Pump - Citizendia

This article is about a mechanical device. For other uses of the term, see Pump (disambiguation).

For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions, see Wikipedia:Village pump.

An electrically driven pump (electropump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany. A water supply network is a system of engineered Hydrologic and Hydraulic components including the watershed or geographic area that collects The Hengsteysee (Lake Hengstey is a reservoir on the Ruhr river between the cities of Hagen, Dortmund and Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of A pump moves liquids or gases from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system (such as a water system). Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the operative equipment consists of fans or blowers. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the Pressure of a Gas by reducing its Volume. HVAC (pronounced either "H-V-A-C" or occasionally " H-vak " is an Initialism or Acronym that stands for " Heating

Pumps work by using mechanical forces to push the material, either by physically lifting, or by the force of compression.

The earliest type of pump was the Archimedes screw, first used by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh in the 7th century BC, and later described in more detail by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC. The Archimedes' screw, Archimedean screw, or screwpump is a Machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into Irrigation Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Tap water ( running water) is part of indoor Plumbing, which became available in the late 19th century and common in the mid-20th century Nineveh ( Akkadian: Ninua; Aramaic: ܢܝܢܘܐ Hebrew נינוה Nīnewē; Arabic نينوى Naīnuwa) The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. Archimedes of Syracuse ( Greek:) ( c. 287 BC – c 212 BC was a Greek mathematician, Physicist, Engineer The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC ^[1] In the 13th century AD, al-Jazari described and illustrated different types of pumps, including a reciprocating pump, double-action pump with suction pipes, water pump, and piston pump. Abū al-'Iz Ibn Ismā'īl ibn al-Razāz al-Jazarī ( 1136 - 1206) (أَبُو اَلْعِزِ بْنُ إسْماعِيلِ بْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a Heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating Pistons to convert A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. Suction is the flow of a fluid into a partial Vacuum, or region of low pressure Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A piston is a component of Reciprocating engines Pumps and Gas compressors It is located in a cylinder and is made gas-tight by Piston ^[2]^[3]

1 Types
- 1.1 Positive displacement pumps
- 1.2 Kinetic Pumps
2 Application
3 Pumps as public water supplies
4 Power source
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading

Types

A two-lobe pump (multiple rotor, positive displacement type)

Pumps fall into two major groups: rotodynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps. Their names describe the method for moving a fluid.

Positive displacement pumps

A lobe pump

Hand-operated, reciprocating, positive displacement, water pump in Košice-Ťahanovce, Slovakia (walking beam pump). Lobe pumps are used in a variety of industries including Pulp and paper, Chemical, Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnology Košice (; Hungarian: Kassa; (also known by other alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. Ťahanovce 'tyahanoutse is a city part of Košice, Slovakia. The first written mention about Ťahanovce is dated back to 1263. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million

Mechanism of a scroll pump

A positive displacement pump causes a liquid or gas to move by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. A scroll compressor (also called spiral compressor, scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant The periodic fluid displacement results in a direct increase in pressure. FLUID ( F ast L ight '''U'''ser '''I'''nterface D esigner is a graphical editor that is used to produce FLTK Source code A positive displacement pump can be further classified as either

a rotary-type (for example the rotary vane),
lobe pump similar to oil pumps used in car engines, or
the Wendelkolben pump or the helical twisted Roots pump. Lobe pumps are used in a variety of industries including Pulp and paper, Chemical, Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnology

Roots-type pumps

The low pulsation rate and gentle performance of this Roots-type positive displacement pump is achieved due to a combination of its two 90° helical twisted rotors, and a triangular shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of suction and at the point of discharge. Do not confuse with Angular velocity In Physics (specifically Mechanics and Electrical engineering) angular frequency This design produces a continuous and non-vorticuless flow with equal volume. High capacity industrial "air compressors" have been designed to employ this principle as well as most "superchargers" used on internal combustion engines.

Reciprocating-type pumps

Reciprocating-type pumps use a piston and cylinder arrangement with suction and discharge valves integrated into the pump. Pumps in this category range from having "simplex" one cylinder, to in some cases "quad" four cylinders or more. Most reciprocating-type pumps are "duplex" (two) or "triplex" (three) cylinder. Furthermore, they are either "single acting" independent suction and discharge strokes or "double acting" suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered by air, steam or through a belt drive from an engine or motor. This type of pump was used extensively in the early days of steam propulsion (19th century) as boiler feed water pumps. Though still used today, reciprocating pumps are typically used for pumping highly viscous fluids including concrete and heavy oils.

Compressed-air-powered double-diaphragm pumps

Another modern application of positive displacement pumps are compressed-air-powered double-diaphragm pumps, commonly called SandPiper or Wilden Pumps after their major manufacturers. In mechanics, a diaphragm is a sheet of a semi-flexible material anchored at its periphery and most often round in shape They are relatively inexpensive and are used extensively for pumping water out of bunds, or pumping low volumes of reactants out of storage drums. Bunding, also called a bund wall, is the area within a structure designed to prevent Inundation or breaches of various types

Kinetic Pumps

Continuous energy addition
Conversion of added energy to increase in kinetic energy (increase in velocity)
Conversion of increased velocity to increase in pressure
Conversion of Kinetic head to Pressure Head. The kinetic energy of an object is the extra Energy which it possesses due to its motion
Meet all heads like Kinetic , Potential, and Pressure

Application

metering pump for gasoline and additives

Pumps are used throughout society for a variety of purposes. Early applications includes the use of the windmill or watermill to pump water. A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind This article is about a type of structure For other locational uses see Milldam. Today, the pump is used for irrigation, water supply, gasoline supply, air conditioning systems, refrigeration (usually called a compressor), chemical movement, sewage movement, flood control, marine services, etc. Plumbing, from the Latin plumbum for Lead, is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and Plumbing fixtures for The term air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for Thermal comfort. Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other

Because of the wide variety of applications, pumps have a plethora of shapes and sizes: from very large to very small, from handling gas to handling liquid, from high pressure to low pressure, and from high volume to low volume.

