Pumping stations are facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. Grave ( is a Municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. Grave ( is a Municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. They are used for a variety of infrastructure systems that many people take for granted, such as the supply of water to canals, the drainage of low-lying land, and the removal of sewage to processing sites. Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other
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A pumping station is, by definition, an integral part of a Pumped-storage hydroelectricity installation. Hydro-storage redirects here For storage of water for other purposes see Reservoir.
Canal water supply
In countries with canal systems, pumping stations are also frequent. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Because of the way the system of canal locks work, water is lost from the upper part of a canal each time a vessel passes through. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways. Also, most lock gates are not watertight, so some water leaks from the higher levels of the canal to those lower down. Obviously, the water has to be replaced or eventually the upper levels of the canal would not hold enough water to be navigable.
Canals are usually fed by diverting water from streams and rivers into the upper parts of the canal, but if no suitable source is available, a pumping station can be used to maintain the water level. An excellent example of a canal pumping station is the Claverton Pumping Station on the Kennet and Avon Canal in southern England. Claverton Pumping Station is a Pumping station, located in the village of Claverton in the English county of Somerset, which pumps water from The Kennet and Avon Canal is a Canal in southern England The name may refer to either the route of the original Kennet and Avon Canal Company, which linked the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This pumps water from the nearby River Avon to the canal using pumps driven by the power of the river itself. The River Avon is a River in the south west of England. Because of a number of other River Avons in England this river is often also known as the Lower
Where no external water supply is available, back pumping systems may be employed. Water is extracted from the canal below the lowest lock of a flight and is pumped back to the top of the flight, ready for the next boat to pass through. Such installations are usually very small.
Land drainage
When low lying areas of land are drained, the general method is to dig drainage ditches. A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel Water. However, if the area is below sea level then it is necessary to pump the water upwards into water channels that finally drain into the sea. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface
The Victorians understood this concept, and in the United Kingdom they built pumping stations with large water pumps, powered by large steam engines to accomplish this task. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. In Lincolnshire, large areas of wetland at sea level, called The Fens, were turned into rich arable farmland by this method. The Fens, also known as the Fenland, is a geographic area in eastern England, in the United Kingdom. In Geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to Plough) is an agricultural term meaning land that can be used for The land is full of nutrients because of the accumulation of sedimentary mud that created the land initially. A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock)
Elsewhere, pumping stations are used to remove water that has found its way into low-lying areas as a result of leakage or flooding (in New Orleans, for example). Drainage in New Orleans, Louisiana has been a major concern since the founding of the city in the early eighteenth century remaining an important factor
Sewerage systems
Pumping stations in sewage collection systems, also called lift stations, are normally designed to handle raw sewage that is fed from underground gravity pipelines (pipes that are laid at an angle so that a liquid can flow in one direction under gravity). Sewage is fed into and stored in an underground pit, commonly known as a wet well. The well is equipped with electrical instrumentation to detect the level of sewage present. When the sewage level rises to a predetermined point, a pump will be started to lift the sewage upward through a pressurized pipe system called a sewer force main from where the sewage is discharged into a gravity manhole. From here the cycle starts all over again until the sewage reaches its point of destination – usually a treatment plant. By this method, pumping stations are used to move waste to higher elevations. In the case of high sewage flows into the well (for example during peak flow periods and wet weather) additional pumps will be used. If this is insufficient, or in the case of failure of the pumping station, a backup in the sewer system can occur, leading to a sanitary sewer overflow – the discharge of raw sewage into the environment. Sanitary sewer overflow (SSO is a condition whereby untreated Sewage is discharged into the environment prior to reaching treatment facilities thereby escaping Wastewater
Sewage pumping stations are typically designed so that one pump or one set of pumps will handle normal peak flow conditions. Redundancy is built into the system so that in the event that any one pump is out of service, the remaining pump or pumps will handle the designed flow. The storage volume of the wet well between the 'pump on' and 'pump off' settings is designed to minimize pump starts and stops, but is not so long a detention time as to allow the sewage in the wet well to go septic.
