?Pune Maharashtra • India
Nickname: Queen of Deccan
Shaniwarwada - Palace of Peshwa's of Maratha Empire
Pune
Coordinates: 18°32′N 73°51′E / 18.53, 73.85
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	1,359 km² (525 sq mi) • 560 m (1,837 ft)
District(s)	Pune
Subdistrict	Haveli taluka
Population • Density	5,469,700 (2008) • 7,214 /km² (18,684 /sq mi)
Mayor	Rajlakshmi Bhosale
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 411 0xx • +91(20) • MH 12 (Pune),MH 14 (Pimpri-Chinchwad)

Coordinates: 18°32′N 73°51′E / 18.53, 73.85

Pune (pronounced /ˈpuːneɪ/, Marathi: पुणे) is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra in western India, around 160 kilometers south-east of the state capital, Mumbai. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau, at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha river^[1], it is the administrative capital of Pune district and the eighth most populous metropolitan area in India^[2]. The Mutha is a river in western Maharashtra, India.It arises in the western ghats and flows eastward until in merges with the Mula River in the city of Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state of India. Pune city is the district headquarters

Pune has existed as a town since at least 937. Events By Place Europe Battle of Brunanburh: King Athelstan of England defeats the Viking king of Chatrapati Shivaji spend his early years in this city. Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle ( Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले (Born February He and his associates initiated lot of development activities in the city, as a result Pune became one of richest, culturally developed city on 'Maharastrian Deccan plateau' and this status is unchanged even today. After 1730, Pune rose to national level as a power center due to Peshwe – the prime ministers of Maratha Empire reporting to their master,Chatrapati of Satara. The Peshwa ( Marathi:पेशवा plural Peshwe, Marathi:पेशवे were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha The Maratha Empire ( Marathi: मराठा साम्राज्य Marāṭhā Sāmrājya; also transliterated Mahratta Chhatrapati (also Chatrapati) is an honorific or an imperial title for an Indian ruler For the Moth Genus, see Satara (moth. Satara (Marathiसातारा is a Town located in the After the town was brought under the control of British India in 1817, it erved as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant In independent India, Pune is known for its educational facilities, having more than a hundred educational institutes and nine universities^[3]. It also boasts a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles

Contents 1 Name 2 History 2.1 Early and Medieval 2.2 Maratha and Peshwa rule 2.3 British Raj 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Transport 5.1 Road 5.2 Rail 5.3 Air 6 Civic Administration 7 Military establishments 8 Demographics 9 Economy 10 Education and Research 10.1 Basic and Special Education 10.2 University Education 10.3 Research Institutes 10.4 Education Institutes Dedicated to the Defence Forces 11 Culture 11.1 Ganapati (Ganesha) Festival 11.2 Religion 11.2.1 Spirituality 11.3 Sawai Gandharva Music Festival 11.4 Literature and Theatre 11.5 Historical and architectural Attractions 11.6 Museums, Parks and Zoos 11.7 Food 11.8 Entertainment 12 Neighborhoods 13 Media and Communication 14 Sports and Recreation 15 Sister cities 16 References 17 External links

Name

The name Pune derives from Punya Nagari (Sanskrit, "City of Virtue"). Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The oldest reference to this name is on a Rashtrakuta copper plate dated to 937, in which the town is referred to as as Punya-Vishaya or Punak Vishaya^[4]. The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal Events By Place Europe Battle of Brunanburh: King Athelstan of England defeats the Viking king of By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or Punavadi. Although the city's name is sometimes transcribed as Poona in English, a practise particularly common during the British Raj, the spelling "Pune" has now become standard. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

History

Early and Medieval

Copper plates dated to 758 and 768 show that, by the 8th century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed where Pune is today. The Pataleshwar Cave Temple ( also called Panchaleshvara or Bamburde) is a rock-cut cave temple carved out in the 8th century in the Rashtrakuta The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal Events By Place Asia Emperor Junnin succeeds Empress Kōken on the throne of Japan. Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short ( 714 — 768 king of the Franks since 751, dies he is succeeded The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakutas. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was also built during this era. The Pataleshwar Cave Temple ( also called Panchaleshvara or Bamburde) is a rock-cut cave temple carved out in the 8th century in the Rashtrakuta

Pune was a part of Yadava Empire of Deogiri from the 9th century to 1327. Name of the dynasty The Seuna dynasty claimed descent from the Yadavas and are often referred to as the "Yadavas of Devagiri" Fort of Devagiri The area of the city includes the hill-fortress of Devagiri ( Marathi देवगिरी (sometimes Latinised to Deogiri It was later ruled by the Nizamshahi sultans, until it was annexed by the Mughal empire in the 17th century. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most In 1595, Maloji Bhosale was appointed the jahagirdar of Pune and Supe by the Mughals^[4].

Maratha and Peshwa rule

In 1625, Shahaji Bhonsle appointed Rango Bapuji Dhadphale as the administrator of Pune. Sinhagad or Sinhgad ( Devanagari, Marathi सिंहगड meaning Lion Fort, is located near the city of Pune, India, situated Shahaji Bhosale (Kannadaಶಾಹಜಿ ಭೊಂಸಲೆ was the eldest son of Maolji Bhosale of Verul (present-day Ellora, Maharashtra) He was one of the first major developers of the town, overseeing the construction of the Kasba, Somwar, Ravivar and Shaniwar Peths. Astrid Peth is a Fictional character played by Kylie Minogue in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Construction also began on the Lal Mahal palace, as Shahaji's son, Shivaji Bhonsle (later Chattrapati Shivaji) was to move there with his mother Jijabai. Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle ( Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले (Born February Jijabai ( Kannada ಜೀಜಾಬಾಯಿ) was the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. The Lal Mahal was completed in 1640^[4]. Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of the Kasba Ganapati temple herself. The Kasba Ganapati refers to both a particular idol of the god Ganapati in Pune, India, as well as The Ganapati idol consecrated at this temple is regarded as the presiding deity (gramadevata) of the city^[5]. Ganesha ( Sanskrit: sa गणेश Gaṇeśa) also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar A gramadevata is a Sanskrit term for the presiding Deity in Hindu Villages Towns and Cities.

