A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Bellefonte is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining and open-cut mining and strip mining, refers to a method of extracting rock or Minerals In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Quarries are generally used for extracting building materials, such as dimension stone. For other kinds of building materials see Hardware, Biology, Star formation. Dimension stone is natural stone or rock that has been selected and fabricated (i Quarries are usually shallower than other types of open-pit mines.
A quarry is often mistaken for other types of open-pit or open-cast mines such as borrow or gravel pits. A borrow pit, also known as a sand box is a term used in Construction and Civil engineering. Gravel pit is the British English term for an open cast working for extraction of Gravel (river-deposited rounded stones
Types of rock extracted from quarries include:
- Cinder
- China Clay
- Coquina
- Construction aggregate
- Granite
- Gritstone
- Gypsum a mineral
- Limestone
- Marble
- Sandstone
- Slate
Quarries in level areas often have special engineering problems for drainage. A cinder is a pyroclastic material Cinders are extrusive Igneous rocks Cinders are similar to Pumice, which has so many cavities and is such low-density Kaolinite is a Clay mineral with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5( OH)4 For the variety of clam see Donax. Coquina ( Spanish, "cockle" koʊˈkiːnə is an incompletely consolidated Construction aggregate, or simply " aggregate " is a broad category of coarse particulate Material used in Construction, including Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Gritstone — otherwise called Millstone grit — is a Sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains with inclusions of small stones Gypsum is a very soft Mineral composed of Calcium sulfate dihydrate with the Chemical formula Ca[[sulfur S]] O 4·2 Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Slate is a fine-grained foliated homogeneous, Metamorphic rock derived from an original Shale -type Sedimentary rock composed of Clay Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area The Coquina Quarry is excavated to more than sixty feet (18 meters) below sea level. To reduce surface leakage a moat, lined with clay, was constructed around the entire quarry. A moat is deep broad Trench, usually filled with Water, that surrounds a structure installation or town normally to provide it with a preliminary line of Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Ground water that seeps into the pit is pumped up into the moat. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations
Many quarries fill with water to become ponds or small lakes after abandonment for mining purposes. A pond is a body of water smaller than a Lake, both being examples of Terrain features Although the term pond is universally used to describe waterbodies that A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the Others have become landfills. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as
 Construction aggregate quarry near Adelaide, South Australia |
 Coquina Quarry sixty feet below sea level, Conway, South Carolina |
 A dimension stone quarry. Construction aggregate, or simply " aggregate " is a broad category of coarse particulate Material used in Construction, including Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. Dimension stone is natural stone or rock that has been selected and fabricated (i |
 A small cinder quarry. |
 An abandoned limestone quarry. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 |
 Portland Stone quarry on the Isle of Portland, England. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Portland stone is a Limestone from the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The Isle of Portland ( is a limestone tied island long by wide in the English Channel. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland |
 Basalt quarry on the Holyoke Range of Massachusetts. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. The Holyoke Range or Mount Holyoke Range is a Traprock mountain range located in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. |
See also
- Clay pit
- Collecting fossils
- Gravel pit
- Kouloura
- List of minerals
- List of rock types
- List of stones
- Mountaintop removal mining
External links
In the Middle Ages the Arena di Verona was used as a quarry for other buildings. A clay pit is a Quarry or mine for the extraction of Clay, which is generally used for manufacturing Pottery, Bricks or Portland Fossil collecting describes the extraction of fossilised material for profit pleasure or scientific study Gravel pit is the British English term for an open cast working for extraction of Gravel (river-deposited rounded stones A koulara is a circular shaped subsurface pit found in certain Settlements within Ancient Greece. This is a List of Minerals for which there are Wikipedia articles This page is intended as a list of all rock types A Amphibolite Andesite Anorthosite Anthracite Geographical list of stone used for decorative purposes in Construction and Sculpture; currently or historically produced in various countries Mountaintop removal mining ( MTR) often referred to in the industry as mountaintop mining/valley fills (MTM/VF is a form of Surface mining that involves an
Quarrying is taking rock from the ground or hills,Either by digging with machines or by breaking up the rock with explosives. Limestone rock is used in the manufacture of iron and steel, in making agricultural land more fertile by reducing acidity and it is used more than any other stone in motorways,roads and ,in the UK and Europe, as a large fraction of all concrete. Technologicaly It will play a big part in future efforts to reduce sulphur emissions from industry and will very likely play some role in controlling how an where carbon dioxide is stored(if it ever is). Disadvantages are that the quarrying is very noisy with lots of dust and large numbers of heavy lorries travelling constantly through the country on roads never built for such traffic and through viilages and small rural towns. In addition the look of the country can be spoiled when quite large hills are quarried away.
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