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For the district in Ha Giang Province, see Quang Binh (district). Hà Giang ( Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 江|江]] is a province of northeastern Vietnam. Quang Binh (district (Quang Bình is a district (''huyện'' of Ha Giang Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam

Quảng Bình
"Serenity"
Location of Quảng Bình Province
Provinces of Vietnam
Administration
People's Council Chair Lương Ngọc Bính
People's Committee Chair Phan Lâm Phương
Geography
Capital Đồng Hới
Region North Central Coast
Area 8,051. |||} Vietnam is divided into 58 Provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh) |||} Vietnam is divided into 58 Provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh) |||} Vietnam is divided into 58 Provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh) Đồng Hới is the capital city of Quảng Bình province, in the north central coast of Vietnam. |||} Vietnam is divided into 58 Provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh) Bắc Trung Bộ (literally North Central Coast) is one of the regions of Vietnam. 8 km²
Demographics
Population
 • Density		 831,600(2004)
103. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 3/km²
Ethnicities Vietnamese, Bru – Vân Kiều, Chứt, Tày
Calling code 52
ISO 3166-2 VN-24
Website www.quangbinh.gov.vn

Quang Binh (in Vietnamese: Quảng Bình; pronunciation (help·info); Hán Tự: 廣平) is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government each with its own language lifestyle and cultural heritage The Vietnamese people (người Việt or vi ''người Kinh'' are an Ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. The Bru (also Bruu, Brou, or Bru-Vân Kiều; Vietnamese: Người Bru - Vân Kiều are an ethnic group living in Vietnam, The Chut (Vietnamese người Chứt) are a small ethnic group located in the Minh Hóa and Tuyên Hóa districts of Quảng Bình Province ISO 3166-2VN is an International Organization for Standardization standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Vietnam Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Hán tự ( {{IPA|/han˦˥ tɯ˨/}}; 漢[[wikt 字|字]] meaning " Chinese character " or chữ Nho ( {{IPA|/tɕɯ˧˨˧ ɲɔ/}} |||} Vietnam is divided into 58 Provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh) Bắc Trung Bộ (literally North Central Coast) is one of the regions of Vietnam. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially [1]

The province is home to the World Heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. Phong Nha - Ke Bang (Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is a National park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Bố Trạch and There is one deep-water sea port of Hon La; there are two industrial parks here.

The province is also home to several famous Vietnamese persons, including general Vo Nguyen Giap, the family of former South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem, poet Han Mac Tu, and writer Bao Ninh. "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia Hàn Mặc Tử ( September 22, 1912 - November 11, 1940) was a Vietnamese poet. Bảo Ninh (born on October 18, 1952) is a Vietnamese novelist and short story writer During the Vietnam War, this province was severely devastated by bombing by U. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia S. B-52s.

Contents

Geography

Location and area

Coordinates 16°55’ to 18°05’ North and 105°37’ to 107°00’ East. It borders Hà Tĩnh Province on the north with the Ngang mountain pass as the natural frontier, borders Quảng Trị Province by the south, borders Laos by the west, and faces the South China Sea on the east. The narrowest part from east (seaside) to west (Laotian border) is just 40 km. The provincial topography is characterized by a general slope, higher in the west and lower in the east, with hilly and mountainous areas accounting for 85% of the total area. The Annamite Range is the natural border between Quang Binh Province and Laos with peaks ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 m, the summit of which is peak Phi Co Pi with the height of 2,017 m. The Annamite Range is a mountain range of eastern Indochina, which extends approximately 1100 km (700 miles through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma In the east of the province are lower hills and then several narrow plains and river deltas. The seaside sand dunes belt is a natural dam to protect the land from the ocean tides.

The provincial land area is 8,037. 9 km² and divided as follows:

Sand area accounts for 5. 9% of the land, and alluvial soil accounts for only 2. 8% of the land. The province's east coastline is 116. 04 km long and the western borderline with Laos is 201. 81 km long. The province owns 4866. 88 km² of forests, of which 4478. 37 km² is natural jungle, and 388. 54 km² is reforestation (including 175. 97 km² of pines). [2][3]

The province is loacted at the coordinates:

The coasline is 116. 04km on the east, the borderline with Laos is 201. Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma 87 km on the west. [3]

Rivers and sea

Nhat Le River in Quang Binh
Nhat Le River in Quang Binh
Bang Spa in Le Thuy district
Bang Spa in Le Thuy district