From 1630 to 1647, Dadoji Kondev, Shivaji's childhood mentor and teacher, oversaw development and construction in the area. Dadoji Konddeo (दादोजी कोंडदेव (also known as Dadaji Konddev and Dadoji Kondadev) was a 16th century Martial arts expert from As a child, Shivaji is said to have commemorated agricultural activities personally by using specially made golden ploughs. After Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati (King) in 1649, he oversaw further development in Pune, including the construction of the Guruwar, Somwar, Ganesh and Ghorpade Peths. Chhatrapati (also Chatrapati) is an honorific or an imperial title for an Indian ruler

Baji Rao I became Peshwa of the Maratha empire, ruled by Chattrapati Shahuji, in 1720. Shrimant Baji Rao Balaji Bhat ( August 18[[ 699]]- April 25 1740) also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa Shrimant Shahu Sambhaji Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1682-1749 was the fourth ruler of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather Chhatrapati Shivaji, and Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting By 1730, the palace of Shaniwarwada had been constructed on the banks of the Mutha river, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Shaniwarwada ( Marathi: शनिवारवाडा is a Palace Fort in the city of Pune in western Maharashtra, India The patronage of the Peshwas resulted in the construction of many temples and bridges in the city, including the Parvati temple and the Sadashiv, Narayan, Rasta and Nana Peths. The Peshwas fell into decline after their loss in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. The Third Battle of Panipat took place on January 14, 1761 at Panipat (Haryana State India) situated at about 80 miles (130 km north Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In 1802, Pune was captured from the Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona, directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-05. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Yashwantrao Holkar ( Hindi / Marathi: यशवन्तराव होल्कर Bahadur Maharaja of Indore was born in The Battle of Poona took place on 25 October 1802 near Pune between the rival factions of the Maratha Confederacy. The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 - 1805 was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or

British Raj

The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British in 1817. The Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then transcribed Kirkee) near Pune, and the city was seized. The Battle of Khadki (previously transcibed as the Battle of Kirkee) took place at Khadki on November 5, 1817 between the forces of the It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency, and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army). The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based The Pune Municipality was established in 1858. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Pune was at one time the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency.

Nanasaheb Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Bajirao II, rose against British East India Company rule in 1856, as part of the Indian Mutiny. Nanasaheb Peshwa, also known as Balaji Bajirao, (born 1720 or 1721 - Died 1761 was the son of Bajirao from his marriage with Kashibai and one of the Peshwas Baji Rao II, also known as palputta Bajirao (1775 – 1851 was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, and governed from 1796 to 1818 Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, He was helped by Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Tatya Tope. Lakshmibai The Rani of Jhansi (c 1828 – 17 June 1858) ( Hindi - झाँसी की रानी Marathi Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. Ram Chandra Pandurang Tope (1814 - 1859 also known as Tatya Tope (pronounced Toh-pey was an Indian leader in the Indian Mutiny of 1857. After the mutiny failed, the final remnants of the Maratha empire were annexed to British India.

During the struggle for Indian independence, Pune was an important center for the social and religious reform movements that were sweeping the country. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Many prominent reformers lived here, including Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Jyotirao Phule. Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade ( 16 January 1842 – 16 January 1901) was an Indian Judge, Author, and Reformer Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, also spelt Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, and known as R Gopal Krishna Gokhale, CIE ( गोपाल कृष्‍ण गोखले) ( May 9, 1866 - February 19, 1915) was one of Jyotirao Govindrao Phule ( Marathi:ज्योतिराव गोविंदराव फुले ( April 11, 1827 &mdash November 28, The most important political reformer of this era was Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who dominated the Indian political scene for six decades. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (बाळ गंगाधर टिळक ( July 23 1856 - August 1 1920) was an Indian nationalist

Geography

Pune is located 560m (1,837 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. The Mutha is a river in western Maharashtra, India.It arises in the western ghats and flows eastward until in merges with the Mula River in the city of It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range (the Western Ghats), which separate it from the Arabian sea. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest hill, Vetal Hill, rising to 800m (2,625 ft) above sea level. Location Pune City is surrounded by many hills including Katraj hill Panchgao- Parvati Ramtekdi Gultekdi Range Hills Dive Ghat Just outside the city, the Sinhagad fort is located at a height of 1300m. Sinhagad or Sinhgad ( Devanagari, Marathi सिंहगड meaning Lion Fort, is located near the city of Pune, India, situated

Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Mutha is a river in western Maharashtra, India.It arises in the western ghats and flows eastward until in merges with the Mula River in the city of The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of the metropolitan Pune. The Bhima River originates in Bhimashankar hills near Karjat on the western side of Western Ghats, known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra state in

Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam, about 100 km south of the city, and has been rated in Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes) by the India Meteorological Department. Statistics Storage Gross storage 105 TMC Length 1807225 m Height 85 The Indian subcontinent had a long history of devastating Earthquakes The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that India continues to drive into Pune has experienced some moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3. 2 took place in the Katraj region near Pune on May 17, 2004^[6]. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Climate

Climate chart for Pune
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
0   28 12	0   30 13	0   34 17	1   36 21	30   35 23	120   30 22	170   27 22	100   26 22	120   28 21	80   30 19	20   28 15	0   27 12
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm source: Weather Base
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0   82 54     0   86 55     0   93 63     0   97 70     1. 2   95 73     4. 7   86 72     6. 7   81 72     3. 9   79 72     4. 7   82 70     3. 1   86 66     0. 8   82 59     0   81 54 temperatures in °F • precipitation totals in inches

Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate with average temperatures ranging between 20°C to 28°C.

Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (85 to 100 °F). The warmest month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was 43. 3°C on April 30, 1897^[7]. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C (50°F to 82°F). Most of the 722mm of rainfall in the city fall between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Pune once received rainfall on 29 consecutive days.

Winter begins in November; November in particular is known as the Rosy Cold (Marathi: गुलाबी थंडी). Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. The daytime temperature hovers around 28 °C (83 °F) while night temperature is below 10 °C (50 °F) for most of December and January, often dropping to 5 or 6 °C (42 °F). The lowest temperature ever located was 1. 7 °C on January 17, 1935^[8]. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Transport

Pune relies largely on roads for transport within the city, although a mass rapid transport system is being planned. It is well connected to all the other cities in India by road, rail and airline connections. Although it has an international airport, there are only two direct international flights, to Dubai and Frankfurt. Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE

Road

See also: Roads of Pune

Both public transport (autorickshaws and buses) and private transport (cars, motorcycles and scooters) are popular in Pune. Pune is located in the West of India in the state of Maharashtra and is roughly 160 km east of Mumbai. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief According to one study, there were then 400,000 cars and 1. 6 million two-wheelers in Pune in 2007. More than 200,000 vehicles are added to the traffic in Pune every year.

Public buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML). The PMT, or Pune Municipal Transport, also known as Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd or PMPML, is the public transport service provider for the city A Pune Bus Rapid Transit system has been proposed, in which dedicated bus lanes would allow buses to travel quickly through the city. The city of Pune in India is the first to experiment with a Bus Rapid Transit system Buses to towns within Pune district surrounding Pune, as well as cities throughout Maharashtra are run by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation. Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state of India. Pune city is the district headquarters Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Maharashtra State Road Transport Private bus companies also run buses to major cities throughout India, especially Mumbai.

Pune is well-connected to other cities by Indian highways and state highways. National Highway 4 (NH 4) connects it to Mumbai and Bangalore, NH 9 to Solapur and Hyderabad, and NH 50 to Nashik. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Solapur is a city and a Municipal corporation in south eastern Maharashtra, India http//wwwmapsofindiacom/maps/maharashtra/roads/nashik_roadjpg Nashik (नाशिक State highways connect it to Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, and Alandi. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ahmednagar (Marathi/Hindi अहमदनगर Urdu عحمدناگار is a city of Ahmednagar District WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Alandi is a city and a Municipal council in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra

Since 2002, Pune has been connected to Mumbai via the Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first six-lane high-speed expressway. The Mumbai Pune Expressway ( Marathi: मुंबई-पुणे द्रुतगती महामार्ग is India's first six-lane concrete high-speed access Both pre-paid air-conditioned "cool" cabs and private bus companies ply this route, connecting Mumbai and Pune in three hours.

