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Cover of the first Punch or The London Charivari depicts Punch hanging a caricatured Devil, 1841
Cover of the first Punch or The London Charivari depicts Punch hanging a caricatured Devil, 1841

Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke Laughter and provide Amusement Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

History

Punch was founded on July 17, 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Henry Mayhew (25 November 1812 - 25th July 1887 was an English social Researcher, Journalist, Playwright and advocate of Ebenezer Landells (1808 in Newcastle – October 1, 1860 at Victoria Grove West Brompton) was an English wood-engraver illustrator At its founding it was jointly edited by Mayhew and Mark Lemon. Mark Lemon ( 30 November 1809 &ndash 23 May 1870) was founding editor of both Punch and The Field Initially it was subtitled The London Charivari, this being a reference to a satirical humour magazine published in France under the title Le Charivari. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Le Charivari was an illustrated newspaper published in Paris, France from 1832 to 1937. Reflecting their satiric and humorous intent, the two editors took for their name and masthead the anarchic glove puppet, Mr. Punch; the name also referred to a joke made early on about one of the magazine's first editors, Lemon, that "punch is nothing without lemon". A puppet is a representational figure manipulated by a Puppeteer. Punch and Judy is a traditional popular English Puppet show featuring the characters of Punch and his wife Judy Punch is a general term for any of a wide assortment of Mixed drinks, either soft or alcoholic, generally containing Fruit or fruit juice The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Mayhew ceased to be joint editor in 1842 and became 'suggestor in chief' until he severed his connection in 1845. Punch was responsible for the modern use of the word 'cartoon' to refer to a comic drawing. The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. The illustrator Archibald Henning designed the cover of the magazine's first issues. The cover design varied in the early years, though Richard Doyle designed what became the magazine's masthead in 1849. Richard "Dickie" Doyle (September 1824 &ndash 11 December 1883) was a notable Victorian illustrator A masthead is a list usually found on the editorial page of a Newspaper or Magazine, of the members of the newspaper's Editorial board.

In the 1860s and 1870s, conservative Punch faced competition from upstart liberal journal Fun, but after about 1874, Fun's fortunes faded. Fun was a Victorian weekly Magazine, first published on September 21 1861. At Evans's café in London, the two journals had 'Round tables' in competition with each other. [1]

"True Humility": Bishop: "I'm afraid you've got a bad egg, Mr Jones"; Curate: "Oh, no, my Lord, I assure you that parts of it are excellent!"George du Maurier, originally published in 1895
"True Humility": Bishop: "I'm afraid you've got a bad egg, Mr Jones"; Curate: "Oh, no, my Lord, I assure you that parts of it are excellent!"

George du Maurier, originally published in 1895

After months of financial difficulty and a relative lack of initial market success, Punch became a staple for British drawing rooms because of its sophisticated humour and absence of offensive material, especially when viewed against the satirical press of the time. George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier ( 6 March, 1834 &ndash 8 October, 1896) was a French -born British The Times used small pieces from Punch as column fillers, giving the magazine free publicity and indirectly granting a degree of respectability, a privilege not enjoyed by any other comic publication. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Punch would share a friendly relationship with not only The Times but also journals aimed at intellectual audiences such as the Westminster Review, which published a fifty-three page illustrated article on Punch's first two volumes. Historian Richard Altick writes that "To judge from the number of references to it in the private letters and memoirs of the 1840s. Richard Daniel Altick ( September 19, 1915 - February 7[[ 008]] was an American literary scholar known for his pioneering contributions to Victorian Studies . . Punch had become a household word within a year or two of its founding, beginning in the middle class and soon reaching the pinnacle of society, royalty itself". [2]