There are five major rivers in this province, as follows:

  1. Gianh River (this historic river used to be the border splitting Vietnam into two countries during the Trịnh-Nguyễn War)
  2. Ron River
  3. Nhat Le River (the confluence of Kien Giang River and Long Dai River)
  4. Ly Hoa River
  5. Dinh River. Bang Spa is an area of hot mineral springs in Le Thuy County, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Lệ Thủy (Huyện Lệ Thủy is a district of Quang Binh Province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. The Gianh River (Sông Gianh is a river in the Quang Binh Province of Vietnam 's North Central Coast (Bắc Trung Bộ Ron River is a river in Quang Binh Province, north central coast of Vietnam The Nhật Lệ River is a river in Dong Hoi City Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. The Kiến Giang River ( Vietnamese: Sông Kiến Giang) is a River in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh Province, North Central Coast The Long Dai River (Sông Long Đại is a River in Quang Ninh County of Quang Binh Province, North Central Coast of Vietnam.
  6. Kien Giang River in Le Thuy District
  7. Son River in Phong Nha-Ke Bang

Most of the rivers originate in the Truong Son Range and empty into South China Sea. The Kiến Giang River ( Vietnamese: Sông Kiến Giang) is a River in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh Province, North Central Coast Lệ Thủy (Huyện Lệ Thủy is a district of Quang Binh Province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. This is about the river in Vietnam for Son River in India, see Son River Son River or Troc River ( Vietnamese: Sông The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the River and stream density is 1. 1 km/km². There are 160 natural and man-made lakes with total water deposit of 234. 3 million cubic meter of fresh water. [4] Quảng Bình Province’s sea area includes continental shelf and special economic area up to 20,000 km². Off the sea, there lays Hon La islet, Hòn Gió islet, Hòn Nồm islet, Hòn Cỏ islet, Hòn Chùa islets with the total fishery capacity of 100,000 metric tonnes. Hon La bay is a 4-square-km marine bay with the depth up to 15 m and a surrounding land of 4 km² suitable to develop sea deep-water port and industrial park.

Mounts

Part of the karst mounts in the Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park
Part of the karst mounts in the Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park

Many mount summits concentrate in Phong Nha-Ke Bang area with over 1,000 metres height. Phong Nha - Ke Bang (Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is a National park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Bố Trạch and Noteworthy peaks are the Peak Co Rilata with ta height of 1,128 m and the Peak Co Preu with a height of 1,213 m. [5]

Mounts in karstic area of the park rise at typical height of above 800 m constitute a continuous range along Laotian-Vietnamese borderline, of which notable summits above 1000 m are: Phu Tạo (1174m), Co Unet (1150m), Phu Canh (1095m), Phu Mun (1078m), Phu Tu En (1078m), Phu On Chinh (1068m), Phu Dung (1064m), Phu Tu Ôc (1053m), Phu Long (1015m), Phu Ôc (1015m), Phu Dong (1002m). Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble Bedrock, usually Carbonate rock such as Limestone Inserting into these summits are 800-1000 m high summits of Phu Sinh (965m), Phu Co Tri (949m), Phu On Boi (933m), Phu Tu (956m), Phu Toan (905m), Phu Phong (902m), núi Ma Ma (835m).

Climate

There are four separate seasons here: in spring (from February to April), it is warm with slight rains, humid and the temperature around 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. In the summer (from May to July), it is hot, dry with little downpours, the temperature may reach up to 35 to 36 degrees Celsius. In the fall, it is rainy, cool with temperature around 22 to 28 degrees Celsius. In the winter, it's humid, slight rain with temperature about 12 to 16 degrees Celsius. Annual average precipitation is around 2,000-2,300 mm. Heaviest rainy season is from September to November. From April to August is the dry season. The hottest months are June-August.

Biodiversity

Florae

Trees on the limestone mounts, a typical florae in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
Trees on the limestone mounts, a typical florae in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

Quang Binh Province is endowned with biodiversity, especially typical of Annamites eco-region, especially in Phong Nha-Ke Bang area. Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. The Annamite Range is a mountain range of eastern Indochina, which extends approximately 1100 km (700 miles through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in Phong Nha - Ke Bang (Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is a National park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Bố Trạch and According to the results of initial surveys, the primary tropical forest in Phong Nha - Ke Bang 140 families, 427 genera, and 751 species of vascular plants, of which 36 species are endangered and listed in the Vietnam's Red Data Book. Vietnam's Red Data Book (Vietnamese Sách đỏ Việt Nam) is a list of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora native to Vietnam.