Pumps as public water supplies

One sort of pump once common worldwide was a hand-powered water pump over a water well where people could work it to extract water, before most houses had individual water supplies.

From this came the expression "parish pump" for "the sort of matter chattered about by people when they meet when they go to get water", "matter of only local interest".

Today, hand operated village pumps are considered the most sustainable low cost option for safe water supply in resource poor settings, often in rural areas in developing countries. A hand pump opens access to deeper groundwater that is often not polluted and also improves the safety of a well by protecting the water source from contaminated buckets. Pumps like the Afridev pump (pictured) are designed to be cheap to build and install, and easy to maintain with simple parts. It was assumed that spare parts would become available in the local market by for-profit wholesalers. However, it became clear with time that often spare parts are not available locally, because of the low profit margins for wholesalers, especially in Africa. This means that communities are often stuck without spares and cannot use their handpump anymore and have to go back to traditional and sometimes distant, polluted resources. This is unfortunate, as water projects often have put in a lot of resources to provide that community with a handpump. As a result, spare parts free handpumps are now being developed, like the Afripump.

Power source

19th century Dutch diesel pump in Rijswijk, Netherlands

Pumps have been powered by water flow (as with the noria), an internal combustion engine, electric motor, manually (as with the hand pump used for pumping groundwater, called walking beam pump), or by wind power (common for irrigation). is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands A noria (ناعورة nā‘ūra, from ܢܥܘܪܐ nā‘urā) is a machine for lifting water into an Aqueduct using energy derived from the water's The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. Handpumps are used primarily in developing nations as a manually powered means of bringing water to the surface from a Borehole, Rainwater tank or well Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops Solar power has been used to power an electric motor, for remote locations. Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life [1]

References

^ Stephanie Dalley and John Peter Oleson (January 2003). A diver's pump is a kind of pneumatic mechanism used to provide divers in Standard diving dress with air while they are underwater The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The affinity laws are used in Hydraulics and HVAC to express the relationship between several variables involved in pump or fan performance (such as head An airlift pump is a simple Pump which is powered by compressed Air. The Archimedes' screw, Archimedean screw, or screwpump is a Machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into Irrigation An axial flow pump, or AFP is a common type of Water pump that essentially consists of a Propeller in a tube For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. A bicycle pump is a type of positive-displacement Pump specifically designed for inflating Bicycle tires A boiler feedwater pump is a specific type of Pump used to pump Feedwater into a Steam Boiler. A breast pump is a mechanical device (powered manually or by electricity that extracts Milk from the Breasts of a female who is Lactating. A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic Pump that uses a rotating Impeller to increase the velocity of a fluid The chain pump is a type of water Pump where an endless chain has positioned on it a series of circular discs A circulator pump is a specific type of Pump used to circulate Gases Liquids or slurries in a closed circuit A concrete pump is a tool for transferring liquid Concrete by Pumping There are two main classifications of concrete pumps A condensate pump is a specific type of Pump used to pump the condensate ( Water) produced in an HVAC (heating or cooling or Refrigeration A Cyclic pump is an Apparatus which moves a fluid in a periodic uni-directional direction from one containment system to another while overcoming static conditions that would A diver's pump is a kind of pneumatic mechanism used to provide divers in Standard diving dress with air while they are underwater An eductor-jet Pump or Aspirator can be used for draining areas which may contain Combustible fluids (which could ignite if exposed to the workings of a An electroosmotic pump (EOP or EO pump is used for removing liquid flooding Water from channels and gas Diffusion layers and direct Hydration of the A fire pump is a part of a Fire sprinkler system's water supply A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the Pressure of a Gas by reducing its Volume. A Gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement A gerotor is a Positive displacement pumping unit The name gerotor is derived from "Generated Rotor " Handpumps are used primarily in developing nations as a manually powered means of bringing water to the surface from a Borehole, Rainwater tank or well A hydraulic ram is a cyclic water pump powered by Hydropower. A Metering pump is a Pump used to pump Liquids at adjustable Flow rates which are precise when averaged over time A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement Pump used for pumping a variety of Fluids The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a A progressive cavity pump is also known as a progressing cavity pump, eccentric screw pump or even just cavity pump and as is common in engineering generally Pumping stations are facilities including Pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another “Nodding donkey” redirects here For the train see British Rail "Pacer". A rope pump is a kind of Pump used in developing areas to raise water from wells Rope pumps consist of a PVC pipe, and a rope with The PlayPump Water System uses the energy of children at play to operate a Water pump. A scroll compressor (also called spiral compressor, scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant The Tesla turbine is a bladeless centrifugal flow Turbine expander patented by Nikola Tesla in 1913 A treadle pump is a human-powered Pump designed to lift water from a depth of seven meters or less As the name suggests a turbopump comprises basically two main components a rotodynamic Pump and a driving Turbine, both mounted on the same shaft A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial Vacuum. A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind "Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World", Technology and Culture 44 (1).
^ Al-Jazari, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices : Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya, translated by P. Abū al-'Iz Ibn Ismā'īl ibn al-Razāz al-Jazarī ( 1136 - 1206) (أَبُو اَلْعِزِ بْنُ إسْماعِيلِ بْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري Hill (1973). Springer.
^ Derek de Solla Price (1975). Review of Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. Abū al-'Iz Ibn Ismā'īl ibn al-Razāz al-Jazarī ( 1136 - 1206) (أَبُو اَلْعِزِ بْنُ إسْماعِيلِ بْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري Technology and Culture 16 (1), p. 81.

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