was the Vice-Premier and In their published Manifesto, the terrorists stated: "In the coming year Bourassa will have to face reality; 100,000 revolutionary workers, armed and organized. Robert Bourassa GOQ ( July 14, 1933 &ndash October 2, 1996) was a politician in Quebec, Canada "
At the request of Premier Robert Bourassa, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act. The War Measures Act (enacted in August 1914 replaced by the Emergencies Act in 1988 was a Canadian Statute that allowed the government to assume sweeping In addition, the Quebec Ombudsman [4] Louis Marceau was instructed to hear complaints of detainees and the Quebec government agreed to pay damages to any person unjustly arrested (only in Quebec). An ombudsman ( English plural conventionally ombudsmen) is an official usually (but not always appointed by the government or by parliament who is charged with On February 3, 1971, John Turner, the Minister of Justice of Canada, reported that 497 persons had been arrested throughout Canada under the War Measures Act,[31] of whom 435 had been released. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. John Napier Wyndham Turner PC CC QC (born June 7, 1929) is a retired Canadian Lawyer and Politician The Minister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Department of Justice The other 62 were charged, of which 32 were crimes of such seriousness that a Quebec Superior Court judge refused them bail. Quebec Superior Court is the highest trial Court in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The crisis ended a few weeks after the death of Pierre Laporte at the hands of his captors. The fallout of the crisis marked the zenith and twilight of the FLQ which lost membership and public support.
In 1977, the newly elected Parti Québécois government of René Lévesque introduced the Charter of the French Language. The Parti Québécois ' is a Sovereignist Political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and The Charter of the French Language ( La charte de la langue française, in French) also known as Bill 101 and Loi 101, Often known as Bill 101, it defined French as the only official language of Quebec in areas of provincial jurisdiction. The Charter of the French Language ( La charte de la langue française, in French) also known as Bill 101 and Loi 101,
Parti Québécois and constitutional crisis
Lévesque and his party had run in the 1970 and 1973 Quebec elections under a platform of separating Quebec from the rest of Canada. The party failed to win control of Quebec's National Assembly both times — though its share of the vote increased from 23% to 30% — and Lévesque was defeated both times in the riding he contested. An electoral district (also known as a Constituency or a riding in the Canadian English political Jargon) is a geographically-based In the 1976 election, he softened his message by promising a referendum (plebiscite) on sovereignty-association rather than outright separation, by which Quebec would have independence in most government functions but share some other ones, such as a common currency, with Canada. The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some On November 15, 1976, Lévesque and the Parti Québécois won control of the provincial government for the first time. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The question of sovereignty-association was placed before the voters in the 1980 Quebec referendum. The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some The 1980 Quebec referendum was the first Referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty During the campaign, Pierre Trudeau promised that a vote for the "no" side was a vote for reforming Canada. Trudeau advocated the patriation of Canada's Constitution from the United Kingdom. Patriation is a non-legal term particularly used in Canada, to describe a process of Constitutional change also known as "bringing home" the constitution The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The existing constitutional document, the British North America Act, could only be amended by the United Kingdom Parliament upon a request by the Canadian parliament. The British North America Acts 1867&ndash1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the Constitution of Canada. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories
Sixty percent of the Quebec electorate voted against the proposition. Polls showed that the overwhelming majority of English and immigrant Quebecers voted against, and that French Quebecers were almost equally divided, with older voters less in favour and younger voters more in favour. After his loss in the referendum, Lévesque went back to Ottawa to start negotiating a new constitution with Trudeau, his minister of Justice Jean Chrétien and the nine other provincial premiers. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime Lévesque insisted Quebec be able to veto any future constitutional amendments. The negotiations quickly reached a stand-still.
Then on the night of November 4, 1981 (widely known in Quebec as La nuit des longs couteaux and in the rest of Canada as the "Kitchen Accord", Federal Justice Minister Jean Chrétien met with all of the provincial premiers except René Lévesque to sign the document that would eventually become the new Canadian constitution. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Patriation is a non-legal term particularly used in Canada, to describe a process of Constitutional change also known as "bringing home" the constitution The next morning, they presented the "fait accompli" to Lévesque. Lévesque refused to sign the document and returned to Quebec. In 1982, Trudeau had the new constitution approved by the British Parliament, with Quebec's signature still missing (a situation that persists to this day). The Supreme Court of Canada confirmed Trudeau's assertion that every province's approval is not required to amend the constitution.
In subsequent years, two attempts were made to gain Quebec's approval of the constitution. The first was the Meech Lake Accord of 1987, which was finally abandoned in 1990 when the province of Manitoba did not pass it within the established deadline. The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116 sq mi of North America (Newfoundland premier Clyde Wells had expressed his opposition to the accord, but, with the failure in Manitoba, the vote for or against Meech never took place in his province. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Clyde Kirby Wells (born November 9, 1937) is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal ) This led to the formation of the sovereignist Bloc Québécois party in Ottawa under the leadership of Lucien Bouchard, who had resigned from the federal cabinet. The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal Lucien Bouchard PC GOQ (born December 22, 1938) is a Quebec lawyer diplomat and Politician. The second attempt, the Charlottetown Accord of 1992, was rejected by 56. The Charlottetown Accord was a package of constitutional amendments proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992. 7% of all Canadians and 57% of Quebecers. This result caused a split in the Quebec Liberal Party that led to the formation of the new Action Démocratique (Democratic Action) party led by Mario Dumont and Jean Allaire. The Quebec Liberal Party, (or PLQ) is a liberal Political party in the Canadian province of Quebec. The Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ is a conservative, nationalist and autonomist provincial Political party in Quebec Mario Dumont (born May 19 1970 in Saint-Georges-de-Cacouna Quebec) is a politician in the province of Quebec, Canada. Jean Allaire (born 1930 was the author of the Allaire Report, and subsequently in 1994 the first leader of the fiscally conservative autonomist provincial level political
On October 30, 1995, with the Parti Québécois back in power since 1994, a second referendum on sovereignty took place. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Parti Québécois ' is a Sovereignist Political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second Referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should This time, it was rejected by a slim majority (50. 6% NO to 49. 4% YES); a clear majority of French-speaking Quebecers voted in favour of sovereignty.