The most commont tree species in this park are Hopea sp. , Sumbaviopsis albicans, Garcinia fragraeoides, Burretionendron hsienmu, Chukrasia tabularis, Photinia aroboreum and Dysospyros saletti. Sumbaviopsis albicans is a Plant Species of the family Euphorbiaceae and the sole member of the Genus Sumbaviopsis Seedlings can only grow in holes and cracks in the limestone where soil has accumulated, so in general regeneration after disturbance is slow.

The forest type in this national park is dominated by evergreen tree species with scattered deciduous trees such as Dipterocarpus kerri, Anogeissus acuminate, Pometia pinnata and Lagerstroemia calyculata. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round

In Phong Nha-Ke Bang park, the dominant plant families are the Lauraceae, Fagacaeae, Theaceae and Rosaceae, with some scattered gymnosperms such as Podocarpus imbricatus, Podocarpus neriifolius, and Nageia fleuryi. The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of Flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The Theaceae is a Family of Flowering plants composed of shrubs and trees The Rosaceae or Rose family is a large family of Plants with about 3000-4000 species in 100-160 genera Gymnosperm (Gymnospermae are a group of Spermatophyte seed-bearing Plants with Ovules on the edge or blade of an open Sporophyll, which are UserPolbot. --> Podocarpus neriifolius is a species of Conifer in the Podocarpaceae family UserPolbot. --> Nageia fleuryi is a species of Conifer in the Podocarpaceae family [6][7]

In this national park, there exists a 5000-ha forest of Calocedrus macrolepis on limestione (Calocedrus rupestris) mounts with about 2,500 trees, 600 per hectare. This is the largest forest of this tree in Vietnam. Most of these trees here are 500-600 years old. These trees are listed in group 2A (rare, precious and limited exploitation) of the official letter 3399/VPCP-NN dated 21 June 2002, an amendment to the Decree 48 by the Government of Vietnam. [8]

Biologists have discovered three rare orchid species. [9] Orchids found here include: Paphiopedilum malipoense, Paphiopedilum dianthum, Paphiopedilum concolor. Paphiopedilum malipoense is commonly known as the Jade Slipper Orchid. UserPolbot. --> Paphiopedilum dianthum is a species of Plant in the Orchidaceae family Paphiopedilum concolor is a small terrestrial Orchid with dark green and grey-green mottled leaves In 1996 IUCN classified these orchid species in danger of extinction in the near future. [8]

Endemic species in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is composed of: Burretiodendron hsienmu, Cryptocarya lenticellata,Deutrizanthus tonkinensis, Eberhardtia tonkinensis, Heritiera macrophylla, Hopea sp. UserPolbot. --> Burretiodendron hsienmu is a species of Flowering plant in the Tiliaceae family , Illicium parviflorum, Litsea baviensis, Madhuca pasquieri, Michelia faveolata, Pelthophorum tonkinensis, Semecarpus annamensis, Sindora tonkinensis. UserPolbot. --> Madhuca pasquieri is a species of Plant in the Sapotaceae family UserPolbot. --> Sindora tonkinensis is a species of Legume in the Fabaceae family [10]

Faunae

Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis, a newly found species in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis, a newly found species in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

The forest in Quang Binh in general and in Phong Nha-Ke Bang is home to 98 families, 256 genera and 381 species of vertebrates. Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis (Vietnamese Thằn lằn Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng) is a species of Gecko native to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Sixty-six animal species are listed in the Vietnam's Red Data Book and 23 other species in the World Red Book of Endangered Species. Vietnam's Red Data Book (Vietnamese Sách đỏ Việt Nam) is a list of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora native to Vietnam. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global

In 2005, a new species of gecko (Lygosoma boehmeiwas) was discovered here by a group of Vietnamese biologists together with biologists working for the park, Cologne Zoo in Germany and the Saint Petersburg Wild Zoology Institute in Russia. Geckos are small to average sized Lizards belonging to the family Gekkonidae which are found in warm climates throughout the world The Aktiengesellschaft Cologne Zoological Garden is the Zoo of Cologne, Germany. [11]

The Gaur and one species of eel have been discovered in this park. The gaur (ˈɡaʊɚ ( Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large dark-coated bovine animal of South Asia and Southeast Asia. [5] Ten new species not seen ever in Vietnam were discovered by scientists in this national park. [12]

