Pyrazine
IUPAC name	Pyrazine
Other names	1,4-Diazabenzene, p-Diazine, 1,4-Diazine, Paradiazine, Piazine, UN 1325
Identifiers
CAS number	[290-37-9]
PubChem	9261
EINECS number	206-027-6
ChEBI	30953
SMILES	C1=CN=CC=N1
InChI	1/C4H4N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H4N2
Molar mass	80. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each Chemical substance commercially available in the ChEBI (meaning "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest" or "Chemistry at the EBI " is a database of molecular entities focused on 'small' chemical The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier ( InChI, pronounced "INchee" is a textual Identifier for Chemical substances designed to provide a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 09 g/mol
Appearance	White crystals
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 031 g/cm3
Melting point	52 ºC
Boiling point	115 ºC
Solubility in water	Soluble
Hazards
NFPA 704	2 2 0
R-phrases	R11, R36/37/38
S-phrases	S16, S26, S36
Flash point	55 ºC c. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air c.
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon.

Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. In Mathematics, a point group is a group of geometric symmetries ( isometries) leaving a point fixed It is found in folic acid in the form of pterin. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a Pyrazine ring and a Pyrimidine ring (a Pteridine ring system the pyrimidine ring has a Derivatives like Phenazine are well known for their antitumor, antibiotic and diuretic activity. Phenazine (C12H8N2 or C6H4N2C6H4 also called azophenylene, dibenzo-p-diazine Pyrazine is less basic in nature than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Tetramethylpyrazine is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes^[1]. Granulocytes are a category of White blood cells characterised by It is also found on the cigarette additives list. This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994

Contents 1 Synthesis 2 See also 3 External links 4 References

Synthesis

Many methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and derivatives and some of them very old. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic

In the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis (1876) 2-chloroacetophenone is reacted with ammonia to the amino ketone, then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine ^[2] A variation is the Gutknecht Pyrazine Synthesis (1879) also based on this selfcondensation but differing in the way the alpha-ketoamine is synthesised (the chlorine compound in the above method is a lachrymatory agent) ^{[3] [4]}

The Gastaldi synthesis (1921) is another variation ^{[5] [6]}:

See also

• Pyrimidine, an analog with the second nitrogen atom in position 3. Not to be confused with Hydrogen cyanide, HCN CN gas, or chloroacetophenone or phenacyl chloride, is a substance Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor A condensation reaction is a Chemical reaction in which two Molecules or moieties ( Functional groups) combine to form one single molecule together with A lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from lacrima meaning "a tear " in Latin) (commonly referred to as tear gas) is a Pyrimidine is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound similar to Benzene and Pyridine, containing two Nitrogen Atoms Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny
• Pyridazine, an analog with the second nitrogen atom in position 2. Pyridazine is a heteroaromatic Organic compound with the molecular formula C4H4N2 sometimes called 12- Diazine.
• Pyridine, an analog with only one nitrogen atom. Pyridine is a Chemical compound with the formula C5[[Hydrogen H5]] N.
• Benzene, an analog without the nitrogen atoms. Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6
• Simple aromatic rings
• Methoxypyrazines

External links

• Safety MSDS data
• Safety evaluation of food additives - pyrazine derivatives

References

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