Pyotr Nesterov (Russian: Пётр Николаевич Нестеров) (27 February [O.S. 15 February] 1887 in Nizhny Novgorod - 8 September [O.S. 26 August] 1914 in Zhovkva, Lviv Oblast) was a Russian pilot, an aircraft technical designer and an aerobatics pioneer. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Zhovkva (Жовква Żółkiew Zholkva is a City in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Lviv Oblast (Львівська область translit L’vivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as L’vivshchyna - Львівщина Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Aerobatics is the demonstration of flying maneuvers for Training, Recreation or Entertainment.
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Life and career
The son of a military academy teacher, Pyotr Nesterov decided to choose a military career. In warfare ramming is a technique that was used in the air sea and land combat In August 1904 he left the military school in Nizhny Novgorod and went to the artillery school, considered one of the best of its kind. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on He became a second lieutenant and served in the 9th East Siberian artillery brigade in Vladivostok. Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. In 1909, he came into contact with aviation when he was sent to an aircraft manufacturer to work. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them He built his first glider and learned to fly it. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes
In 1911 Nesterov began formal training as a pilot and graduated on 11 October 1912. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting A short time later he also passed the examination to be a military pilot. In May 1913 he became leader of a relay in Kiev, completing night flights at that time. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Achievements
Nesterov believed that an aircraft could fly a loop, a feat not previously performed. Aerobatic maneuvers are flight paths putting Aircraft in unusual attitudes in Air shows Dog fights or Competition aerobatics. Despite the doubts of his peers, Nesterov proved his theory on 9 September 1913 (27 August by the calendar then used in Russia) and became the first pilot to fly a loop. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This was done in a Nieuport IV monoplane with a 70 hp Gnome engine over Syretzk Aerodrome near Kiev, before many watchers. He was then disciplined with ten days close arrest for risking government property. His achievement made him famous overnight and the punishment was reversed and he was promoted to staff captain and later awarded a medal. He founded the practice of aerobatics, stressing the value of these exercises for a military pilot. Aerobatics is the demonstration of flying maneuvers for Training, Recreation or Entertainment. Nesterov improved the flight methods and designed new flight models without rudders.
The First World War gave Nesterov the opportunity to test his air war theories in practice. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He was particularly adept at controlling the bomb release.
Aircraft were unarmed at this early stage, and Nesterov became the first pilot to destroy an enemy airplane in flight in the history of military aviation. On 26 August 1914 he rammed an Austrian reconnaissance plane Albatros B.II of Observer Baron Friedrich von Rosenthal and pilot Franz Malina from FLIK 11. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In warfare ramming is a technique that was used in the air sea and land combat Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber Eager to destroy enemy aircraft, he probably intended to hit it with a landing gear of his Morane-Saulnier monoplane, but he hit it with propeller and as a result, both planes fell. In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi Aéroplanes Morane-Saulnier is a French aircraft manufacturer formed by Raymond Saulnier(1881-1964 and the Morane Brothers Leon(1885-1918 & Robert(1886-1968 in October For Félix du Temple 's invention see ''Monoplane'' (1874 Types of monoplane The main distinction in types of monoplane is A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an Both pilots and Observer died. [3] The town of Zhovkva (currently in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) near the famous air fight was renamed Nesterov, though it has since reverted to Zhovkva. Zhovkva (Жовква Żółkiew Zholkva is a City in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. Lviv Oblast (Львівська область translit L’vivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as L’vivshchyna - Львівщина Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. {The first air to air combat happened August 14, 1914-but no casualties; the first British combat happened August 25,1914 when a German Two seater was forced to land-the crew fled; the first aircraft to be brought down on the Western front was October 5,1914[1]; the first British victory occurred on November 22, 1914 {enemy crew captured}. [2]
Legacy
Nesterov was buried in Kiev, Ukraine. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the His ramming method was used during the Second World War by a number of Soviet pilots with success and without their loss of life. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The air-combat technique of ramming Nesterov pioneered became known in Russian as "Taran". In warfare ramming is a technique that was used in the air sea and land combat In warfare ramming is a technique that was used in the air sea and land combat In honor of Nesterov the Soviet Union established the Nesterov's cup for the best aerobatics crew. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The cup was donated to the International Aeronautics Federation in 1962. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI is the world governing body for Air sports and Aeronautics and Astronautics world records It is awarded to the Men's World Team Champions of the World Aerobatic Championships [4].
A minor planet 3071 Nesterov discovered by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova in 1973 is named after him. Minor planet is a term used since the 19th century to describe objects such as Asteroids that are in Orbit around the Sun but are not Planets 3071 Nesterov (1973 FT1 is a Outer Main-belt Asteroid discovered on March 28, 1973 by T The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova (Тамара Михайловна Смирнова b [3]
See also
References
- Annette Carson - Flight Fantastic: The Illustrated History of Aerobatics (1986)
External links
- Biography of Pyotr Nesterov - in Russian
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