Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Qom Province
استان قم
Location
Map of Iran with Qom highlighted.
Info
Admin. Center:
 • Coordinates:		 Qom
 • 34.6456° N 50.8798° E
Area : 11,526 km²
Population(2005):
 • Density :		 1,064,456
 • 92. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/km²
No. of Counties: 1
Time zone: UTC+3:30
Main language(s): Persian
Shahsevan
Khalaj

Qom is one of the 30 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( Persian: شهرستان shahrestān) an area inside an ostan UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) This article deals with the languages found in Iran. The Iranian languages article deals with the linguistic branch of the Indo-European languages Khalaj is a Language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. 89% of the total area in Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is in the north of the country, and its provincial capital is the city of Qom. It was formed from part of Tehran province in 1995. Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 In 2005, this province had a population of approximately 2,000,000 out of which 91. 2 % resided in urban areas and 8. 8 % in rural vicinities. The province contains one city, four counties, nine rural districts, and 256 villages.

Contents

Geography

The climate of Qom province varies between a desert and semi-desert climate, and comprises mountainous areas, foothills and plains. Due to being located near an arid region and far inland, it experiences a dry climate, with low humidity and scanty rainfall. Thus, agriculture is not possible in most of its areas, especially near the salt lake regions. Qom province has two large salt lakes, namely: Howz e Soltan Lake, which lies 36 km due north of Qom. and Namak Lake, which lies 80 km due east of Qom. Nearly a fifth of Namak Lake lies within Qom province.

Administrative Divisions

Uniquely in Iran, Qom Province is coextensive with the Shahrestan (county) of Qom. Qom County (قم is a County in Qom Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qom.

Map Shahrestan Map Key Bakhsh Center
Qom Q Central Qom
j Jafar Abad
kh Khalajestan
n Nofel Loshato
s Salafchegan
Neighbor Provinces: E: Esfahan, M: Markazi, S: Semnan, T: Tehran

History

Vessel from Kahak, Qom, dated mid-first millennium BC.
Vessel from Kahak, Qom, dated mid-first millennium BC. Shahrestan may refer to Counties of Iran Shahrestan Afghanistan A bakhsh is a type of Administrative division of Iran, translated as county but in many ways similar to a township in the United States or a district Qom County (قم is a County in Qom Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qom. Markazi (استان مرکزی in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Semnān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country and its center is Semnan. Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.

Qom is thought to have existed in pre-Islamic ages. Archeological discoveries indicate Qom as a residential area from the 5th millennium BCE. According to the pre-Islamic remaining relics and historical texts, Qom was a large city. 'Kom' was the name of the ancient rampart of the city of Qom, thus, the Arabs called it Qom during the Arab conquests of Iran. The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656 led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual extirpation of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia

It was during the reign of the second caliph Omar, that the Muslims captured Qom’s center. In 644-645 CE, Abu Moosa Ashari, dispatched forces under his command to Qom. Abu-Musa Abd-Allah Ibn Qays al-Ash'ari, better known as Abu Musa al-Ashari (أبو موسى الأشعري (d Conflicts arose between the invading Arabs and the residents of the area.

During the persecution of the Alavids by the Abbasids and Umayyads, many Alavids fled to Qom, making it their permanent home. The Caliph Al-Ma'mun sent forces to Qom in the year 825 CE, resulting in a public massacre and destruction of the city. Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (also spelled Almamon and el-Mâmoûn) ( September 14, 786 &ndash August 9, 833) (المأمون

On hearing of the demise of al-Ma'mun, the inhabitants of Qom revolted and were successful in overthrowing the representative of the Caliph in 831 CE. Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (also spelled Almamon and el-Mâmoûn) ( September 14, 786 &ndash August 9, 833) (المأمون However al-Ma'mun's successor, al-Mu'tasim, dispatched forces to Qom in order to curb the riots and once again the city was set aflame. Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (also spelled Almamon and el-Mâmoûn) ( September 14, 786 &ndash August 9, 833) (المأمون Abu Ishaq al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun (أبو إسحاق المعتصم بن هارون ʾAbū ʾIsḥāq al-Muʿtaṣim ibn Hārūn 794 &ndash January 5, 842) was an The unrest continued until the Buwayhid dynasty (Al e Booyeh in Persian) came to power, being of the Alavid community. The Buyids (آل بویه Āl-e Buye, Caspian: Bowyiyün also known as Buwaihids or Buyyids, were a Shī‘ah Iranian It was during this reign that the city of Qom expanded and thrived.

