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Qibla (قبلة, also transliterated as Qiblah, Kibla or Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Salah. Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of Knowledge which is taught or Researched at the college or university level This is a sub-article to Religious education, Academic discipline, and Islam. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Law and economics. Islamic economics is Economics in accordance with Islamic law See also Modern Islamic philosophy, Islamism, Islamic terrorism Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna In Islamic law Marriage ("ʿurs" عرس is a legal bond and Social contract between a man and a woman as prompted by the Shari'a. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Criminal law. Islamic criminal law (فقه العقوبات is Criminal law in accordance This is a sub-article of Islamic jurisprudence and Etiquette. This is a sub-article to Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic theology. In Islamic Legal terminology Baligh or Bulugh (بالغ or بُلوغ refers to a person who has reached maturity or Puberty and has full responsibility Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and The word (ركعة pl ركعات) refers to one unit of Islamic prayer or Salah. A turbah ( Arabic تربة is a small piece of soil or clay used by practitioners of Shi'a Islam during Sunnah salat (صلاة السنة are optional prayers that can be performed by Muslims at almost any time of the day Tahajjud (تهجد also known as the "night prayer" is a voluntary prayer performed by followers of Islam This is a sub-article of Sunnah salat and Ramadan. Tarawih ( تراويح) is an Arabic phrase referring to extra prayers Nafilah salah (صلاة نفل is a type of optional Salah in Islam. Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world This is a sub-article of Hajj and Islamic cleanliness. Ihram (إحرام iḥrām, from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-R-M This is a sub-article of Ihram. Ihram clothing (also spelt Ahram clothing includes men's and women's garments worn by Muslim people during This is a sub-article of Ihram. "Mut'ah of Hajj" or "hajj al-tamattu" (joy of Hajj involves relaxation of the Ihram Tawaf (طواف is one of the Islamic rituals of Pilgrimage. During the Hajj and Umrah, Muslims are to circumambulate The ʿUmrah or ( عمرة) is a pilgrimage to Mecca performed by Muslims that can be undertaken at any time of the year Combining Umr'ah and Hajj is something that became forbidden by Umar the second Sunni Caliph. This is a sub-article to Fiqh and Hygiene Hygiene is a prominent topic in Islam. Islamic military jurisprudence consists of the basic laws governing the conduct of the military aspects of Jihad (also known as "lesser Jihad " Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and Most mosques contain a niche in a wall that indicates the qibla. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A mihrab (محراب pl محاريب is a niche in the wall of a Mosque that indicates the Qibla, that is the direction of the Kaaba
The qibla has importance to more than just the salat, and plays an important part in everyday ceremonies. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and The head of an animal that is slaughtered using Halal methods is aligned with the qibla. Halal (حلال ḥalāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. After death, Muslims are buried with their faces in the direction of the qibla. Thus, archeology can indicate a Muslim necropolis if no other signs are present. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos A necropolis (plural necropoleis or necropoles) is a large Cemetery or burial place (from Greek nekropolis "city of the dead"
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History of the qibla
At one point the direction of the qibla was toward Bayt al-Maqdis, Jerusalem (and it is therefore called the First of the Two Qiblas). Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the At least since Mishnaic times (200 CE), Jews face the temple mount in Jerusalem while praying. The Mishnah speaks about this in Berakhot (Talmud) chapter 4, Mishnahs 5 and 6 and this practice is even found as early as I Kings 8:35-36. The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism Berakhot The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. In Islam, this only lasted for seventeen months after Muhammad's arrival in Medina,[1] after which the qibla became oriented towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored According to accounts from the prophet Muhammad's companions, the change happened very suddenly during the noon prayer in Medina, in a mosque known as Masjid al-Qiblatain (Mosque of the Two Qiblas). IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Masjid al-Qiblatain ( المسجد القبلتین) ( Mosque of the two Qiblas) is a Mosque in Medina that is historically important for Muhammad was leading the prayer when he received a revelation from Allah instructing him to take the Kaaba as the qibla (literally, "turn your face towards the Masjid al Haram"). Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām ( ar المسجد الحرام ʔælmæsʤɪd ælħaram "The Sacred Mosque" is the largest Mosque in the world According to the historical accounts, Muhammad, who had been facing Jerusalem, upon receiving this revelation, immediately turned around to face Mecca, and those praying behind him also did so.
The qibla, for any point of reference on the Earth, is the direction of the Kaaba. Some Muslims from North America determine this direction using a rhumb line, while most Muslims worldwide use a great circle. See also Great circle Small circle A great circle is a Circle on the surface of a Sphere that has the same circumference as the sphere dividing the sphere into two equal Hemispheres. In Muslim religious practice, supplicants must face this direction in prayer. Muslims do not worship the Kaaba or its contents; the Kaaba is simply a focal point for prayer. If someone is inside the Kaaba, they are allowed to face in any direction.