Rail

A rapid transit system has been proposed in Pune, and is scheduled to begin operations in 2010^[9]. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway It is being planned in consultation with Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited, the corporation which built and operates the Delhi Metro. The Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System ( MRTS) or Delhi Metro (दिल्ली मेट्रो is a Rapid transit system in the Indian National The Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System ( MRTS) or Delhi Metro (दिल्ली मेट्रो is a Rapid transit system in the Indian National Three routes have been identified thus far:

• Warje-Chinchwad, via Karve road, Jangli Maharaj road, Shivajinagar, and the Pune-Mumbai road (22 km, elevated)
• Shivajinagar-Kalyaninagar, via Raja Bahadur Mill road and the Pune-Ahmednagar road (13 km, elevated)
• Agriculture College-Swargate, via Shivaji road (10 km, underground)

The city has two railway stations, Pune and Shivajinagar. Local trains connect Pune to the industrial town of Pimpri-Chinchwad and the hill station of Lonavala, while daily express trains connect Pune to Mumbai. Pimpri-Chinchwad ( Marathi: पिंपरी-चिंचवड is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Lonavla or Lonavala ( Marathi: लोणावळा is a Hill station in Pune station is part of the Central Railways, and is connected to cities throughout India. The Central Railway is one of the largest of the 16 zones of Indian Railways.

Air

Pune Airport is an international airport at Lohegaon, operated by the Airports Authority of India. The Airports Authority of India (AAI is an organization working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation that manages all the Airports in India It shares its runways with the neighbouring Indian Air Force base. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the Apart from domestic flights throughout India, Pune Airport has a direct flight to Dubai operated by Air India, and will soon have a direct flight to Frankfurt operated by Lufthansa. Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services

The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is responsible for the design and construction of a new Pune International Airport. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC is a project of the Government of Maharashta State in India, and is the leading corporation of Maharashtra The area between Chakan and Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli, is currently being considered as a construction site. If constructed here, it will be 40 km from central Pune along the Pune-Nashik National highway (NH-50).

Civic Administration

The city of Pune is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC was established on 15th February 1950 The Corporation consists of 149 directly elected councillors^[10], who are lead by the Mayor of Pune, a titular position mainly acting as an ambassador and representative of the city. Direct election is a term describing a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person persons or political party that they desire to Actual executive power is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service who is appointed by the Maharashtra state government. The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS) is the administrative Civil service of the Indian government.

Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active within the Pune metropolitan area:

• responsible for Pimpri-Chinchwad,
• Khadki Cantonment Board (KCB), responsible for Khadki,
• Pune Cantonment Board (PCB), responsible for Pune Cantonment, and
• Dehu Road Cantonment Board, responsible for the Dehu Road area. Pimpri-Chinchwad ( Marathi: पिंपरी-चिंचवड is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra There is also an Andean instrument called the Kirki. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khadki is a town in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dehu Road is a Cantonment town in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra,

The Pune Police is headed by the Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the Indian Police Service. Indian police redirects here For other uses see Indian police (disambiguation. The Police report to the state ministry.

Military establishments

Pune has been a prominent cantonment town since the early 1800s. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a Several important battles were fought in and around Pune, including the battle of Khadki (1817) and the battle of Koregaon (1818). The Battle of Khadki (previously transcibed as the Battle of Kirkee) took place at Khadki on November 5, 1817 between the forces of the Many military establishments have been set up here, including:

• The headquarters of the Indian Army's Southern Command^[11]. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based
• College of Military Engineering and the Bombay Engineering Group, where the sappers of the Indian Army are trained. College of Military Engineering (abbr CME is an army base in Pune The Bombay Engineer Group, or the Bombay Sappers as they are informally known are a regiment of the Corps of Engineers of the Indian Army. A sapper is an individual engineer soldier usually in British or Commonwealth military service
• The National Defence Academy (NDA) at Khadakwasla, the joint services academy where Army, Navy and Air Force cadets are trained together before they go for their pre-commission training to their respective academies. The National Defence Academy of India located in Khadakwasla, Pune, is a joint services academy where cadets of the three wings Army Navy Khadakwasla is a small calm and quiet place which is situated 20 km from Pune
• The Armed Forces Medical College trains doctors and nurses for the three services.
• Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (previously the Institute of Armament Technology)
• Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
• Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE)
• Army Institute of Physical Training (AIPT) and Army Sports Institute
• Ordnance factories - Ammunition Factory (AFK) and High Explosive Factory (HEF), located at Khadki. The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (previously the Institute of Armament Technology) is a Deemed University in Girinagar Pune, India The Defence Research and Development Organisation ( DRDO) ( Hindi: रक्षा अनुसंधान एवं विकास संघठन, Armament Research & Development Establishment ( ARDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO There is also an Andean instrument called the Kirki. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khadki is a town in the Indian state

An old war memorial is located opposite Sassoon Hospital. Sassoon General Hospital is a large state-run hospital in Pune, India with over 1500 beds A new war memorial, the National War Memorial (Maharashtra) is located in Pune Cantonment near Ghorpuri. This memorial commemorates the sacrifice of Maharashtrian soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces who lost their lives in the conflicts fought by independent India.

Demographics

The population of Pune and its surrounding urban agglomeration have an estimated population of just over 5 million, ^[12]. This includes the towns of Khadki, Pimpri-Chinchwad and Dehu Road. There is also an Andean instrument called the Kirki. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khadki is a town in the Indian state Pimpri-Chinchwad ( Marathi: पिंपरी-चिंचवड is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra Growth in the software and education sectors has led to an influx of skilled labour from across India. The migrating population rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005^[13]. Around 45% of Pune population is between 15 and 30 years of age.

Marathi is the official and the most widely spoken language, while English is understood and spoken widely. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. The dialect of Marathi spoken in Pune has been suggested to be the "standard" form of the language^[14]. Pune has a large number of white-collar professionals thanks to large no. White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to of education, research and training institute spread in the city. .

The city is home to sizeable religious minorities including Parsis, Jews, Sikhs, Christians and Muslims. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

Economy

As one of the largest cities in India, and as a result of its many colleges and universities, Pune is emerging as a prominent location for IT and manufacturing companies to expand to. Infosys Technologies Limited () is a multinational Information technology services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. T-Systems is a worldwide operating ICT provider founded in October 2000 Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support

The automotive sector is particularly prominent. All sectors of the automotive industry are represented, from two-wheelers and autorickshaws (Bajaj Auto, Kinetic Motor Company) to cars (Tata Motors, Daimler-Chrysler) to tempos and trucks (Force Motors). An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief Bajaj Auto is a major Indian Automobile manufacturer It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker Kinetic Motor Company is part of the Kinetic Group one of the most established business houses in India, well-known for its pioneering activities in the automotive industry Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO Force Motors Ltd founded in 1958 as Bajaj Tempo Ltd is a manufacturer of Three wheelers multi-utility and cross country vehicles light commercial vehicles Automotive components (TATA Autocomp Systems Limited TACO, Visteon, Continental Corporation, ITW) are also manufactured here. Other automotive companies including General Motors, Volkswagen, and Fiat have set up greenfield facilities near Pune, leading The Independent to cite Pune as India's "Motor City"^[15]. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media.

