| Punk jazz | |
| Stylistic origins | |
|---|---|
| Cultural origins |
mid-1970s United States
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| Typical instruments | |
| Mainstream popularity | Low. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and Improvisation that combines Avant-garde Art music and composition with Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with Speech. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. |
Punk jazz describes the amalgamation of elements of the jazz tradition (usually the free jazz and jazz fusion of the 1960s and '70s) with the instrumentation or conceptual heritage of punk rock (typically the more experimental and dissonant strains, such as no wave, hardcore, thrashcore, and metalcore). For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Thrashcore (also known as fastcore) is a fast tempo subgenre of Hardcore punk that emerged in the early 1980s Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres
Contents |
1960s
The stylistic origins of punk rock are bound up with the reception of developments in jazz. The Velvet Underground, the Stooges, and the MC5, accepted as the roots of punk by experts such as Legs McNeil and Clinton Heylin, were all vocal in their fascination with, and at times direct sonic debt to, jazz, and specifically the free jazz movement that began in the late 1950s [1]. This article is about the band For their self-titled album see The Velvet Underground (album; for the book see The Velvet Underground (book The Stooges are an American rock band that was active from 1967 to 1974 then reformed in 2003 The MC5 ( Motor City Five) was an American Hard rock band formed in Lincoln Park Michigan in 1964 and active until Roderick Edward "Legs" McNeil (b 1956 in Cheshire Connecticut) is the co-founder and a writer for Punk Magazine. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. By the 1960s, avant-garde jazz musicians such as Albert Ayler, Archie Shepp, Roscoe Mitchell, Sonny Sharrock, and Peter Brötzmann were exploring much of the aggression, political themes, and DIY distribution efforts that would later become characteristic of punk rock. Albert Ayler ( July 13, 1936 – November 1970 was an American avant-garde Jazz saxophonist, singer and Composer. Archie Shepp (born May 24, 1937) is a prominent American Jazz Saxophonist. Roscoe Mitchell (b August 3, 1940 in Chicago Illinois) is an African American Composer, Jazz instrumentalist Warren Harding "Sonny" Sharrock ( August 27 1940 &ndash May 25 1994) was an American Jazz Guitarist Peter Brötzmann (born 6 March 1941) is a German Free jazz Saxophonist and Clarinetist.
Frank Zappa's work is also foundational for much punk jazz. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director
1970s
As punk rock was cemented as a style, it appeared to be in direct opposition with any "jazziness", and particularly the jazz fusion that had become intertwined with progressive rock. Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved The emphasis on amateurism, speed, and brevity seemed to declare jazz elements anathema. Other developments in the jazz of the 1970s seemed equally far from the punk ethos, as ECM began to produce a calming, elegant, and refined variety of jazz at the antipodes of punk values. The exceptions to this stylistic divorce were Patti Smith, who (unsuccessfully) sought out collaboration with Ornette Coleman, and Television, who also developed a sinuous, improvisatory strain of punk, indebted to jazz. Patricia Lee Smith ( born December 30 1946 is an American Singer-songwriter and poet Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Lol Coxhill also recorded with the Damned. Lowen Coxhill, generally known as Lol Coxhill (born September 19, 1932, in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England) is a free The Damned are an English band formed in London in 1976 notable for being the first Punk rock band from England to release a single (" New Rose " an
1980s