The referendum was enshrouded in controversy. Federalists complained that an unusually high number of ballots had been rejected in pro-federalist areas, notably in the largely Jewish and Greek riding of Chomedey (11. Members of the National Assembly Lise Bacon, Liberal (1981-1994 Thomas J 7 % or 5,500 of its ballots were spoiled, compared to 750 or 1. 7% in the general election of 1994) although Quebec's chief electoral officer found no evidence of outright fraud. The federal government was accused of not respecting provincial laws with regard to spending during referendums (leading to a corruption scandal that would become public a decade later, greatly damaging the Liberal Party's standing), and of having accelerated the naturalization of immigrants in Quebec before the referendum in order that they could vote, as naturalized citizens were believed more likely to vote no. (43,850 immigrants were naturalized in 1995, whereas the average number between 1988 and 1998 was 21,733. )
The same night of the referendum, an angry Jacques Parizeau, then premier and leader of the "Yes" side, declared that the loss was because of "money and the ethnic vote". Jacques Parizeau GOQ (born August 9, 1930) is an Economist and noted Sovereignist (the term commonly used in Quebec In the concession speech given by Parti Québécois Premier Jacques Parizeau after narrowly losing 50 Parizeau resigned over public outrage and as per his commitment to do so in case of a loss. Lucien Bouchard became Quebec's new premier in his place. Lucien Bouchard PC GOQ (born December 22, 1938) is a Quebec lawyer diplomat and Politician.
Federalists accused the sovereignist side of asking a vague, overly complicated question on the ballot. Its English text read as follows:
Do you agree that Québec should become sovereign after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership within the scope of the bill respecting the future of Québec and of the agreement signed on June 12, 1995?
After winning the next election, Bouchard retired from politics in 2001. Bernard Landry was then appointed leader of the Parti Québécois and premier of Quebec. Jean-Bernard Landry GOQ (born March 9, 1937) is a Quebec lawyer teacher politician who served as Premier of Quebec The Parti Québécois ' is a Sovereignist Political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and In 2003, Landry lost the election to the Quebec Liberal Party and Jean Charest. The Quebec Liberal Party, (or PLQ) is a liberal Political party in the Canadian province of Quebec. John James Charest PC MNA (known as Jean Charest) ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʀe (born June 24, 1958) is a Canadian Landry stepped down as PQ leader in 2005, and in a crowded race for the party leadership, André Boisclair was elected to succeed him. André Boisclair (born April 14, 1966 in Montreal, Quebec) is a politician in Quebec, Canada. He also resigned after the renewal of the Quebec Liberal Party's government in the 2007 general election and the Parti Québécois becoming the third opposition party, behind the Action Démocratique. The Quebec general election of 2007 was held in the Canadian province of Quebec on March 26, 2007 to elect members of the The PQ has promised to hold another referendum should it return to government.
Quebec as a nation
Given the province's heritage and the preponderance of French (unique among the Canadian provinces), there is an ongoing debate in Canada regarding the status of Quebec and its people (wholly or partially). Prior attempts to amend the Canadian constitution to acknowledge Quebec as a 'distinct society' – referring to the province's uniqueness within Canada regarding law, language, and culture – have been unsuccessful; however, the federal government under Prime Minister Jean Chrétien would later endorse recognition of Quebec as a distinct society. Distinct society (in French la société distincte) is a political expression especially used during a Constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus On October 30, 2003, the National Assembly of Quebec voted unanimously to affirm "that the Quebecers form a nation". Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered [32] On November 27, 2006, the House of Commons passed a motion moved by Prime Minister Stephen Harper declaring that "this House recognize[s] that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC A Québécois or Quebecois (pronounced) or in the feminine Québécoise (pronounced) (plural Québécoises) is a native or resident of the "[33][34][35] although there is considerable debate and uncertainty over what this means. [36][37]
Government
The Lieutenant Governor represents Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. Political system British-type parliamentarism based on the Westminster system was introduced in the Province of Lower Canada in 1791 The Monarchy in Quebec is the Constitutional system of government in which a hereditary Monarch is the sovereign and Head of state of the For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state The head of government is the Premier (called premier ministre in French) who leads the largest party in the unicameral National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale, from which the Council of Ministers is appointed. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of the premiers Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber The National Assembly of Quebec (Assemblée nationale du Québec is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada.
Until 1968, the Quebec legislature was bicameral, consisting of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral From 1867 until 1968, the Legislative Council of Quebec (French Conseil législatif du Québec) was the unelected upper house of the Bicameral The Legislative Assembly of Quebec (French Assemblée législative du Québec) was the name of the lower house of Quebec 's Legislature until 1968 In that year the Legislative Council was abolished, and the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly. Quebec was the last province to abolish its legislative council.
The government of Quebec awards an order of merit called the National Order of Quebec. It is inspired in part by the French Legion of Honour. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It is conferred upon men and women born or living in Quebec (but non-Quebecers can be inducted as well) for outstanding achievements.
