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Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan's Names
Simplified Chinese: 屈原
Traditional Chinese: 屈原
Pinyin: Qū Yuán
Family name: Qu
Traditional Chinese: 屈
Simplified Chinese: 屈
Given name: Ping
Traditional Chinese: 平
Simplified Chinese: 平
Courtesy name (字): Yuan
Traditional Chinese: 原
Simplified Chinese: 原
Alias Given name (自名): Zhengze
Traditional Chinese: 正則
Simplified Chinese: 正则
Alias Courtesy name (别字): Lingjun
Traditional Chinese: 霛均
Simplified Chinese: 灵均

Qu Yuan (Chinese: 屈原; pinyin: Qū Yuán) (ca. Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use 340 BC - 278 BC) was a Chinese patriotic poet from southern Chu during the Warring States Period. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the His works are mostly found in an anthology of poetry known as Chu Ci. Chu Ci ( also known as Songs of the South or Songs of Chu, is an anthology His death is commemorated on Duan Wu or Tuen Ng Festival (端午节/端午節), commonly known as the Dragon Boat Festival in the West.

Contents

Biography

Qu Yuan was a minister in the government of the state of Chu, descended of nobility and a champion of political loyalty and truth eager to maintain the Chu state's sovereignty. A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. Qu Yuan advocated a policy of alliance with the other kingdoms of the period against the hegemonic state of Qin, which threatened to dominate them all. The legend has it that the Chu king, however, fell under the influence of other corrupt, jealous ministers who slandered Qu Yuan, and banished his most loyal counselor. It is said that Qu Yuan returned first to his family's home town. In his exile, he spent much of this time collecting legends and rearranging folk odes while travelling the countryside, producing some of the greatest poetry in Chinese literature while expressing his fervent love for his state and his deepest concern for its future. Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return Chinese literature extends back thousands of years from the earliest recorded dynastic court Archives to the mature fictional Novel that arose during the Ming Dynasty

According to legend, his anxiety brought him to an increasingly troubled state of health; during his depression, he would often take walks near a certain well, during which he would look upon his reflection in the water and be his own person, thin and gaunt. In the legend, this well became known as the "Face Reflection Well. " Today on a hillside in Xiangluping in Hubei province's Zigui, there is a well which is considered to be the original well from the time of Qu Yuan. ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. Zigui County (姊归县 is a county in Yichang, in the central China province of Hubei.

In 278 BC, learning of the capture of his country's capital, Ying, by General Bai Qi of the state of Qin, Qu Yuan is said to have written the lengthy poem of lamentation called "Lament for Ying" and later to have waded into the Miluo river in today's Hunan Province holding a great rock in order to commit ritual suicide as a form of protest against the corruption of the era. Bai Qi ( (?- 257 BC) was an outstanding Military leader in the State of Qin in the Warring States Period. Lament for Ying ( Chinese: 哀郢 Pinyin: Äi Yǐng) is a poem written by famed Chinese poet Qu Yuan ca Miluo River ( Pinyin:mìluó jiāng Chinese:汩罗江 is an important river in the Dongting Lake watershed. ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain

The origin of the Duan Wu Festival

Popular legend has it that villagers carried their dumplings and boats to the middle of the river and desperately tried to save him, but were unsuccessful. In order to keep fish and evil spirits away from his body, they beat drums and splashed the water with their paddles. They threw rice into the water as a food offering to Qu Yuan and to distract the fish away from his body. However, late one night, the spirit of Qu Yuan appeared before his friends and told them that he died because of a river dragon. The Chinese Dragon or Oriental dragon is a mythical creature in East Asian culture with a Chinese origin He asked his friends to wrap their rice into three-cornered silk packages to ward off the dragon. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons These packages became a traditional food known as zòngzi, although the lumps of rice are now wrapped in reed leaves instead of silk. Zong, or zongzi is a traditional Chinese food, made of Glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in Bamboo The act of racing to search for his body in boats gradually became the cultural tradition of dragon boat racing, which is held on the anniversary of his death every year. A dragon boat or "dragonboat" is a very long and narrow human-powered Boat now used in the team Paddling sport of dragon boat

