Pyraloidea - Citizendia

Pyraloidea

European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
(unranked)	Obtectomera
Superfamily:	Pyraloidea

Diversity

c. The European Corn Borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis) is a pest of grain particularly Maize. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. This is a list of the Diversity of the Lepidoptera showing the estimated number of genera and species described for each superfamily and where available family 215 genera,
roughly 16,000 described species

Families

The Pyraloidea (pyraloid moths) are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide (Munroe & Solis 1998), and probably at least as many more remain to be described. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The Pyralidae or snout Moths are a family of Lepidoptera. In many The Crambidae are the grass moth family of Lepidoptera ( Butterflies and Moths. A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. They are generally fairly small moths.

This superfamily used to contain the Hyblaeidae, Thyrididae, Alucitidae (plus Tineodidae), Pterophoridae, and Pyralidae. Hyblaeidae are the "teak moths" a family of insects in the Lepidopteran order Thyrididae is the picture-winged leaf moths family of Moths in the Lepidoptera order The Alucitidae or many-plumed moths are a family of Moths with unusually modified wings. Aluctoidea is the Superfamily of many-plumed moths Most of the roughly 160 described Species are in the family Alucitidae; the much smaller The Pterophoridae or plume- Moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings The Pyralidae or snout Moths are a family of Lepidoptera. In many Currently, the Crambidae are usually separated from the Pyralidae, but the first four families are now each split off as a distinct superfamily. The Crambidae are the grass moth family of Lepidoptera ( Butterflies and Moths.

Among all Lepidoptera, pyraloids show the most diverse life history adaptations. Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The larvae of most species feed on living plants either internally or externally as leaf rollers, leaf webbers leaf miners, borers, root feeders, and seed feeders. Some species live parasitically in ant nests (Wurthiinae), predate upon scale insects (certain Phycitinae), or live in the nests of bees (Galleriinae). Ants are social Insects of the family Formicidae and along with the related families of Wasps and Bees belong to the order The scale insects are small Insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the Superfamily Coccoidea. Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea The larvae of the Acentropinae are adapted to life under water, and certain Phycitinae and Pyralinae are adapted to very dry environments and their larvae feed on stored food products. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example The Pyralinae are a Subfamily of Snout moths They comprise more than 900 Species worldwide but most species occur in Asia and Africa Others feed on animal detritus such as carrion and feces. In Biology, detritus is non-living particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material Carrion (from the Latin caro, meaning meat refers to the carcass of a dead animal Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus

With such a variety of living habits, pyraloids are an ideal group for biodiversity studies (Schulze & Fiedler 2003). Some species are of economic importance, e. g. :

rice stem borers (Chilo spp. ; Scirpophaga spp. )
sod grass webworms (different species of Crambinae)
Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella)
European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
Indo-Australian coconut spike moth (Tirathaba rufivena)
Cacao moth (Ephestia elutella)
Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella)
wax moths (Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella)
rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica). Crambinae is a large Subfamily of the Lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout Moths It currently includes over 1800 Species The Indianmeal moth ( Plodia interpunctella) is a Moth of the family Pyralidae. The European Corn Borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis) is a pest of grain particularly Maize. The Mediterranean flour moth or Mill Moth ( Ephestia kuehniella, also Anagasta kuehniella) is a Moth of the family Pyralidae. Achroia grisella, the lesser wax moth is a Moth of the Galleriinae subfamily of the Pyralidae family of the Lepidoptera

References

Munroe, E. G. & M. A. Solis 1998: The Pyraloidea. Pp. 233–256. – In: Kristensen, N. P. , Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography. - In: M. Fischer (ed. ), Handbook of Zoology. Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35. – Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

Schulze, C. H. & K. Fiedler 2003: Vertical and temporal diversity of a species rich moth taxon in Borneo. Pp. 69–88. – In: Basset, Y. , V. Novotny, S. E. Miller & R. L. Kitching, Arthropods of tropical forests. Spatio-temporal resource use in the canopy. – Cambridge University Press.

References

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