Phong Nha-Ke Bang is home to significant populations of primates in Vietnam, with ten species and sub-speces. A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye These include the globally vulnerable Pig-tailed Macaque, Assamese Macaque, Stump-tailed Macaque and White-cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys and Nomascus leucogenys siki). The Assam Macaque ( Macaca assamensis) is a Macaque lives throughout much of southern and southeast Asia, including India, Nepal The Stump-tailed Macaque ( Macaca arctoides) also called the Bear Macaque, is a species of Macaque found in Southern Asia. The Park is probably home to the largest population of Francois' Langur in Vietnam, including two different forms of the species. The Francois' Langur or Francois' Leaf Monkey ( Trachypithecus francoisi) is a species of Lutung and the Type species of its Species The area is highly significant for its population of Hatinh Langur and Black Langur. The Hatinh Langur ( Trachypithecus hatinhensis) is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam, primarily in the Ten bat species listed in the IUCN List of Threatened Species have been recorded in this park.

Of the 59 recorded reptile and amphibian species, 18 are listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book and 6 are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and Vietnam's Red Data Book (Vietnamese Sách đỏ Việt Nam) is a list of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora native to Vietnam. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global The 72 fish species include 4 species endemic to the area, including Chela quangbinhensis. Devario quangbinhensis or Chela quangbinhensis is a species of Fish endemic to Asia in general and in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, [5][10]

The Phong Nha-Ke Bang park is home to over 200 bird species, inclusive of several rare birds such as: Chestnut-necklaced Partridge, Red-collared Woodpecker, Brown Hornbill, Sooty Babbler and Short-tailed Scimitar-babbler. UserPolbot. -->The Chestnut-necklaced Partridge ( Arborophila charltonii) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. --> The Red-collared Woodpecker ( Picus rabieri) is a species of Bird in the Picidae UserPolbot. -->The Sooty Babbler ( Stachyris herberti) is a species of Bird in the Timaliidae UserPolbot. -->The Short-tailed Scimitar-babbler ( Jabouilleia danjoui) is a species of Bird in the [13][14] There is good evidence for the Vietnamese Pheasant (Lophura hatinhensis) and Imperial Pheasant (Lophura imperialis) species at Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng area. The Vietnamese Pheasant ( Lophura hatinhensis) is a species of Gallopheasant. The Imperial Pheasant, Lophura × imperialis is a dark blue medium-sized up to 75cm long Pheasant with bare red facial skin blue crest crimson legs [10]

An initiative survey conducted by Russian and Vietnamese scientists from Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (funded by WWF) recorded 259 butterfly species of 11 families. Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (Vietnamese Trung tâm nhiệt đới Việt Nga) is a scientific research organization in Vietnam. Almost all major butterfly taxa in Vietnam can be found in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park. [10]

Administrative divisions

The province is divided into six huyện (districts) and one city (Đồng Hới)

The districts are further divided into 154 communes (xã) and these communes are divided into villages (lang or thon). Đồng Hới is the capital city of Quảng Bình province, in the north central coast of Vietnam. Bố Trạch is a district ( huyện) in Quang Binh Province. Lệ Thủy (Huyện Lệ Thủy is a district of Quang Binh Province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. Minh Hóa is a district ( huyện) in Quang Binh Province, in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. Quang Ninh is a district ( huyện) in Quang Binh Province. The district capital is Quan Hau townlet Quảng Trạch is a district ( Huyện) of Quang Binh Province, in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. Tuyen Hoa (Tuyên Hóa is a district (''huyện'' of Quang Binh Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. Like administrative system of Vietnam, the leader of each administrative unit is the secretary of the local Communist Party Cell. The politics of Vietnam takes place in a framework of a single-party Socialist republic. Each administrative unit includes a people's council, who elects a people's committee to execute its daily affairs.

