| Putrescine | |
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| IUPAC name | butane-1,4-diamine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [110-60-1] |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| SMILES | NCCCCN |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C4H12N2 |
| Molar mass | 88. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 1516 |
| Melting point |
27 °C |
| Boiling point |
158-160 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine). The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 It is related to cadaverine; both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by Protein Hydrolysis during Putrefaction of animal tissue In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this [1][2] The two compounds are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Halitosis, oral malodor, breath odor mouth odor foul breath fetor oris fetor ex ore or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant Bacterial vaginosis (BV is the most common cause of vaginal infection ( Vaginitis) They are also found in semen and some microalgae, together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine. Physiological aspects Internal and external fertilization Depending on the Species, spermatozoa can fertilize Spermine is a Polyamine involved in Cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells. Spermidine is a Polyamine involved in Cellular metabolism that can be used to stimulate the enzyme T7 RNA polymerase, a type of RNA polymerase
Contents |
History
Putrescine and cadaverine were first described by the Berlin physician Ludwig Brieger in 1885. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
Production and use
Putrescine is produced on industrial scale by hydrogenation of succinonitrile, which is produced by addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile. Hydrogenation is the Chemical reaction that results in addition of Hydrogen (H2 Succinonitrile, also butanedinitrile, is a Nitrile, with the formula of C2H4(CN2 Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN Acrylonitrile is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN Putrescine is reacted with adipic acid to yield the polyamide Nylon-4,6, which is marketed by DSM under the trade name Stanyl. Adipic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: hexanedioic acid) is a di Carboxylic acid. A polyamide is a Polymer containing Monomers of Amides joined by Peptide bonds They can occur both naturally examples being Proteins Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by DSM (in full Koninklijke DSM NV, or Royal DSM NV) is a multinational company specialized in life science and performance materials
Biochemistry
Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. S -Adenosyl methionine (SAM is a Coenzyme involved in Methyl group transfers Spermidine is a Polyamine involved in Cellular metabolism that can be used to stimulate the enzyme T7 RNA polymerase, a type of RNA polymerase Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. S -Adenosyl methionine (SAM is a Coenzyme involved in Methyl group transfers Spermine is a Polyamine involved in Cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells.
Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC participates in the Urea cycle, and in the Metabolism of Glutathione and Amino groups In humans this The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. The polyamines are organic compounds having two or more primary Amino groups - such as Putrescine, Cadaverine, Spermidine, and Spermine
Toxicity
Putrescine is toxic in large doses. In rats it had a fairly low acute oral toxicity of 2000 mg/kg body weight[1].
Cultural references
Putrescine is featured as a non-lethal weapon in the science fiction novel Zodiac, by Neal Stephenson. Zodiac An Eco-Thriller (1988 is Neal Stephenson 's second Novel, which tells the story of an Environmentalist, Sangamon Taylor uncovering Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known primarily for his Science fiction works in the Postcyberpunk genre Its use is also suggested as a practical joke in an episode of Dinosaur Comics. A practical joke or prank is a stunt or trick to purposely make someone feel foolish or victimized usually for humor Dinosaur Comics is a constrained Webcomic by Canadian writer Ryan North.
Notes
- ^ Lewis, Robert Alan (1998). Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology. CRC Press, 212. ISBN 1566702232.
- ^ Kamhi, Ellen, Ph.D., RN, HNC (2007). "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Alternative Medicine Magazine's Definitive Guide to Weight Loss. Celestial Arts, 14. ISBN 1587612593. “Ornithine is converted by bowel bacteria into a toxic substance called putrescine, which in turn degrades into polyamines, such as spermadine, spermine, and cadaverine (literally meaning "the essence of dead cadavers"). ”
References
- "Nitriles". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th Ed. ). Retrieved on 2007-09-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
- DSM Engineering Plastics. Retrieved on 2007-09-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
External links
Dictionary
putrescine
-noun
- A diamine, NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine). It is produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms.
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