The relaxation of orthodoxy concurrent with post-punk in London and New York City led to a new appreciation for jazz. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s In London, the Pop Group began to mix free jazz, along with dub reggae, into their brand of punk rock. The Pop Group was a Post-punk band from Bristol, England whose uncompromising dissonant sound spanned punk, Free jazz, In NYC, No Wave took direct inspiration from both free jazz and punk. No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings Examples of this style include Lydia Lunch's Queen of Siam, the work of James Chance and the Contortions, who mixed soul with free jazz and punk[2], and the Lounge Lizards, who were the first group to call themselves "punk jazz". Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Koch on June 2, 1959 in Rochester New York) is an American Singer, Poet, One of the original Punk jazz groups of the New York No Wave scene the Contortions were led by saxophonist James Chance, aka James White The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. The Lounge Lizards are a Jazz group formed in 1978 by Saxophone player John Lurie; they should not be confused with country Satire Bill Laswell would become an important figure in punk jazz (in addition to his significance to dance-punk, dub and many other genres). Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Laswell's group Material mixed funk-jazz with punk, while another of his groups, Massacre, added an improvisational quality to aggressive rock music. Material is a musical group formed in 1979 and led by Bass guitarist Bill Laswell. Massacre was an improvising and Experimental rock band from New York City, formed in 1980 by guitarist Fred Frith, bassist Bill Laswell Laswell would go on to take part in Last Exit and Pain Killer. This article is about the free jazz band Last Exit For the Newcastle band and other uses see the disambiguation page Last Exit. Painkiller (also officially known as Pain Killer) is a band originally formed in 1991 James Blood Ulmer, who applied Coleman's harmolodic style to guitar, also sought out links to No Wave. James "Blood" Ulmer (born 2 February 1942 in St Matthews South Carolina) is an American Jazz and blues Harmolodics is the musical philosophy of Jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman and is therefore associated primarily with the jazz Avant-garde and No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings These developments led the L. A. hardcore punk group Fear to taunt the scene with the song "New York's Alright (If You Like Saxophones)". Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Fear is an Emotional response to Threats and Danger. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring in response to a specific Stimulus, such as
Ironically, hardcore punk itself also took shape under the influence of jazz. Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Bad Brains, widely acknowledged to have established the rudiments of the hardcore style, began by attempting jazz fusion. Bad Brains are an American Hardcore punk band formed in Washington D Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Greg Ginn of Black Flag also began to incorporate elements of free jazz into his guitar playing. Gregory Regis Ginn (born June 8, 1954) is a Guitarist, Songwriter and singer Henry Rollins has praised free jazz, releasing albums by Matthew Shipp on his 2. Henry Rollins (born February 13 1961 as Henry Lawrence Garfield) is an American singer-songwriter Spoken word Artist, Stand-up comedian, author Matthew Shipp (born December 7, 1960) is an American Pianist, composer and bandleader 13. 61 label and collaborating with Charles Gayle. Charles Gayle (born February 28, 1939) is a Free jazz saxophonist, pianist, Bass clarinetist and percussionist
Dutch anarcho-punk group the Ex also incorporated elements of free jazz and particularly European free improvisation, eventually collaborating with Han Bennink. Anarcho-punk is a faction of the Punk subculture that consists of bands groups and individuals promoting anarchist politics The Ex is an anarchist band from the Netherlands. They formed in 1979 at the height of the original punk explosion and have released more than Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s involved in many cases the musicians make Han Bennink (born April 17, 1942) is a Dutch Jazz Drummer, Percussionist.