Culture and Education

The province is home to Quang Binh University, a newly-established university from the Normal College of Quang Binh. This university has faculties of business administration, normal faculty, informatics faculty. [15]

There are several high schools and primary schools in counties. Inhabitants here regards education as family tradition and the most important means to make ends meet and to eliminate poverty. Quang Binh province is the land of rich culture and famous people. There is an archaeological site of Bau Tro, Phu Luu ancient bronze drums in the time of Dong Son’s culture. Bau Tro ( Vietnamese: Bàu Tró Bàu in Vietnamese dialect means pond) is a Lake in Dong Hoi city Quang Binh Province. There are also many historical relics such as Quang Binh Quan, Luy Thay, Rao Sen, Nha Ngo Citadel, parapet and outer walls of Trinh - Nguyen, famous places during the wars such as Cu Nam, Canh Duong, Cha Lo, Xuan Son sky gate, Long Dai, Ho Chi Minh Trail . The Ho Chi Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam through . . In the past time, there were many Quang Binh people of great education, gaining top position in examinations, many cultural and academic villages such as "Bat Danh Huong" (eight famous villages): "Son - Ha - Canh - Tho - Van - Vo - Co - Kim" to be praised from generation to generation. Many celebrities such as Duong Van An, Nguyen Huu Canh, Nguyen Ham Ninh, Hoang Ke Viem,. Dương Văn An (1514-? ( tự: Tỉnh Phú, Hán Tự: 楊[[wikt 文|文]] 安) was a minister in the cabinet of Mạc Dynasty Lễ Thành Hầu Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh or Nguyễn Hữu Kính, Hán tự:阮有鏡 (1650–1700? was a general of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Chu. Hoàng Kế Viêm (1820-1909 was a mandarin a general of Nguyễn Dynasty. . . and famous historical figure, General Vo Nguyen Giap were originated from Quang Binh. There are many festivals and typical traditional villages. [16]

Quảng Bình is also home to many types of hò, foklore singings like Hò khoan Lệ Thủy, Hò Quảng Trạch. Hò khoan Lệ Thủy singing is a Vietnamese Folk music style characterized both by its Antiphonal nature with alternating groups of Female [17]

On July 3, 2007, an earthen pot of ancient coins weighing 20 kg was found buried at 500 cm underground in a paddy field and later sold for US$12. 5 per kilo. This site is located in Tran Xa village, Ham Ninh commune, Quang Ninh district. The coins were of Tang Dynasty period. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by [18]

Compared to other provinces in areas surrounding Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, Quang Binh is the poorer province. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam This article is about the city of Đà Nẵng For the Vietnam War era air base see Da Nang Air Base or Đà Nẵng International Airport. Therefore, more and more young and educated here find their ways to the big cities and more industrialized provinces.

In each comme (xã, a rural sudivision of district) , there is a clinic and there is a hospital in every county, in Dong Hoi city, there are more. The Dong Hoi Hospital, which was donated by Cuba, was built in the 1980s. [19]

Economy

The provincial GDP per capita is one of the lowest of Vietnam (around US$ 400, compared to Vietnam's average GDP per capita of US$ 700). Industries base on mainly construction material production (ciment, tiles, building rock, brick) thanks to its abundance in limestone and white clay deposits. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The province has two industrial parks, one in Dong Hoi city and the other in Hon La bay. Sea food processing, bio-fertilizer and aluminum production are also important to this provincial economy. Over 80% of the population live on agricultural production. In recent years, tourism has been emerged as the significant contribution to Quang Binh largely thanks to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (World Heritage site) and several white fine sand beaches. Phong Nha - Ke Bang (Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is a National park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Bố Trạch and Trade conducted with Laos through Cha Lo gate by National Road 12. In 2005, this province's export value is just 30 million US$ or 1% of Vietnam's export revenue. In 2006, the province contributed 608 billion VND (US$ 38 million) to the state budge (of the total US$15. The đồng (IPA dɔŋ ( sign: ₫; code: VND) is the Currency of Vietnam since May 3, 1978 68 billion) or 0. 024% only [20] The province agriculture is comprehensively developed with the direction of production of commodities. Crops and cultivation calendar have been gradually arranged in a more appropriate manner. The food production has been continuously increased reaching 200,000 tons in the year 2000. Industrial trees are well developed, especially long term trees. The total area of industrial trees is 14,105ha, of which the area of rubber is 6,400 ha providing 2,000 tons of dried resin. Cattle and husbandry keep growing. The average agriculture growth rate is 5. 7% during the period 1996 - 2000.

In the recent years, forestry production of Quang Binh Province has been changed in terms of structure from mainly exploiting to protecting, developing forest for forest resource conservation. The value of forestry and afforestration has increased 87. 3%, in particular from 1996 to 2000 the growth rate was 65. 3%. The annual afforestration area is around 4,000 ha. Up to date 38,851 ha of forest has been planted.