Administrative subdivisions
Quebec has subdivisions at the regional, supralocal and local levels. The province of Quebec is divided into units at the regional supralocal and local levels Excluding administrative units reserved for Aboriginal lands, the primary types of subdivision are:
At the regional level:
- 17 administrative regions. The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions
At the supralocal level:
- 86 regional county municipalities or RCMs (municipalités régionales de comté, MRC);
- 2 metropolitan communities (communautés métropolitaines). The term regional county municipality or RCM ( French: municipalité régionale de comté MRC) is used in the Canadian
At the local level:
- 1,117 local municipalities of various types;
- 11 agglomerations (agglomérations) grouping 42 of these local municipalities;
- within 8 local municipalities, 45 boroughs (arrondissements). The basic unit of local government in Quebec is the Municipality, also called local municipality to distinguish it from the higher-level Regional county municipality The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, including those used solely for statistical purposes as defined by the Institut An agglomeration, or urban agglomeration, is an administrative subdivision of Quebec at the local level that may group together a number of municipalities This is a list of Boroughs in Quebec. In Quebec boroughs are provincially organized and recognized sub-municipal entities that have mayors and councillors
Population centres
The data are from the 2006 census of Canada. [38]
Census metropolitan areas by population
| Census metropolitan area | 2007 pop. est. | 2001 pop. ¹ | Region² | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater Montreal | 3,695,790 | 3,451,027 | Montréal |  |
| Quebec City (provincial capital) | 728,924 | 686,569 | Capitale-Nationale |  |
| Gatineau³ | 287,728 | 261,704 | Outaouais |  |
| Sherbrooke | 186,952 | 175,950 | Estrie |  |
| Saguenay | 151,803 | 154,938 | Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean |  |
| Trois-Rivières | 143,846 | 137,507 | Mauricie |  |
¹These figures are adjusted to reflect boundary changes for the 2006 census. The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Montréal (06 is one of the administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Gatineau ( 2006 census population 242124 is a city in western Quebec, Canada. Outaouais is a region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the cities of Gatineau (Hull Aylmer Montebello Pontiac and Maniwaki and is located on The Estrie is an administrative region of Quebec that overlaps mostly (not entirely the Eastern Townships. Saguenay (officially Ville de Saguenay) is a city ( 2006 population 143692 in the Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching Trois-Rivières is a City in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor Mauricie is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec.
²Where a metropolitan area straddles more than one administrative region, the region of the central municipality is given.
³These figures pertain to the part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area that is in Quebec. The total figures for the CMA, including the part in Ontario, are 1,168,788 (2007) , 1,130,761 (2006), 1,067,800 (2001).
Major municipalities
The municipalities of the Montreal, Quebec, and Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan areas exceeding 50,000 in population in 2006 are given below with their administrative regions in parentheses. The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions
- Montreal (Montréal), 1,620,693;
- Laval (Laval), 368,709;
- Longueuil (Montérégie), 229,330;
- Terrebonne (Lanaudière), 94,703;
- Repentigny (Lanaudière) 76,237;
- Brossard (Montérégie), 71,154;
- Saint-Jérôme (Laurentides), 63,729. The Greater Montreal Area is the most populous Metropolitan area in the Canadian Province of Quebec. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Montréal (06 is one of the administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area. Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Terrebonne is an off-island suburb of Montreal, in western Quebec. Lanaudière is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. For the electoral district please see Repentigny (electoral district Repentigny is an off-island suburb of Montreal, Lanaudière is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. Brossard is a City in southwestern Quebec, Canada, on the southern shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the island and Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Saint-Jérôme Quebec ( 2006 Population 63729 is a town in Quebec, near Mirabel, about 40 kilometers (25 The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains
The population of the Island of Montreal was 1,854,442.
Quebec CMA:
- Quebec City (Capitale-Nationale), 491,142;
- Lévis (Chaudière-Appalaches), 130,006. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Capitale-Nationale is one of 17 administrative regions of Quebec, Canada. Lévis (officially Ville de Lévis (City of Lévis) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. Chaudière-Appalaches is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada.
Ottawa-Gatineau CMA:
- Gatineau (Outaouais), 242,124. Gatineau ( 2006 census population 242124 is a city in western Quebec, Canada. Outaouais is a region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the cities of Gatineau (Hull Aylmer Montebello Pontiac and Maniwaki and is located on
The population of Ottawa, Ontario is 812,129. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality.
Other census agglomerations
| Census agglomeration | 2006 | 2001¹ | Region² |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu | 87,492 | 79,600 | Montérégie |
| Drummondville | 78,108 | 72,778 | Centre-du-Québec |
| Granby | 68,352 | 63,069 | Montérégie |
| Shawinigan | 56,434 | 56,412 | Mauricie |
| Saint-Hyacinthe | 55,823 | 54,275 | Montérégie |
| Victoriaville | 48,893 | 46,908 | Centre-du-Québec |
| Sorel-Tracy | 48,295 | 47,802 | Montérégie |
| Rimouski | 46,807 | 46,012 | Bas-Saint-Laurent |
| Joliette | 43,595 | 39,720 | Lanaudière |
| Rouyn-Noranda | 39,924 | 39,621 | Abitibi-Témiscamingue |
| Salaberry-de-Valleyfield | 39,672 | 39,028 | Montérégie |
| Alma | 32,603 | 32,930 | Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean |
| Val-d'Or | 32,288 | 32,433 | Abitibi-Témiscamingue |
| Saint-Georges | 31,364 | 29,759 | Chaudière-Appalaches |
| Baie-Comeau | 29,808 | 30,401 | Côte-Nord |
| Sept-Îles | 27,827 | 27,623 | Côte-Nord |
| Thetford Mines | 26,107 | 26,721 | Chaudière-Appalaches |
| Rivière-du-Loup | 24,570 | 23,229 | Bas-Saint-Laurent |
| Amos | 17,918 | 18,302 | Abitibi-Témiscamingue |
| Matane | 16,438 | 16,597 | Bas-Saint-Laurent |
| La Tuque | 15,293 | 15,725 | Mauricie |
| Dolbeau-Mistassini | 14,546 | 14,879 | Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean |
| Cowansville | 12,666 | 12,558 | Montérégie |
| Lachute | 11,832 | 11,628 | Laurentides |