Greek-American singer Diamanda Galás also approached jazz tradition from a thematically and stylistically transgressive perspective. Diamanda Galás (born August 29, 1955) is an American-born Avant-garde Performance artist, Vocalist, keyboardist and Composer Her album The Singer is a prototypical example of punk jazz applied to vocals and piano performance. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds bassist Barry Adamson recorded the album Moss Side Story, which also applies a punk and noise rock perspective to the orchestral jazz tradition, with Galás guesting on one track. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds are an Australian rock band with multinational personnel fronted by Nick Cave. Barry Adamson (born 1 June 1958) is an English Rock musician who has worked with rock bands such as Magazine Noise rock (also known as noise punk) describes one variety of Post-punk Rock music that became prominent in the 1980s Diamanda Galás (born August 29, 1955) is an American-born Avant-garde Performance artist, Vocalist, keyboardist and Composer
Jazzcore
John Zorn began to make note of the emphasis on speed and dissonance that was becoming prevalent in punk rock and incorporated this into free jazz. John Zorn (born September 2 1953 in Queens, New York City) is an American Avant-garde Composer, arranger, Record This began in 1986 with the album Spy vs. Spy, a collection of Ornette Coleman tunes done in the contemporary thrashcore style. Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist Violinist Trumpeter and Composer. Thrashcore (also known as fastcore) is a fast tempo subgenre of Hardcore punk that emerged in the early 1980s The same year, Sonny Sharrock, Peter Brötzmann, Bill Laswell, and Ronald Shannon Jackson recorded the first album under the name Last Exit, a similarly aggressive blend of thrash and free jazz. Warren Harding "Sonny" Sharrock ( August 27 1940 &ndash May 25 1994) was an American Jazz Guitarist Peter Brötzmann (born 6 March 1941) is a German Free jazz Saxophonist and Clarinetist. Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Ronald Shannon Jackson (born January 12, 1940) is an American Jazz Drummer. This article is about the free jazz band Last Exit For the Newcastle band and other uses see the disambiguation page Last Exit.
These developments are the origins of jazzcore, the fusion of free jazz with hardcore punk. Groups like Nomeansno, Massacre, and Naked City laid the foundations for what would later be described as math rock. Nomeansno is a punk rock music group originally from Victoria British Columbia, Canada and now located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Massacre was an improvising and Experimental rock band from New York City, formed in 1980 by guitarist Fred Frith, bassist Bill Laswell Naked City was an Avant-garde music group led by saxophonist and composer John Zorn. Math rock is a rhythmically complex guitar-based style of experimental rock music that emerged in the late 1980s
1990s
In 1989, Zorn formed Naked City with Bill Frisell, Wayne Horvitz, Fred Frith, Joey Baron and Yamatsuka Eye. Naked City was an Avant-garde music group led by saxophonist and composer John Zorn. William Richard "Bill" Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American Guitarist and Composer. Wayne Horvitz (born 1955 is a Composer, Keyboardist and producer Fred Frith (born February 17, 1949) is an English Multi-instrumentalist, Composer and improvisor. Joey Baron (born June 26 1955 in Richmond Virginia) is an American avant-garde jazz drummer probably best known for his work with real name, born 1964 in Kobe) is a Japanese vocalist and visual artist best known as a member of Boredoms. Taking inspiration from British grindcore and Japanese crust punk on their Torture Garden album, Naked City eventually became too polystylistic to be confined to the "punk jazz" tag. For the fictional character with this name see Grindcore (Transformers. Crust punk (sometimes simply crust) is one of the evolutions of Anarcho-punk and Hardcore punk, mixed with distorted Extreme metal guitar In 1991, Zorn also worked with former Napalm Death guitarist and drummer Justin Broadrick and Mick Harris, respectively, and Bill Laswell, in the group Pain Killer. Napalm Death are Justin Broadrick (born on 15 August 1969 in Birmingham England) is a British singer songwriter guitarist and drummer Michael John Harris (commonly known and credited as Mick Harris or occasionally M Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Painkiller (also officially known as Pain Killer) is a band originally formed in 1991
The Japanese group Ground Zero, formed by Otomo Yoshihide, pursued a similar, though even noisier and less accessible, variety of thrash-jazz. Ground Zero was an improvised experimental Noise rock band during the 1990s led by Otomo Yoshihide that had a large and rotating group of performers is a Japanese Composer and Multi-instrumentalist. He first came to international prominence in the 1980s as the leader of the Noise rock group Mike Patton's group Mr. Bungle also began performing around this time, and also worked with John Zorn. Michael Allan Patton (born January 27 1968) is an American singer Songwriter, Composer, multi-instrumentalist and Video Mr Bungle was an Experimental rock / Avant-garde metal group from Northern California.