Engineering goods manufactured in Pune include forges (Bharat Forge) and engines (Cummins). Bharat Forge is the world's second largest Forging company The company is based in Pune, India and has 9 manufacturing plants in India Germany Cummins Inc ( is a corporation of complementary business units that design manufacture distribute and service diesel and Natural gas Engines and related Other major manufacturers include Alfa Laval, Thyssen Krupp and Black & Veatch. Alfa Laval AB is a Swedish company, founded in 1883 by Gustaf de Laval and Oscar Lamm. ThyssenKrupp AG ( is a large German industrial conglomerate, with more than 200000 employees Black & Veatch is a global Engineering, consulting and construction company specializing in infrastructure development in energy water telecommunications management consulting

Other goods are also manufactured in the area. Electronic goods are manufactured by multinational companies such as the Whirlpool Corporation and the LG Group. Whirlpool Corporation ( is a Fortune 500 company and a global manufacturer and marketer of major Home appliances,with annual sales of approximately $18 billion more Food giants like Frito Lay and Coca Cola have food processing plants. For the chips synonymous with the company see Fritos and Lay's. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Many small and medium-sized companies are also active, producing components for larger companies and creating unique components for the Indian marketplace.

Pune has a rapidly growing software industry. Prominent companies include Fiserv, TietoEnator, Amdocs, Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services, Tech Mahindra, Wipro, Cognos, Atos Origin, Oracle Corporation, Sasken, Krawler Networks, Cybage, Cognizant, CrediPoint, Tata Elxsi, Fluent, Xansa, Deere & Company, Patni, Satyam, Cybage, KPIT Cummins, Persistent Systems, Geometric Limited, BladeLogic, Dimakh Consultants, Capgemini, Accenture, BMC Software, NVIDIA, HSBC GLT India, TIBCO, IBM, Dell, Red Hat, Siemens AG, EDS, Amdocs, UGS, i-flex Solutions, Cognizant, Symantec, SunGard Data Systems, Zensar Technologies, Syntel, Fujitsu, T-Systems and the SAS Institute. Fiserv Inc a Fortune 500 company provides information management systems and services to the financial and insurance industries TietoEnator is an international software development company based in Finland. Amdocs is a provider of software and services for Billing, Customer relationship management (CRM Operations support systems (OSS and Web Portal Infosys Technologies Limited () is a multinational Information technology services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. Tata Consultancy Services Limited ( TCS) is an Indian software services and consulting company Tech Mahindra Ltd ( TechM) formerly known as Mahindra British Telecom ( MBT) is a joint venture between Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Wipro Technologies ( is an Information technology service company established in India in 1980 Cognos (formerly Cognos Incorporated is an Ottawa, Ontario based company which makes Business intelligence (BI and performance management Atos Origin SA ( is an international IT Corporation which operates in 40 countries worldwide with over 500000 employees Oracle Corporation ( specializes in developing and marketing Enterprise software products — particularly Database management systems In 2007 Oracle ranked Sasken Communication Technologies Limited (formerly S ilicon A utomation S ystems Inc Krawler Networks is a San Francisco based information technology company founded in 2005 CYBAGE is an offshore software services company based in Pune, India. Tata Elxsi Limited ( NSE: TATAELXSI is a technology company of the Tata Group in India. Xansa plc, trading as Xansa, is a British Outsourcing and technology company and was quoted on the London Stock Exchange until 17th October Deere & Company (usually known by its brand name John Deere) ( is an American Corporation based in Moline Illinois, and the leading manufacturer Satyam Computer Services Ltd is a Consulting and Information technology services company based in Hyderabad, India. CYBAGE is an offshore software services company based in Pune, India. Persistent Systems Limited is a Software Development company based in Pune India Geometric Ltd is a IT services company Geometric was set up as a Division of Godrej and Boyce in 1984-85 BladeLogic Inc was a public software company based in Lexington MA that offered data center automation solutions designed for enterprises service providers and government Capgemini ( is a major French company, one of the world's largest Information technology, Management consulting, Outsourcing Accenture () is a global Management consulting, Technology services, and Outsourcing company BMC Software Inc, is an American enterprise management software provider focusing on IT infrastructure applications The multinational NVIDIA Corporation ( (ɪnˈvɪdiə specializes in the manufacture of graphics-processor technologies for Workstations HSBC Global Technology (GLT is part of the HSBC Group. Headquartered in London, the HSBC Group network is spread across 10000 offices in 82 countries with a customer TIBCO Software Inc is a software company with headquarters in Palo Alto, California. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology The multinational technology company Dell Inc develops manufactures sells and supports Personal computers and other computer-related products In Computing, Red Hat Inc ( is a company dedicated to Free and open source software, and a major Linux distribution vendor Amdocs is a provider of software and services for Billing, Customer relationship management (CRM Operations support systems (OSS and Web Portal i-flex Solutions Limited (Reuters IFLXBO and IFLXNS now known as Oracle Financial Services Software Limited is an IT solution provider to the Banking industry Symantec Corporation, founded in 1982 is an International Corporation which sells Computer Software, particularly in the realms of security SunGard is a Fortune 500 company (ranked 472 as of 2008) based in Wayne Pennsylvania, which provides software and services to education Zensar Technologies is a global Information technology services and business process outsourcer headquartered in Pune India. Syntel Inc (NASDAQ SYNT is a global provider of Information Technology (IT and Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO solutions with global development centers is a Japanese company specializing in Semiconductors Computers ( Supercomputers Personal computers, servers, Telecommunications T-Systems is a worldwide operating ICT provider founded in October 2000 SAS Institute Inc (pronounced "sass" headquartered in Cary, North Carolina, USA, has been a major producer of software since it was founded

Business process outsourcing companies have also seen significant growth here, with companies like Convergys, Infosys BPO, EXL, Wipro BPO, Next, vCustomer and Mphasis setting up operations here. Business process outsourcing ( BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities to a third party with at least Convergys Corporation ( is a multi-national corporation that provides relationship management solutions outsourced customer and HR management solutions consulting and professional services Infosys BPO Limited (formerly Progeon Limited) is the BPO ( Business Process Outsourcing) subsidiary of Infosys Technologies Ltd Wipro Technologies ( is an Information technology service company established in India in 1980

The growing software industry has led to the construction of IT parks to encourage new IT companies. This includes the Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjewadi, the Magarpatta Cybercity, the MIDC Software Technology Park at Talawade, the Marisoft IT Park at Kalyani Nagar, the International Convention Center (ICC), Weikfield IT Park and many others. Hinjewadi or Hinjawadi or Hinjwadi ( Marathi: हिंजवडी was a small village on the NH4 bypass around the City of Pune.