¹These figures are adjusted to reflect boundary changes for the 2006 census. The province of Quebec, Canada, is officially divided into 17 administrative Regions Traditionally (and non-officially it is divided into around twenty Regions Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada about southeast of Montreal. Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Centre-du-Québec ( French for "Central Quebec" is a region of Quebec, Canada. Granby is a city in southwestern Quebec, located east of Montreal. Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Mauricie is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec. Saint-Hyacinthe Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Victoriaville (nicknamed "Victo" is a city in central Quebec, Canada, on the Nicolet River. Centre-du-Québec ( French for "Central Quebec" is a region of Quebec, Canada. Sorel-Tracy is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada at the confluence of the Richelieu River and the Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. The Bas-Saint-Laurent (Lower Saint-Lawrence region is located along the south shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River in Quebec. Joliette is a City in southwest-central Québec, Canada on the Rivière l'Assomption and is Lanaudière is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. Abitibi-Témiscamingue is a region located in western Quebec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. Salaberry-de-Valleyfield is a city in southwestern Quebec, in the Regional County Municipality of Beauharnois-Salaberry. Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Alma ( 2006 Town population 29998 CA Population 32603 UA Population 25394 is a town located on the Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching Abitibi-Témiscamingue is a region located in western Quebec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. For other meanings see Beauce (disambiguation Saint-Georges-de-Beauce is a city in the province Chaudière-Appalaches is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. Baie-Comeau Québec ( 2006 city population 22554 UA population 10178 CA population 29808 is a town Côte-Nord ( French for "Northern Shore" area 24762706 km², or 95609 Sept-Îles ( pronounced, French for "Seven Islands" is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec, Canada Côte-Nord ( French for "Northern Shore" area 24762706 km², or 95609 Chaudière-Appalaches is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. The Bas-Saint-Laurent (Lower Saint-Lawrence region is located along the south shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River in Quebec. Amos ( 2006 Ville Population 12584 UA Population 10033 CA population 17198 is a Ville Abitibi-Témiscamingue is a region located in western Quebec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. Matane is a city on the Gaspé Peninsula on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River at the mouth of the The Bas-Saint-Laurent (Lower Saint-Lawrence region is located along the south shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River in Quebec. La Tuque is a City in northeastern Quebec, Canada on the Saint-Maurice River, between Trois-Rivières and Chambord. Mauricie is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec. Dolbeau-Mistassini is a town in northeastern Quebec, Canada at the confluence of the Mistassibi River, Riviere aux Rats and the Mistassini River Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching Cowansville is a Town in south-central Quebec, Canada, located on Lac Davignon north of the U Montérégie is an administrative region in the southwestern corner of Quebec. Lachute, is a town in southwest Quebec, 75km northwest of Montreal, on the Rivière du Nord, a tributary of the Ottawa River, and west of The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains
²Where a census agglomeration straddles more than one administrative region, the region of the central municipality is given.
The municipalities of Quebec which are not part of a CMA or CA but which had populations exceeding 10,000 in 2006, with administrative regions in parentheses, are: Gaspé (Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine), 14,819; Saint-Lin-Laurentides (Lanaudière), 14,159; Mont-Laurier (Laurentides), 13,405; Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine), 12,560; Sainte-Marie (Chaudière-Appalaches), 11,584; Montmagny (Chaudière-Appalaches), 11,353; Sainte-Adèle (Laurentides), 10,634; Roberval (Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean), 10,544; Saint-Félicien (Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean), 10,477; Sainte-Sophie (Laurentides), 10,355; Prévost (Laurentides), 10,132; Rawdon (Lanaudière), 10,058. Gaspé is a town at the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Quebec, Canada. For the electoral district see Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine (electoral district. Saint-Lin-Laurentides is a small town in Quebec, Canada in the Regional County Municipality of Montcalm. Lanaudière is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. Mont-Laurier is a town in northwest Quebec, Canada located on the banks of the Rivière du Lièvre, a tributary of the Ottawa River. The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains This article is about the municipality For the territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE and census division (CD of the same name see Magdalen For the electoral district see Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine (electoral district. Chaudière-Appalaches is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. Montmagny is a city in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality within the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. Chaudière-Appalaches is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. Sainte-Adèle is a municipality in Quebec, Canada, and is part of the Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality. The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains Roberval is a city in the Le Domaine-du-Roy County Regional Municipality Quebec of Quebec, Canada. Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching Saguenay&ndashLac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains Prévost, Quebec is a small town within the La Rivière-du-Nord Regional County Municipality Quebec and the administrative region of Laurentides in the Laurentian The Laurentians ( Laurentides) is a region of Quebec. While it is often called the Laurentians in English the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains Rawdon is a municipality located on the Ouareau River in southwestern Quebec, 45 minutes north of Montreal; it is the seat for the Regional County Lanaudière is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal.
Economy
The St. The economy of Quebec, is diversified and post-industrial with an average potential for growth Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Lawrence River Valley is a fertile agricultural region, producing dairy products, fruit, vegetables, foie gras, maple syrup (Quebec is the world's largest producer), and livestock. A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food
North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec has significant resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers—pulp and paper, lumber, and hydroelectricity are still some of the province's most important industries. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water
There is a significant concentration of high-tech industries around Montreal, including aerospace companies such as aircraft manufacturer Bombardier, the jet engine company Pratt & Whitney, the flight simulator builder CAE and defence contractor Lockheed Martin, Canada. Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 Pratt & Whitney is an American Aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. CAE Inc () (which once stood for Canadian Aviation Electronics but now has no official meaning is a leading provider of simulation technologies modelling technologies and integrated Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of In the video game industry, large video game companies such as Electronic Arts and Ubisoft have studios in Montreal. Ubisoft Entertainment (formerly Ubi Soft) ( is a French computer and Video game publisher and developer with headquarters in [39]
Demographics
Quebec's fertility rate is lower than the Canadian average. The demographics of Quebec constitutes a complex and sensitive issue especially as it relates to the National Question of Canada. The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total At 1. 52, it is slightly below the Canada-wide rate of 1. 54[40] and well below the replacement fertility rate of 2. 1. This contrasts with fertility rates before 1960, which were among the highest of any industrialized society. Although Quebec is home to only 23. 9% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada. In 2001, 42% of international adoptions in Canada were carried out in Quebec.