The interior of a sewage pump station is a very dangerous place. Poisonous gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide can accumulate in the wet well; an ill-equipped person entering the well would be overcome by fumes very quickly. Methane is a Chemical compound with the molecular formula. It is the simplest Alkane, and the principal component of Natural gas. Hydrogen sulfide (or hydrogen sulphide) is the Chemical compound with the formula H 2 S. Any entry into the wet well requires the correct confined space entry method for a hazardous environment. Confined space is a term from labor - Safety Regulations that refers to an area whose enclosed conditions and limited access make it dangerous To minimize the need for entry, the facility is normally designed to allow pumps and other equipment to be removed from outside the wet well.
Pumped-storage schemes
A pumped-storage scheme is a type of power station for storing and producing electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations. Hydro-storage redirects here For storage of water for other purposes see Reservoir.
Typically, water is channelled from a high-level reservoir to a low-level reservoir, through turbine generators that generate electricity. This is done when the station is required to generate power. During low-demand periods, such as overnight, the generators are reversed to become pumps that move the water back up to the top reservoir.
- See also: List of pumped-storage plants
List of pumping stations
There are countless thousands of pumping stations throughout the world. Hydro-storage redirects here For storage of water for other purposes see Reservoir. The following is a list of those described in this encylopaedia.
Great Britain
In Great Britain, a considerable number of former pumping stations have been preserved and opened as museum attractions. The majority are, or were steam-powered, except as identified:
Canal water supply
- Claverton Pumping Station, on the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Bath (water-powered)
- Cobb's Engine House, ruin near southern portal of Netherton Tunnel
- Crofton Pumping Station, on the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Great Bedwyn
- Leawood Pump House, on the Cromford Canal in Derbyshire
- Smethwick Engine, now removed from original site to Birmingham Thinktank
Groundwater supply
Used to pump water from a well into a reservoir
- Mill Meece Pumping Station, in Staffordshire
- Papplewick Pumping Station, Nottinghamshire (pumped from a 200ft deep well)
Hydraulic power station
- Wapping Hydraulic Power Station, London (converted to electricity, now an arts centre and restaurant)
Land drainage
- Prickwillow Engine House, near Ely, Cambridgeshire (now the Museum of Fenland Drainage)
- Stretham Old Engine, Stretham, Cambridgeshire
- Westonzoyland Pumping Station, Somerset
Public water supply
Used to pump drinking water from a reservoir into a water supply system. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. Claverton Pumping Station is a Pumping station, located in the village of Claverton in the English county of Somerset, which pumps water from The Kennet and Avon Canal is a Canal in southern England The name may refer to either the route of the original Kennet and Avon Canal Company, which linked the Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. Cobb's Engine House (properly known as Windmill End Pumping Station) is a Scheduled ancient monument and a Grade II listed building built around 1831 Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal in the West Midlands, is part of the Birmingham Canal Navigations, (BCN Crofton Pumping Station is a Pumping station near the village of Great Bedwyn in the English county of Wiltshire: it supplies the Summit The Kennet and Avon Canal is a Canal in southern England The name may refer to either the route of the original Kennet and Avon Canal Company, which linked the Great Bedwyn is a Village and Civil parish in the east of the English county of Wiltshire. The Cromford Canal ran 145 miles (23 km from Cromford to the Erewash Canal in Derbyshire, England with a branch to Pinxton. History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle The Smethwick Engine is a steam engine made by Boulton and Watt; brought into service in May 1779 Thinktank is a Science museum in Birmingham, England. Opened in 2001 it has some exhibits from the now-closed Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery Mill Meece Pumping Station is a Pumping station, located in the village of Millmeece in Staffordshire, England. Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Papplewick Pumping Station, based in the picturesque Nottinghamshire village of Papplewick, was built between 1881 and 1885 as a means of pumping Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire The Wapping Hydraulic Power Station (built 1890 was originally run by the London Hydraulic Power Company in Wapping, London, England. Originally a small Hamlet on the banks of the River Great Ouse, the village of Prickwillow had an estimated mid-2005 population of 440 Ely (, rhyming with "freely" is a Cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate Stretham Old Engine is a steam-powered engine just south of Stretham in Cambridgeshire, England, that was used to pump water from flood-affected areas Stretham is a small village in East Cambridgeshire. It is located south of Ely along the A10 History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate The Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum is a small Industrial Heritage Museum dedicated to steam powered machinery in Westonzoyland, Somerset