Education and Research

Main article: Education in Pune

Pune was called "the Oxford of the East" by former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, due to the well-known academic and research institutions in the city and its popularity amongst students. See also List of Pune Colleges, Education in India Pune was called "The Oxford of the east" by Jawaharlal Nehru, India 's first Prime Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party The temperate climate of the city is responsible for the green campuses of many colleges, and the prevalent academic mindset amongst Punekars helps nurture research and higher education.

The College of Engineering, Pune, Sir Parshurambhau College and Fergusson College have been located in Pune since the late 1800s. College of Engineering Pune (COEP is an Engineering college in Pune India. Sir Parshurambhau College is a college in the western India region of Maharashtra in Pune City Fergusson College (FC is one of the well known colleges in India and is situated in the western city of Pune. Educational foundations such as the Deccan Education Society, founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Symbiosis Society run several colleges at the undergraduate and graduate level. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (बाळ गंगाधर टिळक ( July 23 1856 - August 1 1920) was an Indian nationalist The Symbiosis Society is a family of 30 educational institutions on 8 campuses in Pune, India. Soon after Indian independence in 1947, the University of Pune, the National Defence Academy and National Chemical Laboratory were established in Pune. The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona) located in northwestern Pune, is one of India 's premier universites The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. In the second half of the 20th century, several other educational and research institutes were established.

Basic and Special Education

Main article: Schools in Pune

Schools in Pune are either run by the PMC, in which case they are called Municipality schools, or privately by trusts and individuals. Jnana Prabodhini Prashala Abhinav Vidyalaya English Medium School Nulstop Karve Road Pune 411004 Private schools have been preferred by a majority of city residents because of better facilities. These schools use either Marathi or English as the medium of instruction. All private schools are affiliated either with the Maharashtra State Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board or the all-India Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and CBSE boards. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ( ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for

Pune is the largest center for Japanese learning in India and the JLPT exams are held in Pune annually (December). The Japanese language training is provided by the University of Pune among others. Other languages like German (Max Muller Bhavan) and French (Alliance Francaise de Poona) are also popular amongst Punekars. Some high schools optionally train students in French, German and Russian from the 8th grade onwards.

University Education

Most colleges in Pune are affiliated to the University of Pune, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of matriculation. The University of Pune (formerly the University of Poona) located in northwestern Pune, is one of India 's premier universites The University of Pune was established in 1948. In addition to the University of Pune, there are 5 Deemed Universities ^[16]: Bharati Vidyapeeth, D. Deemed university is a status of autonomy granted to high performing institutes and departments of various universities in India. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Symbiosis International University and Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth (Sanskrit, Indology, Ayurveda and Social Sciences). The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (previously the Institute of Armament Technology) is a Deemed University in Girinagar Pune, India The Symbiosis Society is a family of 30 educational institutions on 8 campuses in Pune, India. Other universities include Deccan College (Archaeology and Linguistics), the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, the SNDT University for Women and Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth. Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute is a post-graduate institute of Archeology and Linguistics in Pune, India. The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE, commonly known as Gokhale Institute, is one of the oldest research and training institutes in Economics Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University ( SNDT) is a women's university in the city of Mumbai, India.

Main article: List of Pune Colleges

Some prominent colleges include the Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, College of Engineering, Pune(COEP), Fergusson College, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Sir Parshurambhau College. College of Engineering Pune (COEP is an Engineering college in Pune India. Fergusson College (FC is one of the well known colleges in India and is situated in the western city of Pune. Maharashtra Academy of Engineering and Education Research (MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT Pune is an engineering college affiliated to the University Sir Parshurambhau College is a college in the western India region of Maharashtra in Pune City These and many other colleges educate students in the arts, sciences and engineering disciplines. The COEP, established in 1854, is one of the oldest colleges in Asia.

There are several prominent engineering and business management schools located in Pune. They comprise a bulk of the student population of Pune.

See also: List of engineering colleges in Pune and List of business schools in Pune

The Film and Television Institute of India and National Film Archives are also located in Pune on Law College road. Pune has many engineering colleges Some of the notable colleges in Pune include D Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research (SICSR Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS Symbiosis Institute of Telecom Management (SITM Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII) is an autonomous Institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt The National Film Archive of India was established as a media unit of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in February 1964. ILS Law College, established by the Indian Law Society is one of the top 10 law schools in India. The Indian Law Society's Law College, known as ILS Law College is a law school and legal institution based in Pune India. Established medical schools such as the Armed Forces Medical College and Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College train students from all over Maharashtra and India and are amongst the top 10 medical colleges in India. The Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC is a premier medical college in India, which trains high quality doctors BJ Medical College Pune is one of the premier Medical institutions in Maharashtra and India. Military Nursing College affiliated to AFMC ranks among the top colleges in nursing in the world.

Research Institutes

In addition to the University of Pune, Pune is home to diverse research institutions of national importance that supplement higher education. The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. Located adjacent to the university is the National Chemical Laboratory and the Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), while the university campus houses the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics and the National Centre for Cell Science. The National Chemical Laboratory is a government laboratory in Pune, India near Pashan. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing ( C-DAC) is a scientific society of the Department of Information Technology, Government of India. The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA is an autonomous institution set up by the University Grants Commission to promote nucleation and growth of active groups India's National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA located on the Pune University Campus is part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental

The KEM Hospital Research Centre, Central Water and Power Research Station (CW & PRS), National Institute Of Bank Management (NIBM), NIC [National Informatics Centre], the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the Agarkar Research Institute and the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) are located in Pune and conduct fundamental research for the benefit of India's millions. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology or IITM is a scientific institution based in India for expanding research in Monsoon Meteorology The National AIDS Research Institute is in Bhosari, a suburb of Pune.

The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute was established in 1917 and is a world-renowned institute for research and instruction in the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages and houses more than 20,000 ancient manuscripts. The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI is located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Prakrit (also transliterated as Pracrit) ( Sanskrit: prākṛta प्राकृत (from pra-kṛti प्रकृति according to one The National Institute of Virology and National Insurance Academy are located in Pune. The National Insurance Academy ( NIAPUNE also known as NIA or simply Academy is situated in Pune India. Pune also houses a premier industrial research lab Tata Research Development and Design Centre, a research unit of Tata Consultancy Services, working in the areas of computer science and modeling/simulation for materials processing.

Finally, several military and armament research organizations are also located in Pune.