Population of Quebec since 1851
| Year | Population | Five-year % change | Ten-year % change | Rank among provinces |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1851 | 892,061 | n/a | n/a | 2 |
| 1861 | 1,111,566 | n/a | 24. 6 | 2 |
| 1871 | 1,191,516 | n/a | 7. 2 | 2 |
| 1881 | 1,359,027 | n/a | 14. 1 | 2 |
| 1891 | 1,488,535 | n/a | 9. 5 | 2 |
| 1901 | 1,648,898 | n/a | 10. 8 | 2 |
| 1911 | 2,005,776 | n/a | 21. 6 | 2 |
| 1921 | 2,360,665 | n/a | 17. 8 | 2 |
| 1931 | 2,874,255 | n/a | 21. 8 | 2 |
| 1941 | 3,331,882 | n/a | 15. 9 | 2 |
| 1951 | 4,055,681 | n/a | 21. 8 | 2 |
| 1956 | 4,628,378 | 14. 1 | n/a | 2 |
| 1961 | 5,259,211 | 13. 6 | 29. 7 | 2 |
| 1966 | 5,780,845 | 9. 9 | 24. 9 | 2 |
| 1971 | 6,027,765 | 4. 3 | 14. 6 | 2 |
| 1976 | 6,234,445 | 3. 4 | 7. 8 | 2 |
| 1981 | 6,438,403 | 3. 3 | 6. 8 | 2 |
| 1986 | 6,532,460 | 1. 5 | 4. 8 | 2 |
| 1991 | 6,895,963 | 5. 6 | 7. 1 | 2 |
| 1996 | 7,138,795 | 3. 5 | 9. 3 | 2 |
| 2001 | 7,237,479 | 1. 4 | 5. 0 | 2 |
| 2006 | 7,546,131 | 4. 3 | 5. 7 | 2 |
Source: Statistics Canada [5][6]
Ethnic origin
| Ethnic origin | Population | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian | 4,897,475 | 68. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 7% |
| French | 2,111,570 | 29. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( 6% |
| Irish | 291,545 | 4. Irish Canadians are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who origninated in Ireland. 1% |
| Italian | 249,205 | 3. An Italian Canadian' is a Canadian of Italian descent or heritage 5% |
| English | 218,415 | 3. English Canada|Canadians of English descentAn English Canadian is a Canadian whose principal language is English or who is of English ancestry; it is used 1% |
| Scottish | 156,140 | 2. Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. 2% |
| North American Indian | 130,165 | 1. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people 8% |
| Québécois | 94,940 | 1. A Québécois or Quebecois (pronounced) or in the feminine Québécoise (pronounced) (plural Québécoises) is a native or resident of the 3% |
| German | 88,700 | 1. The 2006 Canadian census put the number of Canadians of German ethnicity at 3179425 2% |
| Jewish | 82,450 | 1. Canada has the world's fourth-largest Jewish population According to the Canada 2001 Census, there are an estimated 351000 Jews currently living in Canada 2% |
| Haitian | 74,465 | 1. A Haitian Canadian is a Canadian -born person of Haitian descent or a Haitian-born person with Canadian citizenship 0% |
| Chinese | 63,000 | 0. Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which 9% |
| Greek | 58,645 | 0. Greek Canadians are Canadian citizens of Greek origin According to the 2001 Canadian Census, there were 215105 Canadians who claimed 8% |
| Lebanese | 48,990 | 0. 7% |
| Portuguese | 48,765 | 0. Portuguese Canadians' (luso-canadianos are Canadians of Portuguese descent 7% |
| Polish | 46,990 | 0. Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 817085 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry 7% |
| Spanish | 43,115 | 0. Canadians of Spanish descent are also known as Spanish Canadians, and in Spanish as Hispano Canadienses. 6% |
| East Indian | 34,125 | 0. Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to the Indian sub-continent, often referred to in this way because the term Indian has been used 5% |
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,125,580) and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
Only groups with more than 0. 5% of respondents are shown. [41]
Aboriginal status
The 2006 census counted a total aboriginal population of 108,425 (1. 5%) including 65,085 North American Indians (0. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people 9%), 27,985 Métis (0. A Métis is a person born to parents who belong to different groups defined by visible physical differences regarded as racial or the descendant of such persons 4%), and 10,950 Inuit (0. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting 15%). It should be noted however, that there is a significant undercount, as many of the biggest Indian bands regularly refuse to participate in Canadian censuses for political reasons regarding the question of aboriginal sovereignty. In particular, the largest Mohawk Iroquois reserves (Kahnawake, Akwesasne and Kanesatake) were not counted. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse The Kahnawake Mohawk Territory (Gah'nah'wah'gay in Mohawk, Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora) is an Indian The Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne is a Mohawk Nation territory located across the intersection of the New York - Ontario - Quebec borders Kanehsatake is a Mohawk community on the shore of the Lake of Two Mountains in southwestern Quebec, Canada, near Montreal.
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,435,905)[42]
Visible minorities
| Visible minority | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Black | 152,195 | 2. 1% |
| Arab | 73,345 | 1. 0% |
| Chinese | 56,830 | 0. 8% |
| Latin American | 59,515 | 0. 8% |
| South Asian | 59,505 | 0. 8% |
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,125,580).