- Blagdon Pumping Station, Chew Valley, Somerset
- Edgbaston Waterworks, Birmingham (probably not a 'museum' site)
- Kempton Park Pumping Station, London
- Kew Bridge Pumping Station, Kew Bridge, London
- Langford Pumping Station ("Museum of Power"), Essex
Sewage
- Abbey Pumping Station, Leicester
- Abbey Mills Pumping Station, in North London. Blagdon Lake lies in the Chew Valley at the northern edge of the Mendip Hills, approximately 10 mi (16 km south of Bristol. Edgbaston Waterworks (Edgbaston Pumping Station ( lies to the east of Edgbaston Reservoir, two miles west of the centre of Birmingham Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The Kempton Park Steam Engines (also known as the Kempton Great Engines) are two large triple-expansion steam engines, dating from 1926-1929 at the Kempton Park Kew Bridge Steam Museum houses a museum of water supply and a collection of water pumping Steam engines The museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH The European Route of Kew Bridge is a Bridge in London over the River Thames. The present bridge was designed by John Wolfe-Barry and opened in 1903 The Museum of Power is located in the former Southend Waterworks Langford Pumping Station The Abbey Pumping Station is a museum in Leicester, England, on Corporation Road opposite the National Space Centre. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional The original Abbey Mills Pumping Station, in Abbey Lane London E15 is a sewerage Pumping station, designed by engineer Joseph Bazalgette, Edmund (steam engines no longer present)
- Claymills Pumping Station, near Burton upon Trent
- Coleham Pumping Station, Coleham, near Shrewsbury
- Crossness Pumping Station, in South London
- Low Hall Pumping Station, Walthamstow, North London
- Markfield Beam Engine, Tottenham, London
Underground Railway
- Brunel Engine House (now Brunel Museum), Rotherhithe, East London (extracted water from Thames Tunnel; engine no longer present)
- Shore Road Pumping Station, Birkenhead, Wirral (originally steam, now electric; extracts water from the rail tunnel under the River Mersey)
Netherlands
Land drainage
- Cruquius pumping station (Operational, but no longer steam-powered. Claymills Pumping Station is a restored Victorian sewage Pumping station on the north side of Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a large town straddling the River Trent in the east of Staffordshire, Coleham Pumping Station is a historical Pumping station in Coleham, Shrewsbury, England. Coleham is a district of the town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Crossness Pumping Station was a sewage Pumping station designed by engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette and architect Charles Henry Driver. The Pump House Steam and Transport Museum is a museum in Walthamstow focusing on the pioneering achievements in road rail air and sea transport in the River Lea This article is about a town For the album by East 17 see Walthamstow (album. The Markfield Beam Engine is a 100 Horsepower beam pumping engine, built in 1886 to transfer Sewage from the Middlesex district Tottenham (pronounced "tot-num" by locals is an urban area of north London, England in the London Borough of Haringey, situated north-east of The Brunel Museum is a museum in the Brunel Engine House, Rotherhithe, South East London. Rotherhithe is a district of central south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark. The Thames Tunnel is an underwater tunnel built beneath the River Thames in London. The Shore Road Pumping Station is a Pumping station situated in Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England. Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. The Museum De Cruquius (or Cruquiusmuseum) occupies the old Cruquius steam Pumping station in Cruquius, The Netherlands. )
- – an 8-beam Cornish engine with the largest cylinder (3. A Cornish engine is a type of Steam engine developed in Cornwall, United Kingdom, for pumping water from a Tin mine. 5m (144in) diameter) in the world.
- ir.D.F. Woudagemaal, (ir. Wouda pumping station) (world's largest steam-powered pumping station)
See also
- Drainage in New Orleans
- Edmonston Pumping Plant
- Packaged pump station
- Sewage pumping
- Submersible pump
- Water pumping
Waterworks railways
- Colne Valley Waterworks railway, Eastbury Pumping Station, near Watford
- Metropolitan Water Board Railway, Kempton Park, London
- List of narrow gauge railways at water treatment and sewage works in Great Britain
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