Education Institutes Dedicated to the Defence Forces

Pune is host to several excellent educational institutes specifically dedicated to Defence forces. They include training institutes such as the well-known National Defence Academy (NDA), College of Military Engineering (CME), Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) and Army Institute of Physical Training (AIPT). The National Defence Academy of India located in Khadakwasla, Pune, is a joint services academy where cadets of the three wings Army Navy College of Military Engineering (abbr CME is an army base in Pune The Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (previously the Institute of Armament Technology) is a Deemed University in Girinagar Pune, India Medical students are trained at the Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and at Military Nursing Service (MNS) to serve the armed forces. The Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Research and Development Establishment and Army Institute of Technology (AIT) are also located in Pune. Armament Research & Development Establishment ( ARDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO High Energy Materials Research Laboratory ( HEMRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO Research and Development Establishment (R&DE is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO Army Institute of Technology (AIT is a prestigious undergraduate engineering college located at Dighi Hills in Pune, Maharashtra

Culture

Main article: Culture of Pune

Pune is considered by many to be Maharashtra's cultural capital and the form of Marathi spoken in Pune is considered to be the standard form of the language^[17]. Pune is considered by many to be Maharashtra's cultural capital and the form of Marathi spoken in Pune is considered to be the standard form of the language Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. The culture of Pune encompasses both the traditional Maharashtrian lifestyle that is prevalent in the heart of the city, as well as a modern, progressive outlook resulting from its being a hub for education and liberal thought. Peth is a general term in the Marathi language for a locality in the Indian city of Pune. People from multiple religions and speaking different regional languages reside here. It also hosts various national festivals and cultural events throughout the year.

In recent years it has also been a leader in Trance and Techno movements, alongside Goa and Mumbai. Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Due to a large student population, Pune also hosts many youth festivals such as Verve annually.

Ganapati (Ganesha) Festival

It was in Pune in 1894 that Lokmanya Tilak initiated the concept of the "Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav" — the collective communal celebration of the festival of Lord Ganesha. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (बाळ गंगाधर टिळक ( July 23 1856 - August 1 1920) was an Indian nationalist Ganesha ( Sanskrit: sa गणेश Gaṇeśa) also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar During the month of August or September each year, the city celebrates the Hindu festival of Ganesh Chaturthi. Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha Almost every neighborhood puts up a pandal with an idol of Lord Ganesha, often amidst a mythological setting, complete with decorative lights and festive music. Hindu mythology is the large body of Mythology related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and The 10-day festival culminates in a carnival-like procession along the busy thoroughfares of the city, with every pandal leading the idol on a float to finally immerse (visarjan) it in the local rivers. This is one of the most important yearly events in the city.

During this time, the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation organizes the month-long Pune Festival which hosts classical dance and music recitals, a film and drama festival, automobile rallies and some traditional sports.

Religion

The Chaturshringi goddess is the reigning deity of the city of Pune. The Chaturshringi Temple is a Hindu temple in Pune, in the Maharashtra state of India. A temple dedicated to the goddess is situated on the slopes of a mountain in the northwest part of the city. In the month of September there is a huge procession for the Navaratris and people flock in to visit and receive blessings of the Goddess.

Another famous temple is the Parvati Temple, located on a hill in Pune.

Pune was also home to a considerable population of the Indian Jewish community, the Bene Israel. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Bene Israel ( Hebrew: "Sons of Israel" are a group of Jews who migrated in the nineteenth century from west Maharashtra to the nearby It is home to Asia's largest synagogue (outside Israel), The Ohel David Synagogue (Popularly called Lal Deval - the Red Temple ). A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Close to Pune, near the Malavali hills, is the Vedanta Academy, founded by one of the world's most noted exponents of Vedanta, Swami Parthasarathy. Vedanta ( Devanagari: sa वेदान्त Vedānta) is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the Self-realisation Swami Parthasaraty (ca 1927 –) is a modern exponent of Vedanta. The academy offers free Vedantic education to young seekers from all corners of the world.

The Shrutisagar Ashram, located at Phulgaon village off Ahmednagar road, houses the Vedanta Research Center and a unique temple of Lord Dakshinamurthy situated near the confluence of rivers Bhima, Bhama and Indrayani. Dakshinamurthy or Jnana Dakshinamurti ( Sanskrit: sa दक्षिणामूर्ति ((Dakṣiṇāmūrti is an aspect of Shiva as a Guru (teacher It was established in 1989 by Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed Marathi and English explanations of the great 'Shruti' and 'Smruti' which include Vedas, Bhagwat Gita, Upanishads and Purana. "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The Upanishads ( Devanagari: उपनिषद् IAST: upaniṣad also spelled "Upanisad" are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times"

Radha Kunjbihari temple, situated at the heart of the city is becoming attraction for the thousands of youths across the India. This temple belongs to ISKCON(International Society for Krishna Consciousness).

Spirituality

The spiritual teacher Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) resided and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. "Rajneesh" Chandra Mohan Jain (रजनीश चन्द्र मोहन जैन (December 11 1931 – January 19 1990 also known as Acharya Rajneesh The lush green Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest places dedicated to meditation and personal development, is located in the Koregaon Park area and attracts a great number of national and international visitors to the city ^[18]. Pune is also the birth place of spiritual guru Meher Baba. Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual

Pune has become an important place for Yoga education since world famous legendary Yoga Master B. K. S. Iyengar established his Yoga Institute and where teachers of Yoga from all over the world come for final education. Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar ( Kannada:ಬೆಳ್ಳೂರ್ ಕೃಷ್ಣಮಾಚಾರ್ ಸುಂದರರಾಜ ಐಯಂಗಾರ್ (also known as Yogacharya His books Light on Yoga and Light on Pranayama are translated in 18 languages world wide and considered textbooks of Yoga, while his Iyengar Yoga System is recognized for school education internationally.

Close to Pune are the villages of Alandi and Dehu where the religious saint Sant Dnyaneshwar and poet Sant Tukaram lived during the 13th and 17th centuries respectively. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Alandi is a city and a Municipal council in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dehu is a Census town in Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India Sant Jñāneshwar / Sant Dnyāneshwar (1275-1296 ( ज्ञानेश्वर in Marathi) (also known as Jñanadeva - ज्ञानदेव Tukārām was a prominent Marathi Sant and religious poet in the Hindu tradition in India. Each year thousands of pilgrims from all over Maharashtra gather here and start 'Wari' which is the procession carrying 'palkhi's of Sant Dnyaneshwar and Sant Tukaram to Pandharpur. The litter is a class of Wheelless Vehicles a type of Human-powered transport, for the transport of persons WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pandharpur is an important pilgrimage city on the Bhimā river in Solāpur district, Pandharpur is the home to Lord Vitthal and is about 300 km from Pune. Vithoba ( Marathi: Viṭhobā विठोबा) also known as Vitthala ( Sanskrit: Viṭṭhala विठ्ठल Kannada: Viṭṭala All pilgrims walk this distance to reach Pandharpur on the auspicious day of 'Aashadhi Ekadasshi' when the 'Wari' ends.

Sawai Gandharva Music Festival

In December Pune hosts the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival. The Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav is the most prominent and sought-after Indian classical music festival in India. It is dedicated to the classical forms of music — both Hindustani and Carnatic. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India Many renowned artists perform through 3 consecutive days creating a hype unique to this city. It is one of the most eagerly awaited festivals in the city, and it attracts music lovers from Pune and other parts of Maharashtra and India.

Literature and Theatre

Pune has given birth to or attracted a body of organization for the Marathi literati. Marathi Theatre (Drama नाटक — रंगभूमी ) is an integral part of Marathi culture. Both — Experimental (प्रायोगिक रंगभूमी) and Professional Theatre — receive whole-hearted patronage from the Marathi community. Tilak Smarak Mandir, Bala Gandharva Rangmandir, Bharat Natya Mandir, Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagriha and Sudarshan Rangmanch continue to serve these art forms. The Sudarshan Rangamanch is a theatre organization located in Pune.