Only groups with more than 0. 5% of respondents are shown[43]
Religion
Quebec is unique among the provinces in its overwhelmingly Roman Catholic population. This is a legacy of colonial times when only Roman Catholics were permitted to settle in New France. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the
The 2001 census showed the population to be 83. 4% Catholic Christian (including 83. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". 2% Roman Catholic); 4. 7% Protestant Christian (including 1. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 2% Anglican, 0. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs 7% United Church; and 0. The United Church of Canada was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Christian denominations two thirds of the Presbyterian Church in Canada (then the largest Canadian Protestant 5% Baptist); 1. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. 4% Orthodox Christian (including 0. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world 7% Greek Orthodox); and 0. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches 8% Other Christian; as well as 1. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 5% Muslim; 1. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 3% Jewish; 0. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 6% Buddhist; 0. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 3% Hindu; and 0. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 1% Sikh. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. An additional 5. 8% of the population said they had no religious affiliation (including 5. 6% who stated that they had no religion at all).
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (7,125,580)[44]
Mother tongues
Of the 7,546,131 population counted by the 2006 census, 7,435,905 people completed the section about language. Of these 7,339,495 gave singular responses to the question regarding mother tongue. A first language (also mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1) is the language a human being learns from birth The languages most commonly reported were the following:
| Language | Number of native speakers | Percentage of singular responses |
|---|---|---|
| French | 5,877,060 | 80. Quebec French ( le français québécois, le français du Québec) or less often Québécois French, is the predominant varieties 1% |
| English | 575,555 | 7. 8% |
| Italian | 124,820 | 1. 7% |
| Spanish | 108,790 | 1. 5% |
| Arabic | 108,105 | 1. 5% |
| Chinese | 63,415 | 0. 9% |
| Creole | 44,145 | 0. 6% |
| Greek | 41,845 | 0. 6% |
| Portuguese | 34,710 | 0. 5% |
| Romanian | 27,180 | 0. 4% |
| Vietnamese | 25,370 | 0. 3% |
| Russian | 19,275 | 0. 3% |
| German | 17,855 | 0. 2% |
| Polish | 17,305 | 0. 2% |
| Armenian | 15,520 | 0. 2% |
| Persian (Farsi) | 14,655 | 0. 2% |
| Cree | 13,340 | 0. 2% |
| Panjabi (Punjabi) | 11,905 | 0. 2% |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | 11,785 | 0. 2% |
| Tamil | 11,570 | 0. 1% |
| Urdu | 9,685 | 0. 1% |
| Bengali | 9,660 | 0. 1% |
| Inuktitut | 9,615 | 0. 1% |
| Montagnais-Naskapi | 9,335 | 0. 1% |
| Khmer (Cambodian) | 8,250 | 0. 1% |
| Yiddish | 8,225 | 0. 1% |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | 7,750 | 0. 1% |
| Gujarati | 6,050 | 0. 1% |
| Turkish | 5,865 | 0. 1% |
| Ukrainian | 5,395 | 0. 1% |
| Atikamekw | 5,245 | 0. 1% |
| Bulgarian | 5,215 | 0. 1% |
| Lao | 4,785 | 0. 1% |
| Hebrew | 4,110 | 0. 1% |
| Korean | 3,970 | 0. 1% |
| Dutch (Nederlands) | 3,620 | ~ |
Numerous other languages were also counted, but only languages with more than 3,000 native speakers are shown.
(Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses)[45]
National symbols
Coat of Arms
In 1939, the government of Quebec unilaterally ratified its coat of arms to reflect Quebec's political history: French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below "Je me souviens". Political system British-type parliamentarism based on the Westminster system was introduced in the Province of Lower Canada in 1791 Quebec has played a special role in Canadian history it is the site where French settlers founded the colony of Canada (New France in the 1600s and 1700s [46]
Motto
Je me souviens ("I remember") was first carved under the coat of arms of Quebec's Parliament Building façade in 1883. Je me souviens (in French ʒə mə suˈvjɛ̃ is the official Motto of the Province of Quebec, in Canada. The Canadian province of Quebec first required its residents to register their Motor vehicles and display Licence plates in 1912 Je me souviens (in French ʒə mə suˈvjɛ̃ is the official Motto of the Province of Quebec, in Canada. The Parliament Building (French Hôtel du Parlement) is an eight-floor building and home to the Parliament of Quebec (composed of the Lieutenant-Governor It is an official part of the coat of arms and has been the official license plate motto since 1978, replacing "La belle province" (the beautiful province). The expression La belle province is still used mostly in tourism as a nickname for the province.