Increasing in readership and popularity throughout the remainder of the 1840s and 1850s, Punch was the success story of a threepenny weekly paper that had become one of the most talked-about and enjoyed periodicals of its time. Punch enjoyed an audience on both sides of the Atlantic, including: Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Thomas Carlyle, Edward FitzGerald, Charlotte Brontë, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emily Dickinson, Herman Melville, Henry Longfellow, and James Russell Lowell. Elizabeth Barrett Browning ( March 6, 1806 &ndash June 29, 1861) was one of the most respected Poets of the Victorian era Robert Browning (7 May 1812 - 12 December 1889 was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of Dramatic verse, especially Dramatic monologues made him one of Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Edward Fitzgerald may refer to Edward FitzGerald 7th Duke of Leinster Lord Edward FitzGerald, Irish revolutionary Charlotte Brontë (ˈbrɒnti (21 April 1816 &ndash 31 March 1855 was a British Novelist, the eldest of the three famous Brontë sisters whose Novels Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25 1803 &ndash April 27 1882 was an American essayist philosopher poet and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early 19th century Herman Melville (August 1 1819 &ndash September 28 1891 was an American novelist Short story writer Essayist and poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27 1807 &ndash March 24 1882 was an American educator and Poet whose works include " Paul Revere's Ride " James Russell Lowell (February 22 1819 – August 12 1891 was an American Romantic poet critic editor and Diplomat. Punch gave several phrases to the English language, including The Crystal Palace, and the "Curate's egg" (first seen in an 1895 cartoon). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Crystal Palace was a cast-iron and Glass building originally erected in Hyde Park, London, England, to house the The expression " a curate's egg " originally meant something that is partly good and partly bad but as a result is entirely spoilt Several British humour classics were first serialised in Punch, such as the Diary of a Nobody and 1066 and All That. Diary of a Nobody, an English comic Novel written by George Grossmith and illustrated by his brother Weedon, first appeared in

Circulation peaked during the 1940s when it reached 175,000, but slowly declined over the years, until the magazine was forced to close in 1992 after 150 years of publication. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Gallery of selected early covers

The first cover shows Punch hanging the Devil

1843: July 1 cover shows Punch straddling a trumpeter

Punch magazine cover from 1867 shows Richard Doyle's 1849 illustration

1916: April 26 cover shows Richard Doyle's masthead with colour and advertisements

1996 resurrection

In early 1996, the Egyptian businessman Mohamed Fayed bought the rights to the name, and it was re-launched later that year. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) It was reported that the magazine was intended to be a spoiler aimed at Private Eye, which had published many items critical of Fayed. Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. The magazine never became profitable in its new incarnation, and at the end of May 2002 it was announced that Punch would once more cease publication. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Press reports at the time quoted a total loss to its owner of some £16 million (about $28 million U. S. ) over the six years of publication, with only 6,000 subscribers at the end.

Whereas the earlier version of Punch had prominently featured the clownish character Punchinello (a. k. a. Punch of Punch and Judy) performing various antics on each issue's front cover (in a manner later copied by Mad magazine's character Alfred E. Neuman), the resurrected Punch magazine did not use this character at all, but prominently featured on its weekly covers a photograph of a boxing glove . Punch and Judy is a traditional popular English Puppet show featuring the characters of Punch and his wife Judy Mad is a monthly American Humor Magazine founded by editor Harvey Kurtzman and publisher William Gaines in 1952 Alfred E Neuman is the Fictional Mascot of Mad. The face had drifted through American Pictography for decades before being claimed . . thus informing its readers that the new magazine intended its name to mean "Punch" in the sense of a punch in the eye.

In 2004, much of the archive, including the famous Punch table, was sold to the British Library.

Contributors

Editorial meeting of Punch magazine in the late 19th century
Editorial meeting of Punch magazine in the late 19th century

Editors of Punch were:

Cartoonists who worked for the magazine include Richard Doyle, John Leech, Charles Keene, John Tenniel, Edward Linley Sambourne, George du Maurier, Bernard Partridge, Phil May, Arthur Rackham, William Sillince, E.H. Shepard, E A Worthington, Rowland Emett, Graham Laidler (Pont), Norman Thelwell, Leslie Illingworth, Arthur Watts, Kenneth Bird (Fougasse), Robert Sherriffs, Nicolas Bentley, Frank Hoar (as 'Acanthus'), George Sprod, Antonia Yeoman (Anton), Edward Ardizzone, Michael ffolkes, Russell Brockbank, Ronald Searle, J.B. Handelsman, Gerald Scarfe, Wally Fawkes (Trog), David Langdon, Alex Graham (creator of Fred Basset), John Jensen, Quentin Blake, Murray Ball, Matt Pritchett, David Myers. Mark Lemon ( 30 November 1809 &ndash 23 May 1870) was founding editor of both Punch and The Field Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Henry Mayhew (25 November 1812 - 25th July 1887 was an English social Researcher, Journalist, Playwright and advocate of Charles William Shirley Brooks ( April 29, 1816 – February 23, 1874) journalist and Novelist, born in London began life in a Tom Taylor ( 19 October 1817 &ndash 12 July 1880) was a dramatist critic biographer public servant and editor of Punch magazine Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Sir Francis Cowley Burnand (29 November 1836 &ndash 21 April 1917 often credited as F Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Sir Owen Seaman ( September 18, 1861 - February 2, 1936) was a British writer journalist and poet Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Edmund George Valpy Knox ( May 10, 1881 &ndash January 2, 1971) was a Poet and satirist who wrote under the Pseudonym Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cyril Kenneth Bird, Pen name Fougasse ( 17 December 1887, London - 11 June 1965, London) was a British Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge ( Croydon, England 24 March 1903 &ndash 14 November 1990) was a British Journalist Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Albert Bernard Hollowood ( June 3, 1910 at Burslem, Staffordshire – March 28, 1981 at Shamley Green, Surrey Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Davis, Knight Order of Merit of Italian Republic (born 6 March 1933) is a Journalist, broadcaster editor, company director Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Alan Coren (27 June 1938 &ndash 18 October 2007 was an English humorist, Writer and satirist who was well known as a regular panellist Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Paul Robert Spike is an American Author, Editor and Journalist. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Richard Doyle may refer to Richard Doyle (actor, American actor Richard Doyle (author (born 1948 British thriller writer John Leech (August 29 1817&ndashOctober 29 1864 in London was an English Caricaturist. Charles Samuel Keene ( 10 August 1823 &ndash 4 January 1891) was an English artist who worked in black and white Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 &ndash 25 February 1914 was an English Illustrator. Edward Linley Sambourne (4 January 1844&ndash3 August 1910 was a Cartoonist for Punch. George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier ( 6 March, 1834 &ndash 8 October, 1896) was a French -born British for others with the same name see John Partridge John Bernard Partridge (1861&ndash1945 was an English Illustrator. Phil May ( 22 April 1864 – 5 August 1903) was an English Caricaturist. Arthur Rackham ( 19 September 1867 &ndash 6 September 1939) was a prolific English book illustrator Ernest Howard Shepard ( December 10, 1879 – March 24, 1976) was an English Artist and book Illustrator. Erasmus Augustus Worthington ( 21 December, 1791 – 1 April 1880) was an Author and Illustrator during the Victorian Frederick Rowland Emett ( 22 October, 1906 - 13 November 1990) OBE, sometimes known variously as Roland/Emmett, was an Norman Thelwell ( 3 May 1923 - 7 February 2004) was an English Cartoonist well-known for his humorous illustrations of Cyril Kenneth Bird, Pen name Fougasse ( 17 December 1887, London - 11 June 1965, London) was a British Nicolas Clerihew Bentley ( June 14, 1907 &ndash August 14, 1978) was a British Author and Illustrator famous for Harold Frank Hoar, FRIBA ( 13 September, 1907 &mdash 3 October 1976) was a British architect artist academic and architectural Edward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone CBE, RA ( 16 October, 1900 - 8 November, 1979) was a writer and illustrator Michael ffolkes ( Sic, real name Michael Davies) (1925-1988 was a British Illustrator and Cartoonist most famous for his work on the Russell Brockbank (1913-1979 was a Canadian -born Cartoonist who spent much of his working life in the United Kingdom. Ronald William Fordham Searle CBE (b 3 March 1920, Cambridge England) is an influential English Artist and Cartoonist John Bernard "JB" Handelsman ( February 5, 1922 - June 20, 2007) was a Cartoonist and Illustrator whose work Gerald Anthony Scarfe, CBE (born 1 June, 1936 in St John's Wood, London) is an English Cartoonist and Illustrator Wally Fawkes (born 1924 in Vancouver, Canada (left in 1931 for England is a British-Canadian Jazz Clarinetist and until recently a satirical Fred Basset is a Comic strip about an Eponymous male Basset hound. John Jensen (born 3 May 1965) nicknamed Faxe, is a former Danish international footballer whose last job in football was Quentin Saxby Blake CBE (born December 16 1932 in Sidcup) is a British Cartoonist, illustrator The New Zealand -born Cartoonist Murray Hone Ball (born 1939 in Feilding in the Manawatu) has become known for his Stanley the Palaeolithic Matt Pritchett MBE (born 1964 has been the pocket Cartoonist on the Daily Telegraph newspaper since 1988