At this point, punk jazz and jazzcore began to reflect the increasing awareness of elements of extreme metal (particularly thrash metal and death metal) in hardcore punk. Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s Thrash metal (sometimes referred to simply as thrash) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal that is characterized by its fast tempo and aggression Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics Hardcore in the '90s began to reform itself as what's now known as metalcore. Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres A new style of metallic jazzcore was developed by Iceburn, from Salt Lake City, and Candiria, from New York City, though anticipated by Naked City and Pain Killer. Iceburn was a Musical group formed in 1991 in Salt Lake City Utah, U Candiria is a band from Brooklyn New York. They blend various styles of music including hardcore/metal (often in a technical manner Jazz (often Naked City was an Avant-garde music group led by saxophonist and composer John Zorn. This tendency also takes inspiration from jazz inflections in technical death metal, such as the work of Cynic and Atheist. Technical death metal (also called tech death for short or also can be known as Progressive death metal) is a term used to describe bands in the subgenre Death Cynic is a Progressive metal band with incorporated Jazz fusion founded in Miami, Florida, United States. Atheist are a Technical death metal band from Florida, founded in 1984 whose music combined brutal riffs with subtle Latin music arrangements and
Candiria recorded their first album in 1995. Candiria is a band from Brooklyn New York. They blend various styles of music including hardcore/metal (often in a technical manner Jazz (often While aware of Zorn's work, Candiria came from a different angle, combining NYHC metalcore with jazz fusion and East Coast hip-hop elements. New York Hardcore ( NYHC) refers to Hardcore punk and Metalcore music created in New York City and to the Subculture associated with Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly East Coast hip hop is the original style of Hip hop music that originated in New York City, USA, during the early-1970s Members of Candiria also formed an ambient/psychedelic jazz side-project in Ghosts of the Canal. The metallic jazzcore groups took greater inspiration from 1970s jazz fusion, in addition to or instead of earlier free jazz. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation.
2000s
Yakuza, from Chicago, are comparable to Candiria, combining contemporary metalcore with free jazz and psychedelia. Yakuza is a Avant-garde metal band formed in Chicago in 1999 History Yakuza was formed in 1999 by the Chicago quartet of instrumentalists Jim Candiria is a band from Brooklyn New York. They blend various styles of music including hardcore/metal (often in a technical manner Jazz (often
Other examples of punk jazz include Zu, the Flying Luttenbachers, Deep Turtle, and Phantom Tollbooth. The Zu are an Italian Punk jazz trio from Rome. Biography Zu formed in Rome in 1997 where they began as composers and players The Flying Luttenbachers were an instrumental unit led by Multi-instrumentalist / Composer / producer Weasel Walter. Deep Turtle was a Finnish band active during years 1990 – 1996, 2002 – 2003. Phantom Tollbooth was a Post punk band from New York City. Purveyors of psychedelic/ jazzcore damage PT played from 1984 to 1988 releasing albums on
Bibliography
Byrne, David, et. al. (2008). New York Noise: Art and Music from the New York Underground 1978-88. Soul Jazz Records. ISBN-10: 0955481708.
Hegarty, Paul (2007). Noise/Music: A History. Continuum International. ISBN-10: 0826417272
Heylin, Clinton (1993). From the Velvets to the Voidoids: The Birth of American Punk Rock. ISBN-10: 1556525753
McNeil, Legs and Gillian McCain (1997). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN-10: 0802142648
Masters, Marc (2008). No Wave. Black Dog Publishing. ISBN-10: 190615502X
Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN-10: 193259504X
Reynolds, Simon (2006). Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978-1984. Penguin. ISBN-10: 0143036726
Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Zonda Books. ISBN-10: 0958268401
Zorn, John, ed. (2000). Arcana: Musicians on Music. Granary Books. ISBN-10: 188712327X
References
1. "Free Jazz/Punk Rock"
2. "The Real Godfathers of Punk"
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