Flag
The fleur-de-lis, the ancient symbol of the French monarchy, first arrived on the shores of the Gaspésie in 1534 with Jacques Cartier on his first voyage. The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted for the province by the government of Quebec, during the administration of Maurice Duplessis List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Gaspésie (official name or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a Peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France In 1900, Quebec finally sought to have its own uniquely designed flag. By 1903, the parent of today's flag had taken shape, known as the "Fleurdelisé". The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted for the province by the government of Quebec, during the administration of Maurice Duplessis The flag in its present form with its 4 white "fleur-de-lis" lilies on a blue background with a white cross replaced the Union Jack on Quebec's Parliament Building on January 21, 1948. The fleur-de-lys (or fleur-de-lis, plural fleurs-de-lis ˌfləː(rdəˈliː (ˌfləː(rdəˈlɪs in Quebec) translated from French as "lily The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Parliament Building (French Hôtel du Parlement) is an eight-floor building and home to the Parliament of Quebec (composed of the Lieutenant-Governor Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Other official symbols
- The floral emblem of Quebec is the Iris versicolor. For the Yellow Flag Iris see Iris pseudacorus Iris versicolor, also commonly known as the Harlequin Blueflag, the Larger [6]
- Since 1987 the avian emblem of Quebec has been the snowy owl. The Snowy Owl ( Bubo scandiacus) is a large Owl of the Typical owl family Strigidae [6]
- An official tree, the yellow birch (bouleau jaune, merisier), symbolises the importance Quebecers give to the forests. Betula alleghaniensis ( Yellow Birch) is a species of Birch native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia, The tree is known for the variety of its uses and commercial value, as well as its autumn colours. [6]
In 1998 the Montreal Insectarium sponsored a poll to choose an official insect. The Montréal Insectarium is a museum located in Montréal, Quebec, featuring a large quantity of insects from all around the world The White Admiral butterfly (Limenitis arthemis) [7] won with 32 % of the 230 660 votes against the Spotted lady beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi), the Ebony Jewelwing damselfly (Calopteryx maculata), a species of bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) and the six-spotted tiger beetle (Cicindela sexguttata sexguttata). Limenitis arthemis is a North American Brush-footed butterfly, common throughout much of the eastern United States The Ebony Jewelwing ( Calopteryx maculata) is a species of Damselfly. Insecta {Taxobox | name = Damselflies| regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis | ordo = Odonata | subordo = Zygoptera | subordo_authority A bumblebee (or bumble bee) is any member of the Bee Genus Bombus, in the family Apidae; there are over 250 known species primarily The tiger beetles are a large group of Beetles known for their predatory habits
National holiday
In 1977, Premier René Lévesque declared June 24 to be Quebec's National Holiday. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Historically June 24 was a holiday honouring one of Quebec's patron saints, St. John the Baptist, which is why it is commonly known as La Saint-Jean-Baptiste (often shortened to La St-Jean). Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. On this day, the song "Gens du pays" by Gilles Vigneault is often heard and commonly regarded as Quebec's unofficial anthem. " Gens du pays " has been called the unofficial national anthem of Quebec. Gilles Vigneault, GOQ (born 27 October, 1928) is a Québécois Poet, Publisher and Singer-songwriter
Sports teams
- National Women's Hockey League
- Montreal Axion (currently on hiatus)
- Quebec Avalanche (currently on hiatus)
Former sports teams
- National Hockey League
- Quebec Nordiques (moved to Denver, Colorado and are now the Colorado Avalanche)
- Quebec Bulldogs (moved to Hamilton, Ontario and became the Hamilton Tigers for the rest of the team's existence)
- Montreal Maroons (defunct)
- Montreal Wanderers (defunct)
- Major League Baseball
- Montreal Expos (moved to Washington, D.C. and are now the Washington Nationals)
- American Hockey League
- Quebec Citadelles (merged with the Hamilton Bulldogs)
- Quebec Aces (moved to Richmond, Virginia and became the Richmond Robins for the rest of the team's existence)
- Canadian-American League
- Quebec Braves/Alouettes/Athletics (defunct)
- Trois-Rivieres Royals (defunct)
See also
- Lists of Quebec-related topics
Notes
- ^ a b According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is one of 81 locales of pan-Canadian significance with official forms in both languages. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Montreal Canadiens (Les Canadiens de Montréal are a professional Ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in The Montreal Alouettes ( French: les Alouettes de Montréal) are a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Quebec Capitales are a professional baseball team based in Quebec City Quebec, in Canada. The National Women's Hockey League (Ligue Nationale de Hockey Féminin was a women's Ice hockey league established in 1999. The Montreal Axion are a National Women's Hockey League team located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Avalanche are a National Women's Hockey League team located in Laval, Quebec, Canada. The United Soccer Leagues ( USL) is the parent organization for the men's lower division leagues of US and Canadian soccer USL First Division (second division Montreal Impact Football Club ( Impact de Montréal) is a Canadian professional Football team founded in 1993 The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Quebec Nordiques (Nordiques de Québec pronounced in Quebec French, in Canadian English; translated into English as "Northerners" were The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The Colorado Avalanche are a professional Ice hockey team based in Denver Colorado, United States For the former minor league baseball team known as the Quebec Athletics, see Quebec Athletics (baseball The Quebec Bulldogs were Hamilton (ˈhæməltən ( 2006 population 504559 UA population 647634 CMA population The Hamilton Tigers were a professional Ice hockey team and a member of the National Hockey League (NHL based in Hamilton Ontario that played from 1920 The Montreal Maroons were a professional men's Ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL The Montreal Wanderers were a professional men's Ice hockey team that played in Montreal, Quebec at the Montreal Arena, and were one of the founding Franchise history Creation of the franchise In 1960 Montreal lost its International League team the Montreal Royals (an affiliate of Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Washington Nationals is an American professional baseball team based in Washington D American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary The Quebec Citadelles (French Citadelles de Québec) were an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. The Hamilton Bulldogs are an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. The Quebec Aces, also known in French as As de Québec, were an amateur and later a professional men's Ice hockey team from Quebec City, Quebec This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Richmond Robins were a professional Ice hockey team based in Richmond Virginia. The World League of American Football (WLAF was founded in 1990 with support from the National Football League to play professional American football in The Montreal Machine was the sole Canadian team in the 1991 - 1992 World League of American Football, a springtime developmental professional This article refers to the original incarnation of the Can-Am League which operated between 1936 and 1951 The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Canadian French is an Umbrella term for the varieties of the French language used in Canada. Canadian English ( CanE, en-CA) is the variety of English used in Canada. In this system, the official name of the capital is Québec in both official languages. The Quebec government renders both names as Québec in both languages.