Pune have several arts institutes.

Historical and architectural Attractions

Apart from its various temples, other historical attractions in and around Pune include the rock-cut Pataleshwar cave temple, Aga Khan Palace, Shaniwarwada, Lal Mahal, Shinde Chhatri and Sinhagad fort. The Pataleshwar Cave Temple ( also called Panchaleshvara or Bamburde) is a rock-cut cave temple carved out in the 8th century in the Rashtrakuta Aga Khan Palace is situated in the Yerwada area of Pune Sultan Mohammed Shah Aga Khan III had the palace constructed in the year 1892 Shaniwarwada ( Marathi: शनिवारवाडा is a Palace Fort in the city of Pune in western Maharashtra, India Sinhagad or Sinhgad ( Devanagari, Marathi सिंहगड meaning Lion Fort, is located near the city of Pune, India, situated

The city is also known for its British Raj "bungalow architecture" and the Garden Cities Movement layout of the Cantonment in the early Twentieth Century. A bungalow (બંગલો baṅglo, बंगला baṅglā) is a type of single-storey House that originated in India. Christopher Charles Benninger landmark architectural works surround the city, including the Mahindra United World College of India, the Centre for Development Studies and Activities, the YMCA Retreat at Nilshi and the Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies. Christopher Charles Benninger is an Indian architect and planner born in America 1942. The Mahindra United World College of India (MUWCI is one of 12 United World Colleges, located 40 km west of Pune in Maharastra, India. The Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies is one of India 's advanced centres of Marine engineering and Navigation.

Museums, Parks and Zoos

Prominent museums in Pune include the Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Mahatma Phule Museum, Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum, Pune Tribal Museum and the National War Museum. The Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum is in Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Pune has a number of public gardens, such as the Kamala Nehru Park, Sambhaji Park, Shahu Udyan, Peshwe Park, Saras Baug, Empress Garden and Bund Garden. The Pune-Okayama Friendship Garden is located on Sinhagad road, and is also named as Pu La Deshpande Udyan. Sinhagad or Sinhgad ( Devanagari, Marathi सिंहगड meaning Lion Fort, is located near the city of Pune, India, situated Purushottam Laxman Deshpande (पुरुषोत्तम लक्ष्मण देशपांडे (8 November 1918 &ndash 12 June 2000 was a Marathi writer It is a recreation of the Korakuen Garden in Okayama, Japan. This article is about a garden located in Okayama for the garden in Tokyo see Koishikawa Korakuen Garden, is a Japanese garden located in is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. ^[19]

The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is located at Katraj, close to the city ^[20]. The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park commonly known as the Rajiv Gandhi Zoo is located in Katraj near the city of Pune in India. The zoo, which was earlier located at Peshwe Park was merged with the reptile park at Katraj.

Food

Pune has a variety of foods and cuisines. A common meal item is bhakri-pitla, or flat millet pancakes and flour-based curry. Bhakri (भाक्री bhākrī) is a round flat unleavened Bread often used in the cuisine of western and central India, especially in the states of Savoury items such as chivda and bakarvadi, and sweets are available in various shops and restaurants. Bombay mix is the name used in the UK for a traditional Indian snack known as chiwda or chevda (चिवडा in India or Street vendors also offer snacks such as vada pav, bhelpuri, misal and kacchi dabeli. Vada pav (also spelled wada pav, pronounced WUH-dah POW is an Indian Vegetarian Fast food commonly eaten in Maharashtra, Bhelpuri ( Hindi भेलपूरी Marathi भेळ is a type of Chaat or small plates of savory snacks synonymous with the beaches of Mumbai One can also find the mastani, a thick milkshake with dried fruits, which is named after Queen Mastani of the Peshwas. Mastani (died 1740 was the muslim Wife of Peshwa Baji Rao I (1699-1740 an Indian general and chief minister to the fourth Dried fruit is fruit that has been dried, either naturally or through use of a machine such as a Food dehydrator. Mastani (died 1740 was the muslim Wife of Peshwa Baji Rao I (1699-1740 an Indian general and chief minister to the fourth

Several restaurants in Pune offer Udupi cuisine, Kolhapuri cuisine, Maharashtrian cuisine and other Indian and Western cuisines. Udupi cuisine ( Kannada:ಉಡುಪಿ ಶೈಲಿಯ ಆಹಾರ) is a world-renowned Cuisine of South India. Maharashtrian (or Marathi) cuisine is Cuisine of the Marathi people, those from the state of Maharashtra in India Pune has many dining Halls spread out across the city catering to students and office goers. These are modest sit-down eateries that serve all-you-can-eat meals at affordable prices. Indian and western fastfood franchises such as Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Subway, Smokin Joes and Papa Johns have outlets in the city, and are comparatively more expensive. Subway Restaurants, commonly known as Subway, is a Fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells Sandwiches and Salads called Papa John's Pizza ( is the third largest Take-out and delivery Pizza restaurant chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut There are several coffee houses (including Irani cafes) and modern chains such as Cafe Coffee Day and Barista Coffee. Irani cafes used to be an indelible part of Mumbai 's cosmopolitan heritage Café Coffee Day is a chain of coffee shops in India having it's head quarters in Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka.

Entertainment

Pune has many multiplexes and cinema theatres, showing the latest Bollywood and Hollywood movies. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India These multiplexes are situated in various parts of the city. Marathi movies are screened at Prabhat and City Pride. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Multiplexes include INOX near Pune station, E Square on University road, City Pride on Satara road, City Pride at Kothrud, Adlabs Cinemas at Kalyani Nagar and Chinchwad Fame Jai Ganesh at Akurdi, Pimpri-chinchwad,Mangala at Corporation, Rahul on university ROad. Adlabs Cinemas is the largest cinema chain in India. Adlabs was founded in 1978 by Manmohan Shetty as a film processing unit Other than the cinema there are various other leisure facilities such as go-karting at Manas Resorts and the Pancard club. ^[21] a bowling alley at 3D Destination^[22]

Pune Theatres and Cinema Halls

Pune is becoming a good party destination with people from multinational cultures flocking to Pune. Discos, pubs and bars are becoming common in Pune.