In ancient times, Muslims traveling abroad used an astrolabe to find the qibla. The astrolabe is a historical Astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, Navigators
Two methods in determining the direction of the Qibla
In the last 1000 years, several Muslim mathematicians and astronomers, such as Biruni, have discussed the correct way of determining the qibla direction from any point on the Earth's surface. All of them agree that at the two moments in each year when the Sun is directly overhead the Kaaba, the direction of shadows in any sunlit place will point directly away from the qibla. This happens on May 27 or May 28 at 9:18 GMT and on July 15 or July 16 at 9:27 GMT. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
Of course, at any time, only half of the globe is sunlit. Fortunately, there are two moments in each year when the Sun is directly over the antipodes of the Kaaba. The antipodes refer to lands and peoples located on the opposite side of the World compared to the speaker At that time, the direction of shadows in any sunlit place will point directly towards the qibla. This happens on January 12 or January 13 at 21:29 GMT and on November 28 at 21:09 GMT. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
Because the Earth is almost a sphere, this is almost the same as saying that the qibla from a place is the direction in which a bird would start flying in order to get to the Kaaba by the shortest possible way.
North American rules: The traditional and the Mercator map
In recent years, Muslims from North America have used two rules to determine the direction of the Qibla. A Muslim praying from Anchorage, Alaska should pray almost due North if determining the Qibla according to the traditional rule. However, when one looks at the world on a Mercator map, Mecca appears to be southeast of Anchorage. The rhumb line from most points in North America to Mecca will point toward the southeast, but the distance to Mecca along this route on the actual surface of the earth is longer than the traditional great circle route. See also Great circle Small circle A great circle is a Circle on the surface of a Sphere that has the same circumference as the sphere dividing the sphere into two equal Hemispheres.
The vast majority of Muslim communities in North America face toward the northeast, following the great-circle route. A minority faces towards the southeast according to early Islamic methods including sighting the stars, sun, wind, etc. [2]
Muslims consider the direction of Qibla very important because the fact that all Muslims pray towards the Kaaba is traditionally considered to be symbol of the unity of all Muslims worldwide under the law of God. Ummah (أمة is an Arabic word meaning Community or Nation. It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or (in the
Most Qibla calculating programs use the traditional method and don't mention the Mercator map method.
Substitution of the direction of the Qiblah
If the direction of the qiblah is unavailable, a Muslim can pray in any desired direction, as long as his/her intent is to perform prayer to God. However, the general direction is towards the west where the sun set.
The Qiblah from Space
In April of 2006, Angkasa, the Malaysian space agency, sponsored a conference of scientists and religious scholars to address the issue of how the qibla should be determined when one is in orbit. The Malaysian National Space Agency (MNSA Malaysian: Agensi Angkasa Negara, ANGKASA is a Malaysian Space agency established in For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to Outer space and Space exploration. In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star The conference concluded that the astronaut should determine the location of the qibala ""according to [their] capability". [1]There have already been several Muslim astronauts, among them the very first being Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and the latest being the first Muslim woman in space Anousheh Ansari and the Russian Federal Space Agency will be taking a Muslim Malaysian astronaut into orbit in 2007. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( Arabic: سلطان بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود) is an officer in the Royal Saudi Anousheh Ansari (انوشه انصاری born 12 September 1966) is the Iranian-American co-founder and chairman of Prodea Systems, Inc and The Russian Federal Space Agency ( Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство России Federal'noe kosmicheskoe agentstvo Rossii
See also
- Masjid al Haram
- Black Stone
- Kaaba
- Craig retroazimuthal projection
- Qiblih, the Bahá'í equivalent of the qibla
References
- ^ In the Lands of the Prophet, Time-Life, p. Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām ( ar المسجد الحرام ʔælmæsʤɪd ælħaram "The Sacred Mosque" is the largest Mosque in the world The Black Stone (called الحجر الأسود al-Hajar-ul-Aswad in Arabic) is a Muslim object of reverence which according to Islamic The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the The Craig retroazimuthal Map projection was created by James Ireland Craig in 1909 In the Bahá'í Faith the Qiblih ( is the location that Bahá'ís should face when saying their daily obligatory prayers, and is fixed at the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind 29
- ^ "The Correct Qibla" S. Kamal Abdali
External links
- Islamic Earth: Find Qibla Direction at any point on Earth accurately! (Uses the Great Circle method)
- Qiblah Direction Finder
- Find Qibla using rhumb line and great circle. See also Great circle Small circle A great circle is a Circle on the surface of a Sphere that has the same circumference as the sphere dividing the sphere into two equal Hemispheres. Also compute magnetic declination
- Worldwide Qibla Locator
- Full information of the Holy Ka'bah
- Al-Quds About.com
- Second Year of the Hijra on al-islam.org
- Qiblah In North America Argues that the Qiblah is based on a rhumb line path
- Qiblah direction Argues that the Qiblah is based on a great circle path
- Determining the Sacred Direction of Islam
- Qibla Finder Widget for Konfabulator
- a website favoring the "shortest way" method. The magnetic declination (also known as grid magnetic angle in military circles at any point on the Earth is the angle between the local magnetic field -- the direction See also Great circle Small circle A great circle is a Circle on the surface of a Sphere that has the same circumference as the sphere dividing the sphere into two equal Hemispheres.
- a website favoring the traditional method
- Qibla in hotels
- The Qiblah in North America Website favoring the East due South direction of the Qiblah in North America
- Adhan and Qibla
- Information about how to find qiblah is included
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