- ^ Titre I – Le statut de la langue française – Chapitre I – La langue officielle du Québec
- ^ Statistics Canada. Canada's population estimates 2008-03-27. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory
- ^ Addressing Guidelines from Canada Post
- ^ a b c d e f National Flag and Emblems. Canada Post Corporation ( Société canadienne des postes) is the Canadian postal operator operated as a crown corporation. Services Québec. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
- ^ Quebec is located in the Eastern half of Canada, but is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada
- ^ Votes and Proceedings Thursday, 30 October 2003 – No. 19. National Assembly of Quebec (2003-10-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
- ^ Routine Proceedings: The Québécois. Hansard of 39th Parliament, 1st Session; No. 087. Parliament of Canada (2006-11-22). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ Government Orders: The Québécois. Hansard of 39th Parliament, 1st Session; No. 087. Parliament of Canada (2006-11-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ Poitras, François (2004-01). Regional Economies Special Report Micro-Economic Policy Analysis (PDF). Industry Canada. Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
- ^ Afable, Patricia O. and Madison S. Beeler (1996). "Place Names". In "Languages", ed. Ives Goddard. Vol. 17 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution, pg. 191
- ^ Canada: A People's History – The birth of Quebec. Canadian Broadcast Corporation (2001). Retrieved on 2006-08-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert.
- ^ "his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants" – Treaty of Paris, 1763
- ^ Library of the Parliament of Canada, [1]. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario.
- ^ You must specify title = and url = when using {{cite web}}. . url=http://www.greatcanadianparks.com/quebec/saguenp/index.htm.
- ^ Mignanan Archipelago National Park Reserve of Canada. Parks Canada (2008-05-02). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
- ^ Borderlands / St. Lawrence Lowlands (html). The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada (2006-10-25). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Elson, J. A. . St Lawrence Lowland (html). Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Lasalle, Pierre; ROBERT J. ROGERSON. Champlain Sea (html). Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Population by mother tongue and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations – 20% sample data. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ Att. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie et al., 1979 CanLII 21 (S.C.C.). Canadian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved on 2007-11-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
- ^ A.G. (Quebec) v. Blaikie et al., [1981 1 S. C. R. 312].
- ^ Population by mother tongue and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data. Statistics Canada (December 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
- ^ Population by language spoken most often at home and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations – 20% sample data. Statistics Canada (December 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
- ^ Greater Montreal Community Development Initiative (GMCDI) (April 2007). Demographics and the Long-term Development of the English-speaking Communities of the Greater Montreal Region. The Quebec Community Groups Network. Retrieved on 2007-04-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
- ^ Population by mother tongue and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations – 20% sample data. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ Language. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
- ^ Language. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ Front de libération du Québec from the Canadian Encyclopedia
- ^ Susan Munroe, October Crisis Timeline, Canada Online. The Canadian Encyclopedia is a source of information on Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
- ^ Résolution de l'Assemblée Nationale du Québec, October 30, 2003PDF (95. 4 KB)
- ^ Hansard; 39th Parliament, 1st Session; No. 087; November 27, 2006
- ^ Galloway, Gloria; Curry, Bill; Dobrota, Alex; Globe and Mail: 'Nation' motion passes, but costs Harper; November 28, 2006
- ^ Bonoguore, Tenille; Sallot, Jeff; Globe and Mail: Harper's Quebec motion passes easily; November 27, 2006
- ^ Debate: The motions on the Québécois nation. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2006-11-24). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Retrieved on 2007-08-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert.
- ^ Who's a Québécois? Harper isn't sure. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2006-12-19). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-12-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help Retrieved on 2007-10-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
- ^ The Console Wars: Montreal and the Revolution | Xbox 360, Playstation 3 PS3, Revolution
- ^ http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/CNSMCGI.PGM
- ^ Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)
- ^ Aboriginal Population Profile (2006 Census)
- ^ Visible Minority Groups (15), Sex (3) and Age Groups (8)(Census 2001)
- ^ Religion (95) and Immigrant Status (Census 2001)
- ^ (2007). "Detailed Mother Tongue (148), Single and Multiple Language Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data".
- ^ http://www.drapeau.gouv.qc.ca/ Justice Québec – Drapeauet et symboles nationaux (French)
References
- Armony, Victor (2007). Le Québec expliqué aux immigrants. Montréal, VLB Éditeur, 208 pages, ISBN 9782890059856.
- Lacoursière, Jacques, Jean Provencher et Denis Vaugeois (2000). Canada-Québec 1534–2000. Sillery, Septentrion. 591 pages, (ISBN 2-89448-156-X)
- Jacques Lacoursière, Histoire du Québec, Des origines à nos jours, Édition Nouveau Monde, 2005, ISBN 2-84736-113-8
- Linteau, Paul-André (1989). Histoire du Québec contemporain – Volume 1; De la Confédération à la crise (1867–1929), Histoire, coll. «Boréal Compact» n° 14, 758 pages, (ISBN 2-89052-297-8)
- Linteau, Paul-André (1989). Histoire du Québec contemporain – Volume 2; Le Québec depuis 1930, Histoire, coll. «Boréal Compact» n° 15, 834 pages, (ISBN 2-89052-298-5)
- Québec. Institut de la statistique du Québec (2007). Le Québec chiffres en main, édition 2007[pdf]. 56 pages, (ISBN 2-550-49444-7)
- Venne, Michel (dir. ) (2006). L'annuaire du Québec 2007. Montréal, Fides. 455 pages, (ISBN 2-7621-2746-7)
External links
- (English) Discover the Quebec in pictures, photos
- (English) Government of Quebec
- (English) Bonjour Québec, Quebec government official tourist site
- (English) Bill 101
- (English) CBC Digital Archives – Quebec Elections: 1960–1998
- (French) Agora, online encyclopaedia from Quebec
- (English) An article on the province of Quebec from The Canadian Encyclopedia
- (English) Quebec travel guide from Wikitravel
- History
- (English) Quebec History, online encyclopaedia made by Marianapolis College
- (English) The 1837–1838 Rebellion in Lower Canada, Images from the McCord Museum's collections
- (French) Bibliothèque nationales du Québec Map Collection, 5,000 digitized maps
Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
Dictionary
Quebec
-proper noun
- Province in eastern Canada.
- Capital of Quebec province.
- The letter Q in the ICAO spelling alphabet.
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