Fishery sector has continuously developed and become a key economic sector of the province. At present the province has around 3,200 fishing boats with power of over 67,000CV. In the year 2000, the output of sea products is estimated at 17,104 tons, of which about 1,600 tons is from raising. The province has 3 shrimp nursery stations, 8 fish nursery stations supplying 5 - 7 mil. tiger baby shrimps, 40 - 45mil. baby fish and 4 - 5 mil. fingerlings annually. At present the province has 2 factories of processing frozen sea products and 4 factories of processing dried products for exportation. The services of fishing sector such as making and repairing ships, purchasing, processing sea products and providing technical assistance and infrastructure for fishing are continuously developed. Hower, the development of fishery sector in recent years is not so high as the potentials could provide.

As of February 2008, the province licensed 59 investment project with total capital of $500 million. [21]

Landscapes and attractions

The mouth of Phong Nha Cave, one of the caves with underground river in the Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province
The mouth of Phong Nha Cave, one of the caves with underground river in the Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province
Da Nhay Beach in Quang Binh
Da Nhay Beach in Quang Binh
Nhat Le Beach in Dong Hoi
Nhat Le Beach in Dong Hoi

Quang Binh has several tourist attraction sites that could be turned into tourism development. Nhat Le Beach is a beach in Dong Hoi city the capital of Quang Binh Province, home to World heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park [22]

[23][10]

Phong Nha-Ke Bang area is noted for its cave and grotto systems as it is composed of 300 caves and grottoes with a total length of about 70 km, of which only 20 have been surveyed by Vietnamese and British scientists; 17 of these are in located in the Phong Nha area and three in the Ke Bang area. Phong Nha holds several world cave records, as it has the longest underground river, as well as the largest caverns and passageways. [5] Following UNESCO listing of this park, the number of visitors to this province changed significantly. [24]

Transportation

There are two parallel national roads cross the province: The National Road 1A (runs from Lang Son Province to Ca Mau Province along the coastline of the country) and Ho Chi Minh Highway (runs from North-Western part of Vietnam to Ca Mau along the mountainous part, nearly coinciding Ho Chi Minh Trail). Lạng Sơn ( Hán Tự: 諒[[wikt 山|山]] is a province in far northern Vietnam, Cà Mau is a province of Vietnam, named after its capital city. Ho Chi Minh Road or Ho Chi Minh Highway ( Vietnamese language: Đường Hồ Chí Minh) is a highway in Vietnam. The Ho Chi Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam through The Road 12 connects this province with Khammouan Province of Laos. The Hanoi-Saigon Railway crosses Quang Binh Province in the hill area with Dong Hoi Railway Station as a main station. The Vietnam North-South Railway, also known as the Reunification Express, is a Railway that runs from Ha Noi to Ho Chi Minh City. Dong Hoi Airport is under construction in Dong Hoi city and due to be opened at the end of 2007 with scheduled flights to and from Ho Chi Minh City's Tan Son Nhat International Airport and Ha Noi's Noi Bai International Airport upon completion. Dong Hoi Airport ( Vietnamese: Cảng hàng không Đồng Hới or Sân bay Đồng Hới) is an Airport located in Loc Ninh commune 6 Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Cảng Hàng không Quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất is Vietnam 's largest international airport in terms of area ( compared with of Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam Noi Bai International Airport (Cảng Hàng không Quốc tế Nội Bài the biggest airport in northern Vietnam, serves the capital city of Hanoi. [3][1][26]

The consrtuction schedule of the airport was late due to lack of capital from the government. It was scheduled to be completed in February 2008, but there are some pending items (10% of the total work), the deadline was extended. [27] According to the latest revised schedule, this airport will be completed and opened in 3rd quarter of 2008. [28]

Hon La Port, a deep-water port is being built (as of March 2008) and will serve domestic and international cargo vessels[29][30]

Demographics

The provincial population is 807,787 (2000). There are 24 ethnic groups live here, predominantly Kinh race, Vân Kiều race and Chứt race. The Vietnamese people (người Việt or vi ''người Kinh'' are an Ethnic group originating from what is now northern Vietnam and southern China. Other minorities are in very small quantity with 100 persons each. All of 23 minority ethnic groups live in mountainous areas. The provincial population is unevenly distributed, with more than 90% live in around 10% of the provincial land while just 10% live in 90% mountainous and sand areas. 88. 5% inhabitants lives in rural areas, 11. 5% lives in urban areas. Labour force accounted for 47. 08% of the population (380,306) in 2000. 72% labour works in rural sectors (agriculture and syvicuture), 10. 9% works in urban area (industrial, service and commercial sectors). There are 10,720 university graduates and postgraduates (4,676 college graduates and 6042 university graduates) in 2000. Of the blue-collar workers, only 35,000 have passed appropriate training courses. [3]

History

Quang Binh Citadel Gate, a citadel built during Nguyen Dynasty in Dong Hoi.
Quang Binh Citadel Gate, a citadel built during Nguyen Dynasty in Dong Hoi. The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. Đồng Hới is the capital city of Quảng Bình province, in the north central coast of Vietnam.