Notable authors who contributed at one time or another include Kingsley Amis, Alex Atkinson, John Betjeman, Willard R. Espy, A.P. Herbert, Thomas Hood, Douglas William Jerrold (1841-1857), James Leavey, George du Maurier, George Melly, John McCrae, A.A. Milne, Anthony Powell, W.C. Sellar and R.J. Yeatman, William Makepeace Thackeray, Sir Henry Lucy, John Hollingshead, Artemus Ward, Somerset Maugham, P.G. Wodehouse, Keith Waterhouse, Quentin Crisp, Olivia Manning, Sylvia Plath, Joyce Grenfell, E.M. Delafield, Stevie Smith, Virginia Graham, Joan Bakewell, Penelope Fitzgerald, Peter Dickinson. Sir Kingsley William Amis, CBE ( April 16, 1922 &ndash October 22, 1995) was an English Novelist, Alex Atkinson (1916-1962 was an English journalist novelist and playwright who is best remembered for his collaborative works with the illustrator Ronald Searle. Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( 28 August 1906 &ndash 19 May 1984 was an English poet writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who Willard Richardson Espy (11 December 1910&ndash20 February 1999 was a U Sir Alan Patrick Herbert, CH (usually writing as A P Herbert or A Thomas Hood ( 23 May 1799 &ndash 3 May 1845) was a British Humorist and Poet. Douglas William Jerrold (3 January 1803 – 8 June 1857 was an English Dramatist and writer George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier ( 6 March, 1834 &ndash 8 October, 1896) was a French -born British Alan George Heywood Melly ( 17 August 1926 – 5 July 2007) was an English Jazz and Blues Singer Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae ( November 30, 1872 &ndash January 28, 1918) was a Canadian Poet Alan Alexander Milne (ˈmɪln (18 January 1882 &ndash 31 January 1956 was an English Author, best known for his Books about the Teddy bear Anthony Dymoke Powell, CH, CBE (December 21 1905&ndashMarch 28 2000 was an English novelist best known for his twelve-volume work A Dance to the Music Walter Carruthers Sellar ( December 27, 1898 &ndash June 11, 1951) was a Scottish Humourist who wrote for ''Punch'' Robert Julian Yeatman ( July 15, 1897 &ndash July 13, 1968) was a British Humorist who wrote for ''Punch''. William Makepeace Thackeray (ˈθækərɪ 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863 was an English Novelist of the 19th century John Hollingshead ( 9 September 1827 – 9 October 1904) was an English theatrical Impresario, journalist and writer during See also Artemas Ward (disambiguation Charles Farrar Browne, ( April 23, 1834 - March 6, 1867) was a William Somerset Maugham, CH ( January 25 1874 &ndash December 16 1965) was an English Playwright, Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (15 October 1881 – 14 February 1975 (ˈwʊdhaʊs was an English Comic novelist who enjoyed enormous popular success Keith Waterhouse (born 6 February 1929 in Leeds, England) is a Novelist Newspaper columnist and the writer of many Quentin Crisp ( –) born Denis Charles Pratt, was an English writer artist's model actor and Raconteur known for his memorable and insightful Olivia Manning is also the name of the wife of Archie Manning and mother of Eli and Peyton Manning. Sylvia Plath (October 27 1932 &ndash February 11 1963 was an American Poet, Novelist and Short story Writer. Joyce Irene Grenfell, OBE ( née Phipps; 10 February 1910 &ndash 30 November 1979) was an English Edmée Elizabeth Monica Dashwood, née de la Pasture ( 9 June, 1890 &ndash 2 December, 1943) commonly known as E Stevie Smith ( September 20, 1902 – March 7, 1971) was a British Poet and Novelist Life Born Dame Joan Dawson Bakewell DBE (born 16 April 1933 in Stockport) is an English Journalist and Television presenter Penelope Fitzgerald ( 17 December, 1916 - 28 April, 2000) was a Booker Prize -winning English Novelist, Poet Peter Malcolm de Brissac Dickinson (born 16 December 1927) is an English author and poet who has written a wide variety of books notably children's books

Notes

  1. ^ See Schoch, Richard, Performing Bohemia (2004) (copy downloaded 13 October 2006).
  2. ^ See Altick, Richard. Punch: The Lively Youth of a British Institution, 1841-1851 (Ohio State University Press, 1997), 17.

External links

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