In the Saljuqi era the city flourished once more. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in During the first wave of the Mongol invasion, the city witnessed destruction, but after Mongol rulers, particularly after Sultan Öljeitü Khoda bandeh of the Ilkhanate dynasty converted to Islam, the city received special attention, thus witnessing a revival once again. Öljaitü, Oljeitu or Uljeitu, also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh, ( Persian محمد خدابنده - اولجایتو The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

In the late 14th century, the city came under the plunder of Tamerlane when the inhabitants were massacred again. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among During the periods of the rule of the Qarah Qoyoonloo, Aq Qoyoonloo, and specially during the reign of the Safavids, Qom gained special attention and gradually developed. The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz

By 1503, Qom became one of the important centers of theology in relation to the Shia Islam, and became a vital pilgrimage site and religious pivot.

During the Afghan invasion, the city of Qom suffered heavy damages, and its inhabitants witnessed severe economic hardships. Qom further sustained damages during the reigns of Nadir Shah, and the conflicts between the two households of Zandieh and Qajar in order to gain power in Iran. Nāder Shāh Afshār ( also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (November The Zand dynasty ( (سلسله زندیه ruled southern and central Iran ( 1750 &ndash 1794) in the eighteenth century The Qajar dynasty (also known as Ghajar or Kadjar ( ( - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under

In 1798, Qom came under the control of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar . Muḥammad Khān Qājār (1742-1797 (‎&lrm was the chief of the Qajar tribe On being victorious over his enemies, Fath Ali Shah made repairs to the sepulchre and Holy Shrine of Hazrat Ma'soumeh, fulfilling his vow. Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (var Fathalishah Fathali Shah Fath Ali Shah (‎ ( 5 September 1772 - 23 October 1834) was the second Qajar

The city of Qom thrived in the Qajar era. After Russian forces entered Karaj in 1915, many of the inhabitants of Tehran moved to Qom. Karaj is a city in Iran, located in Tehran province. It is situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of Alborz mountains The transfer of the capital from Tehran to Qom was discussed, but the British and Russians demolished the plan by bringing the monarch of the times, Ahmad Shah Qajar under pressure. Ahmad Shah Qajar (احمد شاه قاجار in Persian) ‎( January 21, 1898 - 21 February, 1930) was Shah of Persia Coinciding with this period, a 'National Defense Committee' was set up, and Qom turned into a political and military apex against the Russian and British colonial powers. Qom was also the center from which Ayatollah Khomeini based his opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty, while in Iran. Seyyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( Persian:, pronounced muːsæviː-je xomejniː}}( September 24, 1902 – June 3 1989

Qom today

Today, Qom is considered as one of the focal centers of the Shiite sect both in Iran and around the globe. Its theological center and the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Ma'soomeh are prominent features of the provincial capital of Qom province.

Another religious site of pilgrimage is outside the city of Qom, and is called Jamkaran. Jamkaran Iran (on the outskirts of Qom) is the site of the Jamkaran Mosque a popular pilgrimage site for Shi'ite Muslims Qom's proximity to Tehran has given it an advantage as well. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of

Qom has at times again been considered as a possible candidate for moving the political capital of Iran, as Tehran faces an increasing probability of an overdue major earthquake, aside from its notorious pollution and traffic congestion. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of The conservative factions are favorable to this idea while the business and economic base of Tehran opposes any such moves.

Culture

Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists 195 sites of historical and cultural significance in Qom. The most visited sites are:

Colleges and Universities

External links

Mofid University is a university located in Qum, Iran. It was founded by Ayatollah Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili in 1989 University of Qom is a university in Qom, Qom Province, Iran.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic