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Qazvīn Province
استان قزوین
Location
Map of Iran with Qazvīn highlighted.
Info
Admin. Center:
 • Coordinates:		 Qazvin
 • 36.2693° N 50.0029° E
Area : 15,549 km²
Population(2005):
 • Density :		 1,166,861
 • 75. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Qazvin ( also spelled as Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran with an estimated population of 331409 in 2005 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0/km²
No. of Counties: 5
Time zone: UTC+3:30
Main language(s): Persian
Tati
Azeri
Gilaki
Talysh

Qazvīn is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( Persian: شهرستان shahrestān) an area inside an ostan UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) This article deals with the languages found in Iran. The Iranian languages article deals with the linguistic branch of the Indo-European languages The Giləki language is an ancient and living Caspian language and a member of the northwestern Iranian language branch spoken in Iran 's Mazanderan The traditional heartlands of the Talysh language are the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is in the north-west of the country, and its center is the city of Qazvin. Qazvin ( also spelled as Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran with an estimated population of 331409 in 2005 The province was created in 1996 out of part of Zanjan province and includes 20 cities: Qazvin city, Takestan, Abyek, Booin Zahra, Eqhbalieh, Mohammadieh, Alvand, Isfarvadin, Mahmood Abad Nemooneh, Khoram Dasht, Ziä Abad, Avaj, Shäl, Danesfahan, Abgarm, Ardägh, Moallem Keläyeh, Razmian Kouhin and Bidestan in the form of four townships (chief cities) contains 18 sections, 44 rural districts, and 1543 villages. Zanjan (زنجان زنجان is a province located in the North-West Iran with the Zanjan city being its center Qazvin ( also spelled as Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran with an estimated population of 331409 in 2005 Takestan ( is the capital of Takestan County, a township in Qazvin province, Iran. Abyek, also spelt Abiyek, is a city in Iran. It is located in Qazvin province. For the Iranian frigate Alvand see Iranian frigate Alvand; for the village in Azerbaijan see Əlvənd.

The population of the province is more than one million people (2003) of which 62 % live in the cities and 38 % live in the villages. Concerning the sex-ratio, the ratio of men to women is 50. 7 to 49. 3 %. 99. 6% of the province population are Muslims and 0. 4% of the rest come from other religions. The literacy rate is a bit higher than 82 % which represents the 7th rank in Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

Contents

Geography and climate

Image:Qazvin nature.jpg
Nature of Qazvin in autumn.

The province covers 15821 km² between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Mazandaran and Gilan, on the west by Hamedan and Zanjan, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehran Provinces. Mazandaran is a Caspian Hamedān or Hamadān ( Persian: همدان, Old Persian: Hagmatana Hebrew: המזיין Ancient Greek: Ecbatana) The name Zanjan may mean one of the following subdivisions in the country of Iran: Zanjan Province Zanjan County, an area Markazi (استان مرکزی in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. The famous mountains of the province are those of Siälän, Shäh Alborz, Khashchäl, Sephidkouh, Shojä e din, Alehtareh, Rämand, Ägh dägh, Kharaghän, Saridagh, Soltan pïr, and Siähkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175m and Shäh Alborz which is 4056m are the highest. All are part of the central chain of Alborz. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High The lowest point of the province is in Tärom e Soflä.

The climate of the province in the northern parts is cold and snowy in winters and temperate in summers. In the southern parts the climate is mild with comparatively cold winters and warm summers.

Introduction and history

Qazvin was the location of a former capital of the Persian Empire and contains over 2000 architectural and archeological sites. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia It is a provincial capital today that has been a cultural center of mass throughout history.

Archeological findings in the Qazvin plain reveal the existence of urban agricultural settlements as far back as 7000BC. The name “Qazvin” or “Kasbin” is derived from Cas, an ancient tribe that lived south of the Caspian Sea millennia ago. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. Qazvin is historically also rendered as Kazvin, Kasvin, and Casbin in western texts. The Caspian Sea itself in fact derives its name from the same origin. Qazvin geographically connects Tehran, Isfahan, and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian seacoast and Asia Minor, hence its strategic location throughout the ages. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

Qazvin has been a hotbed of historical developments in Iranian history. In the early years of the Islamic era Qazvin served as a base for the Arab forces. Destroyed by Genghis Khan (13th century), the Safavid monarchs made Qazvin the capital of the Safavid empire in 1548 only to have it moved to Isfahan in 1598. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān During the Qajar Dynasty and contemporary period, Qazvin has always been one of the most important governmental centers due to its proximity to Tehran.

Bombed and occupied by Russian forces in both World Wars, Qazvin is also where the famous coup d’etat was launched from that led to the rise of the first Pahlavi dynasty in 1921. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Qazvin is also situated near Alamut, where the famous Hasan-i Sabbah, founder of the secret Ismaili order of the Assassins, operated from. Alamūt ( Persian الموت "Eagle Peak" often appearing in the folk etymological form قلعه الموت Qal‘atu l-Mūt "the Castle of Death" Hassan-i Sabbāh (حسن صباح حسن الصباح Hassan aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ, c For the Egyptian city see Ismaïlia. The Ismāʿīlī ( Urdu: إسماعیلی Ismāʿīlī, Arabic: الإسماعيليون The Hashshashin (also Hashishin, Hashashiyyin, Hashasheen or Assassins) were an offshoot of the Ismā'īlī sect of Shia Qazvin has been able to survive all this turmoil, today having a population of 290,000 (1996).

Qazvini Attractions

Qazvin province contains fine examples of Iranian architecture from various ages.
Qazvin province contains fine examples of Iranian architecture from various ages.

Qazvin contains several archeological excavations dating back 9000 years ago. There are also 23 castles from the Ismaili Assassins nearby as well. And in the middle of the city, there lies the ruins of Meimoon Ghal'eh, one of several Sassanide edifices in the area. Meimoon2jpg|right|thumb|Meimoon Ghaleh plan of main floor]] Meimoon Ghal'eh Castle, also known as Mehman Ghal'eh Castle is one of several castle ruins scattered

Qazvin contains few buildings from the Safavi era when it was capital of Persia. Perhaps the most famous of the surviving edifices is the Ali Qapu mansion, today a museum in central Qazvin.

Historical Mosques

After Islam, the abundant attendance of mystics (ascetics), as well as the prevalence of tradition (Hadith), religious jurisprudence (Fegh´h), and philosophy in Qazvin, led to the emergence of many mosques and religious schools among which the most magnificent ones are:

Churches and Russian architecture

Qazvin actually contains three buildings built by The Russians in the late 19th/early 20th century. Among these is the current Mayor's office (former Ballet Hall), a water reservoir, and the Cantor church where a Russian pilot is buried.

According to explorers Pietro Della Valle (1588-1713), Jean Baptist Tavenier (1605-1689), Johannes Chardin (1643-1713), and others, there have been many Christians of various sects living in Qazvin for centuries. Pietro della Valle ( April 2, 1586 – April 21, 1652) was an Italian traveler in Asia. Qazvin is where The Saint Hripsime Church is located, and it is also where four Jewish prophets gave tidings of the arrival of Jesus Christ. Their tomb is now a popular shrine called Peighambariyeh.

Castles and forts

These are castles and fortifications left over mostly from the Isma'ili movement of the middle ages:

Tombs, Shrines, and Mausoleums

The Kharaghan twin towers, built in 1067 AD, Qazvin province.
The Kharaghan twin towers, built in 1067 AD, Qazvin province. Alamūt ( Persian الموت "Eagle Peak" often appearing in the folk etymological form قلعه الموت Qal‘atu l-Mūt "the Castle of Death" Meimoon2jpg|right|thumb|Meimoon Ghaleh plan of main floor]] Meimoon Ghal'eh Castle, also known as Mehman Ghal'eh Castle is one of several castle ruins scattered Kharraqan towers are Mausoleums built in 1093 CE and 1067 CE located on the plains in northern Iran, near Qazvin.

Another grand attraction in Qazvin Province, is the tombs of two Saljuki era princes, Aboo Saeed Bijar son of Sad and Aboo Mansoor Iltai son of Takin, that are located in two separate towers known as the Kharaghan twin towers. Constructed in 1067, these are the first monuments in Islamic Architecture which include a non-conic two-layered dome.

Unfortunately, both towers were severely damaged by a devastating earthquake on March 2003.

Some popular shrines and Mausoleums in Qazvin province are:

Traditional Reservoirs

In the old days, Qazvin was nicknamed the 'city of water reservoirs'. Hamdollah Mostowfi ( 1281 – 1349 was an Iranian Historian, Geographer and epic poet Of the 100 or so water reservoirs of Qazvin, only 10 remain today, all protected by the Provincial Cultural Heritage Organization. See: List of famous ab anbars of Qazvin

Bazaars and Caravanserais

Qazvin has some fine examples of centuries old Bazaars and caravanserais:

Old City Gates and other popular edifices

Peihgambariyeh ("the place of the prophets"). The mausoleum contains the resting place of four Jewish saints.
Peihgambariyeh ("the place of the prophets"). is known to have had close to or in excess of 100 drinking water reservoirs called Ab anbars ' before modernization in the 20th century A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold A caravanserai ( kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside Inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh (سعد السلطنه is a large Caravanserai located in the city of Qazvin in Qazvin Province of Iran. The mausoleum contains the resting place of four Jewish saints.

During the 9th century A. D. seven gates made entrance to the city possible. In Qajar period there existed nine gates surrounding the city which were connected to each other through a wall around the city. These gates (darvāzeh in Persian) were:

  1. Panbeh Riseh
  2. Sheikh Abad
  3. Rasht
  4. Maghlävak
  5. Khandaghbar
  6. Shahzadeh Hossein
  7. Mossala
  8. Tehran
  9. Räh e Koushk

Due to 20th century hasty urban expansion, unfortunately only the last two gates remain standing. Other popular attractions of Qazvin province include:

Famous Qazvinis

craftsmanship at Shazdeh Hosein shrine.
craftsmanship at Shazdeh Hosein shrine.

Aside from Shahzadeh Hossein, a shiite saint, where a handsome shrine has been built, there are an abundance of scientists and mystics who lived in Qazvin, or came from Qazvin, or whose tombs are scattered throughout the cities and villages of the province. Some of these are:

Qazvin today

Agriculture

13000km² is under cultivation in Qazvin, covering 12% of the cultivable lands of the country. Táhirih ( "The Pure One" or Qurratu'l-`Ayn ( "Solace of the Eyes" are both titles of Fátimih Baraghání (b These are fed by numerous subterranean canals, deep and semi-deep wells, and a large irrigating canal which originates from The Sangbän dam in Taleghän and Ziärän. The agricultural produce of the land is grape, hazelnut, pistachio, almond, walnut, olive, apple, wheat, barely, sugar beet, pomegranate, fig, and cereals. Animal husbandry, and aquatic and poultry breeding are developed throughout the province.

Industries

In recent decades, Qazvin has become a developing pole of the country, primarily due to its preferable location. Qazvin today is a center of textile trade, including cotton, silk and velvet, in addition to leather. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Velvet is a type of tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed with a short dense pile giving it a distinct feel Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process It is on the railroad line and the highway between Tehran and Tabriz. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Tabriz ( تبریز, تبریز) is the largest city in northwestern Iran.

Qazvin has one of the largest power plants feeding electricity into Iran's national power grid, the Shahid Raja'i facility, which provides 7% of the country's electricity.

Colleges and universities

  1. Imam Khomeini International University
  2. Islamic Azad University of Takestan
  3. Islamic Azad University of Qazvin
  4. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
  5. Shahid Babaee Technical Institute

External links

Official links

Miscellaneous

The Imam Khomeini International University is a University in Iran, offering both undergraduate and postgraduate studies Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, is a medical school in Qazvin Province of Iran.
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