Today, people still eat zòngzi and participate in dragon boat races to commemorate Qu Yuan's sacrifice on the Duan Wu festival, the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Koreans later adopted the festival from the Chinese and called it the Dano festival. [1]

Reputation

Qu Yuan is generally recognised as the first great Chinese poet with record. He initiated the style of Sao, which is named after his work Li Sao, in which he abandoned the classic four-character verses used in poems of Shi Jing and adopted verses with varying lengths, which gives the poem more rhythm and latitude in expression. Li Sao ( Chinese:離騷 Pinyin: Lí Sāo) is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States Period, written by Qu Yuan ( 340 BC Shi Jing ( translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, the Book of Songs or the Book of Odes, is the earliest Qu Yuan is also regarded as one of the most prominent figures of Romanticism in Chinese literature, and his masterpieces influenced some of the greatest Romanticist poets in Tang Dynasty such as Li Bai and Du Fu. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Du Fu ( 712–770 was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty.

Other than his literary influence, Qu Yuan is also held as the earliest patriotic poet in China history. His political idealism and unbendable patriotism have served as the model for Chinese intellectuals to this day.

Works

Scholars have debated the authenticity of several of Qu Yuan's works since the Western Han dynasty (202 BCE - 9). The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Events By place Carthage Accused of treason by the Carthaginians after being defeated by the Romans at the Battle of the The most authoritative historical record, Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian (Shi Ji) mentions five of Qu Yuan's works:

According to Wang Yi of the Eastern Han dynasty (ca. Early life and education Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng Shaanxi. The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC Li Sao ( Chinese:離騷 Pinyin: Lí Sāo) is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States Period, written by Qu Yuan ( 340 BC Zhao Hun ( 招魂; Pinyin: Zhāo Hún) is a poem by Qu Yuan, and collected in the Chu Ci (楚辭 Songs of Chu, sometimes Lament for Ying ( Chinese: 哀郢 Pinyin: Äi Yǐng) is a poem written by famed Chinese poet Qu Yuan ca Lament for Ying ( Chinese: 哀郢 Pinyin: Äi Yǐng) is a poem written by famed Chinese poet Qu Yuan ca The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. 25 CE - 220 CE), a total of 25 works can be attributed to Qu Yuan:

Wang Yi chose to attribute Zhao Hun to a poet of the Western Han dynasty, Song Yu; most modern scholars, however, consider Zhao Hun to be Qu Yuan's original work, whereas Yuan You, Pu Ju, and Yu Fu are believed to have been composed by others. Year 25 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Events By Place Roman Empire The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkans. Li Sao ( Chinese:離騷 Pinyin: Lí Sāo) is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States Period, written by Qu Yuan ( 340 BC Jiu Ge ( Chinese: 九歌; Pinyin: Jiǔ Gē; English: Nine Songs) is a set of short poems sometimes attributed to Jiu Zhang ( Chinese: 九章 Pinyin: Jiu Zhang; English: Nine Pieces) is a collection of poems attributed to Qu Yuan Yuan You ( 遠遊; Pinyin: Yuǎn Yòu; English: Far-off Journey) is a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Bu Ju ( Chinese: 卜居 Pinyin: Bǔ Jū English: Divination) a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Chu Ci Yu Fu ( 漁父; Pinyin: Yú Fù; English: The Fisherman) is a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Chu Zhao Hun ( 招魂; Pinyin: Zhāo Hún) is a poem by Qu Yuan, and collected in the Chu Ci (楚辭 Songs of Chu, sometimes The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Song Yu ( fl 3rd century BCE) was a well-known Chinese poet in the State of Chu. Zhao Hun ( 招魂; Pinyin: Zhāo Hún) is a poem by Qu Yuan, and collected in the Chu Ci (楚辭 Songs of Chu, sometimes Yuan You ( 遠遊; Pinyin: Yuǎn Yòu; English: Far-off Journey) is a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Bu Ju ( Chinese: 卜居 Pinyin: Bǔ Jū English: Divination) a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Chu Ci Yu Fu ( 漁父; Pinyin: Yú Fù; English: The Fisherman) is a poem attributed to Qu Yuan and published in the Chu

References

External links

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