Archaeological excavation in this area proved that human living in what is now Quang Binh province in Stone Age period. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking Many artifacts such as ceramic vases, stone tools, china was unearthed in Quang Binh. [31]

In 1926, a French female archaeologist, Madeleine Colanie discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quang Binh. She concluded that there existed the Hòa Bình Culture in this region. The term Hoabinhian ( Vietnamese: Văn hóa Hòa Bình) was first used by French archaeologists working in Northern Vietnam to describe Holocene Through C14 dating test, the artifacts here dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) ago. [16]

From Quy Dat township (Tuyen Hoa) to southwest about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones belonged to an ancient human community. Tuyen Hoa (Tuyên Hóa is a district (''huyện'' of Quang Binh Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. In side Khai grotto near Quy Dat township, the similar artifacts were also found. Especially, there are several ceramic of Dong Son Culture. The Đông Sơn culture was a prehistoric Iron Age culture that was centered at the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam.

Besides, artifacts of Stone Age period were also unearthed in some grottoes in Quang Binh region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their foods. [16]

Under Hung kings, when Van Lang nation founded Văn Lang tribal coalition, Quảng Bình belonged to Việt Thường group. Under Lê Trung Hưng, this province was named Tiên Bình. The central and the south Vietnam (from Ngang mount pass to Binh Thuan Province was long Champa Kingdom. Bình Thuận ( Han Tu: 平[[wikt 順|順]] is a province of Vietnam. The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what The wars between Champa kingdom and Dai Viet before then had happened very regularly, most of the wars logded by Champa kingdom who was then stronger than Dai Viet (Viet the great). Quang Binh was a conflicted territory between Champa and Dai Viet in hundreds of years and became Đại Việt's territory in 1306 after the political marriage of the Trần Dynasty princess Huyen Tran, to Champa king, Jaya Sinhavarman III (Vietnamese: Chế Mân). Huyen Tran (Huyền Trân was a princess during the Trần Dynasty in the History of Vietnam. Princess Huyen Trần was king Trần Nhân Tông's daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now Quảng Bình province, Quảng Trị Province, and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province (then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly). [32][33] During Trinh-Nguyen family war in 17th century, Gianh River in Quang Binh Province was made the frontier between Dang Trong (South Vietnam) and Dang Ngoai (North Vietnam). Dong Hoi city was built as a fortress to protect Nguyen's family Dang Trong from Dang Ngoai's attacks. [34][16] In 1604 the provincial name was changed to Quảng Bình. Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát divided Quảng Bình into 3 counties (dinh): dinh Bố Chính (formerly dinh Ngói), dinh Mười (or dinh Lưu Đồn), and dinh Quảng Bình (or dinh Trạm). [35]

The province was established in 1831, with the part of phủ Quảng Ninh, then added phủ Quảng Trạch. Under French colony (French Indochina, Quang Binh was situated in Annam of French Indochina and Dong Hoi airbase in Quang Binh was used by French army to attack Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and Laotian Pathet army in north and south Laos. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit In 1954, the Geneva Accord was signed by France and Vietnam and invilved parties. This article is about the proposal for peace between Israel and Palestine According to which, Vietnam is temporarily divided into 2 part with Parallel 17 as frontier. The North Vietnam was under communist control while the South Vietnam was in anti-communist and French collaborators control and a universal election would be held in 1956 to unify the country. However, in the South, Ngo Dinh Diem held a referendum determined the form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam and founded pro-American the Republic of Vietnam. The State of Vietnam referendum of 1955 determined the future Form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia [36] Quang Binh belonged to the North Vietnam, just 50 km north of Seventeenth parallel. During Vietnam War, Quang Binh was the most severely destroyed province by US B 52 bombardments due to its location near to Seventeenth parallel and the important part of Ho Chi Minh Trail. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Ho Chi Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam through [37][38]. In 1976 Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị Province, Thừa Thiên Province Province were merged into Bình Trị Thiên Province, in 1990 Binh Tri Thien Province was split into three provinces as they were before. Thua Thien-Hue (in Vietnamese Thừa Thiên-Huế; Hán tự: 承[[wikt 天|天]] 順[[wikt 化|化]] is a province in the [39]