Neighborhoods

Main article: Pune Neighborhoods

The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones:

• Central Pune: consisting of roughly seventeen peths, or neighborhoods. Until the mid-1970s the city of Pune mainly consisted of the central peths or localities Peth is a general term in the Marathi language for a locality in the Indian city of Pune. These were established and developed during the Maratha and Peshwa rule, and are referred to as the old city.
• Inner Pune: consisting of Deccan Gymkhana, Erandwane and Shivajinagar in the west, Camp, Dhole-Patil Road, and Koregaon Park in the east, and Swargate, Parvati, Mukundnagar, Maharshinagar, Gultekdi, and Salisbury Park in the South. On the north, the inner city is bounded by the Mula-Mutha river. The Mula-Mutha is a river in India, formed by the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers in the city of Pune.
• Outer Pune: including the newer developed areas of Aundh and Ganeshkhind in the northwest, Kothrud and Paud Road in the west, Dattawadi, Sahakarnagar and Dhankawadi in the southwest, Bibvewadi, Lullanagar, and upper Kondhwa in the southeast, and Ghorpadi, Fatimanagar, Wanowrie and Hadapsar South in the east.
• Suburbs: including Baner and Pashan in the northwest, Bavdhan and Warje in the west, Wadgaon, Dhayari and Ambegaon in the southwest, Katraj, Lower Kondhwa, Undri and Mohammedwadi in the southeast, Hadapsar North, Mundhwa, and Manjri in the east, Wadgaon Sheri and Kharadi in the northeast, and Dhanori and Kalas in the north.

The Pune metropolitan area also includes the following areas, located roughly to the northwest of Pune city. These are administered by the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. Pimpri-Chinchwad ( Marathi: पिंपरी-चिंचवड is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra

• Pimpri and its surroundings: Chikhli, Kalewadi, Kasarwadi, Phugewadi, and Pimple Saudagar.
• Chinchwad and its surroundings: Thergaon, Tathawade, and Talawade.
• Sangvi and its surroundings: Dapodi, Wakad, Hinjewadi, Pimple Nilakh, and Pimple Gurav.
• Bhosari and its surroundings: Moshi, Dighi, Dudulgaon, and Charholi Budruk.
• Nigdi-Akurdi and its surroundings: Ravet, Dehu Road, and Somatne.

Media and Communication

Marathi newspapers such as Sakal, Loksatta, Lokmat, Kesari, Maharashtra Times and Pudhari are popular. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Sakaal (सकाळ meaning "morning" in Marathi) is a Marathi language newspaper based in Pune, Maharashtra. The Loksatta is a Marathi newspaper in Maharashtra, India. Lok means people in Marathi/ Hindi. Lokmat is a popular Marathi language newspaper It is the fourth largest Indian daily and in Marathi, it sells 1 English dailies such as The Times of India, Indian Express and Sakaal Times (formerly the Maharashtra Herald) have editions based in Pune, with additional local supplements. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka

Star Maajha, Zee Marathi, Doordarshan Sahyadri and ETV Marathi, Me Marathi, are popular television channels. Zee Marathi ( Marathi:झी मराठी is India -based Satellite television channel which carries broadcasts in Marathi. Many English and Hindi entertainment and news channels are watched as well. Pune has FM Radio services as well running for last few years. Though Radio Mirchi (98. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. 3 MHz) tops the popularity rating, AIR FM (101. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی MHz),Radio City(91. 10), Radio One (94. Go925 FM changed its name to Radio One on June 8 2006 as a part of re-branding exercise before going national in 6 more cities 30) and Vidyavaani (Pune Universities' own FM Channel) have their presence felt.

There are plans to make Pune India’s first wireless city. Intel Corporation, Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Microsense joined hands to commercially roll out the first phase of a 802. The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC was established on 15th February 1950 16d Wi-Fi and WiMax network in the city. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission The first phase of the Unwire Pune project deployment would provide wireless connectivity in a 25 km² expanse of the city. After the completion of the first phase, in around four months, Pune Municipal Corp is planning to make services commercially available to citizens offering a speed of 256 kbit/s. ^[23]

Sports and Recreation

Popular games in Pune include cricket, badminton, field hockey, soccer, tennis, kabaddi, kho-kho, rowing, and chess. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (கபடி otherwise known as சடுகுடுకబడ్డీ ਕਬੱਡੀ कबड्डी कबड्डीکبڈی Kho Kho is an Indian sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team only 9 players of the team enter the field Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. The rules of badminton were first formalized in Pune in 1873^[24].

Cricket is played between clubs affiliated to the Maharashtra Cricket Association (MCA), which maintains a domestic cricket team (the Maharashtra cricket team). The Maharashtra cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Maharashtra in the city of Pune. This team, one of three based in the state of Maharashtra, competes in interstate matches and leagues, such as the Ranji Trophy. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. The Ranji Trophy is a domestic First-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides equivalent to the County Championship

The Pune International Marathon is an annual marathon conducted in Pune. The Pune International Marathon is an annual Marathon foot-race run in Pune, India The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42

Prominent sporting institutions in Pune include the Nehru Stadium, the Deccan Gymkhana, PYC Hindu Gymkhana and the Shiv Chattrapati Sports Complex at Balewadi. Nehru Stadium, formerly known as Club of Maharahstra Ground, is a multi-purpose Stadium in Pune, India. The Nehru Stadium is the home ground of the Maharashtra cricket team, and has hosted many prominent cricket events, including one of the matches in the 1996 Cricket World Cup. The 1996 Cricket World Cup (aka Wills World Cup was won by Sri Lanka who beat Australia by 7 wickets at the final in Lahore. The Deccan Gymkhana has hosted Davis Cup matches on several occasions. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's Tennis. The Shiv Chattrapati Sports Complex hosted the National Games in 1994, and is slated to host the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games will be held in Pune, India, a city in the state of Maharashtra. The Royal Connaught Boat Club is one of several boating clubs on the Mula-Mutha river. The Royal Connaught Boat Club ( RCBC) was founded in 1868 in Pune, India. A newer cricket stadium is to be constructed by 2010, near Gahunje village on the Mumbai-Pune expressway. ^[25]

Prominent sportspersons hailing from Pune include cricketer D. B. Deodhar, father-son cricketing duo Hemant and Hrishikesh Kanitkar, tennis players Radhika Tulpule, Gaurav Natekar and Nitin Kirtane, and table-tennis player Aniket Koparkar. Dinkar Balwant Deodhar ( 14 January 1892 &ndash 24 August 1993) was an Indian first class Cricketer Deodhar was born in Hemant Shamsunder Kanitkar (born December 8, 1942, Amravati, Maharashtra) is a former Indian Cricketer who played in Hrishikesh Kanitkar (born November 14, 1974 in Maharashtra) is an Indian Cricketer He is a left-handed batsman and a right-arm Abhijeet Kunte and Pravin Thipse are national champion chess players. Local MP Suresh Kalmadi is also the president of the Indian Olympic Association. Suresh Rao Kalmadi (born May 1, 1944, Pune, Maharashtra) is an Indian politician and businessman The Indian Olympic Association is the body responsible for selecting athletes to represent India at the Olympic Games and other international athletic meets and for

Sister cities

Pune has Sister City agreements with the following cities:

• - Bremen, Germany
• - San Jose, California USA (since 1992)

References

External links

• Government of India website for Pune City and District
• Pune City & District PRIME WEB PORTAL
• Pune Municipal Corporation E-Governance
• Pune Yellow Pages - Complete Guide to Pune City
• Pune travel guide from Wikitravel
• Pune at Wikimapia
• Pune at the Open Directory Project
• Pune's Community Portal - PuneScoop.com
• PMPML[Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd
• Helpline For You, Pune

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

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