References

  1. ^ a b Quang Binh
  2. ^ Statistics extracted from Official report by Quang Binh People's Committee on the provincial official website (in Vietnamese language) at [1]
  3. ^ a b c d "Tổng quan Quảng Bình", Quang Binh Provincial Government, quangbinhgov. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation  
  4. ^ Rivers in Quang Binh Province on Official Website of Quang Binh government
  5. ^ a b c d e United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre
  6. ^ The Encyclopedia Earth
  7. ^ Official website of Communist Party of Vietnam
  8. ^ a b Những phát hiện chấn động về Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng. Thanh Niên (June 6, 2005). Thanh Nien News (Vietnamese Báo Thanh Niên) is a Ho Chi Minh city -based newspaper in Vietnam Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on [[5 February 2008]]. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  9. ^ http://www.thiennhien.net/news/153/ARTICLE/2243/2007-06-16.html
  10. ^ a b c d e Di sản thiên nhiên thế giới - Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng (Quảng Bình). Vietnam Geological and Mineral Resources Department (2006-07-23). The politics of Vietnam takes place in a framework of a single-party Socialist republic. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
  11. ^ New Lizards Species Found. reptiles. swelluk (2007-09). Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
  12. ^ New species found in Vietnam. practicalfishkeeping (2004-02-19). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
  13. ^ Bird Life Indochina, Birding Center in Vietnam
  14. ^ Official website of Communist Party of Vietnam
  15. ^ website of Quang Binh University. Quang Binh University. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  16. ^ a b c d Quang Binh, Nuoc non huyen dieu, Van Nghe Publishing Housr, 2000, p. 14, 15, 16, 17
  17. ^ Ho khoan Le Thuy. Danang Government (2005-06-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  18. ^ More Tang Dynasty objects discovered in Quang Binh (2007). Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  19. ^ Cuba and Vietnam are brothers in a family. Embajada de Cuba en Vietnam. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  20. ^ Official fiscal report by the Ministry of Finance of Vietnam in 2006, [2]
  21. ^ http://www.vneconomy.com.vn/eng/?param=article&catid=07&id=a604892b852290 Quang Binh registers 500 million USD in projects]
  22. ^ Quang Binh. Asemconnectvietnam (2007-06-09). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  23. ^ World Heritage Nomination, IUCN Technical Evaluation; Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, p. 53, 54, 55. IUCN. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
  24. ^ Hidden treasures: Quang Binh has seen some remarkable changes in recent months, with UNESCO granting World Natural Heritage Status to the province's famous Phong Nha-Ke Bang cave complex. Van Anh visited the windswept, mountainous province to see what authorities planned for the area's new-found fame.
  25. ^ Tours on offer
  26. ^ Construction begins on new Quang Binh airport. Vietnam News (2004-09-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation
  27. ^ T, T. "Sân bay Đồng Hới sẽ được đưa vào khai thác trong dịp Tết Nguyên đán 2008", Ministry of Transport (Vietnam), October 21, 2007. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation  
  28. ^ Chau, Thanh. "Cần đẩy nhanh tiến độ xây dựng sân bay Ðồng Hới", Ministry of Construction (Vietnam), January 16, 2008. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation  
  29. ^ Hon La Port to be linked with mainland (Shipping News in brief). Ecnext (2003-06-09). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  30. ^ President Triet tours provinces. Vietnamnews (2008-01-28). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  31. ^ Da But Culture Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  32. ^ Tran Dynasty
  33. ^ Kingdom of Champa. ancientworld. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  34. ^ Việt sử xứ Đàng Trong (Cochinchinese history) by Phan Khoang
  35. ^ Châu Ô Tạp lục by Lê Quy Don
  36. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2000). Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. ABC-CLIO, 366. ABC-CLIO is a publisher of reference works for the study of history in academic secondary school and public library settings ISBN 1-57607-040-0.  
  37. ^ U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say
  38. ^ B-52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel; U. S. Planes, by Mistake, Bomb Base at Da Nang and Wound 10 Emergency Program Ordered Loss of A-7 Reported 2 Cambodian Villages Periled
  39. ^ Provinces of Vietnam. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of

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