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Pulses are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color within a pod. A legume is a Plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae or a Fruit of these specific plants A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Pulses are used for food and animal feed.

The term pulses, as used by the FAO, is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry grain. This therefore excludes green beans and green peas, which are considered vegetable crops. Also excluded are crops that are mainly grown for oil extraction (oilseeds like soybeans and peanuts), and crops which are used exclusively for sowing (clovers, alfalfa).

Pulses are important food crops due to their high protein and essential amino acid content. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid is an Amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism (usually referring to Like many leguminous crops, pulses play a key role in crop rotation due to their ability to fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which Nitrogen is taken from its natural relatively inert molecular form (N2 in the atmosphere and converted into

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Statistics

India is both the world's largest producer and the world's largest importer of pulses. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Canada, Myanmar, Australia and the United States are significant exporters of pulses. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the These are the four most significant suppliers of India's imports, in that order.

The vast majority of leguminous crops grown in the United States are soybeans, used as livestock feed and for extraction of vegetable oil, and peanuts, neither of which is considered a pulse. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The peanut, or Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the Legume family Fabaceae native to South America, Mexico

Classification of pulses

Variety of pulses
Variety of pulses

FAO recognizes 11 primary pulses.

  1. Dry beans (Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus ( Bean, Wild Bean) is a Genus in the Family Fabaceae of about fifty Plant Species, including several species now in Vigna)
  2. Dry broad beans (Vicia faba)
  3. Dry peas (Pisum spp. Phaseolus lunatus is a Legume. It is grown for its seed which is eaten as a vegetable The azuki bean (also spelled adzuki or aduki) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small ||-||} Mung bean, also known as green bean, mung, moong, mash bean, munggo or monggo, green gram, golden Urad, also referred to as urad dal, urd bean, urd, urid, black matpe bean, black gram, black lentil The rice bean is a small hairy annual Vine which bears yellow Flowers and small edible Beans It is a minor Food and Fodder The moth bean (pronounced "moat bean" also called mat bean or Turkish gram, is a small drought-resistant annual trailing herb The Tepary bean ( Phaseolus acutifolius, Fabaceae) is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of )
    • Garden pea (Pisum sativum var. A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum sativum)
    • Protein pea (Pisum sativun var. arvense)
  4. Chickpea, Garbanzo, Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
  5. Dry cowpea, Black-eyed pea, blackeye bean (Vigna unguiculata )
  6. Pigeon pea, Toor, cajan pea, congo bean (Cajanus cajan)
  7. Lentil (Lens culinaris)
  8. Bambara groundnut, earth pea (Vigna subterranea)
  9. Vetch, common vetch (Vicia sativa)
  10. Lupins (Lupinus spp. The chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) (also garbanzo bean, Indian pea, ceci bean, bengal gram, chana, kadale kaalu, The Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata) is one of several Species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna. The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean, blackeye, 眉豆 (Cant The pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan, syn Cajanus indicus) is a perennial member of the family Fabaceae. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds The Bambara groundnut (or Bambarra groundnut) is a member of the family Fabaceae. Vicia ( Vetches) is a large genus of about 140 species of Flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the Genus Lupinus in the legume family )
  11. Minor pulses include:
    • Lablab, hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)
    • Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), sword bean (Canavalia gladiata)
    • Winged bean (Psophocarpus teragonolobus)
    • Velvet bean, cowitch (Mucuna pruriens var. The Hyacinth Bean ( Lablab purpureus, Syn Dolichos lablab L Dolichos purpureus L The Hyacinth Bean ( Lablab purpureus, Syn Dolichos lablab L Dolichos purpureus L The Genus Canavalia in the large Legume family ( Fabaceae) comprises approximately 70-75 Species of Tropical "Sword Bean" and variants redirect here This term is also used for other Legumes notably the Common Jack-bean. The Winged bean ( Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) also known as the Goa bean ( kacang botol in Malaysia is a tropical Legume Plant Mucuna pruriens ( Syn Dolichos pruriens) is a tropical legume known by a multitude of Common names (see below utilis)
    • Yam bean (Pachyrrizus erosus)

Protein content

Pulses are 20 to 25% protein by weight, which is double the protein content of wheat and three times that of rice. Pachyrhizus is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large often edible Taproots Jícama See For this reason, pulses are sometimes called "poor man’s meat". While pulses are generally high in protein, and the digestibility of that protein is also high, they often are relatively poor in the essential amino acid methionine. An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid is an Amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism (usually referring to Methionine ( abbreviated as Met or M) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2CH2CH2SCH3 Grains (which are themselves deficient in lysine) are commonly consumed along with pulses to form a complete protein diet. Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2(CH24NH2

Health

Pulses have significant nutritional and health advantages for consumers. [1] They are the most important dietary predictor of survival in older people of different ethnicities,[2] and in the Seven Countries Study, legume consumption was highly correlated with a reduced mortality from coronary heart disease. Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding [3]

References

  1. ^ Schneider AV (2002 Dec). "Overview of the market and consumption of pulses in Europe". Br J Nutr 88 (3): S243-50. doi:10.1079/BJN2002713. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 12498623.  
  2. ^ Darmadi-Blackberry I, Wahlqvist ML, Kouris-Blazos A, Steen B, Lukito W, Horie Y, Horie K. (2004). "Legumes: the most important dietary predictor of survival in older people of different ethnicities". Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 13 (2): 217-20. PMID 15228991.  
  3. ^ Menotti A, Kromhout D, Blackburn H, Fidanza F, Buzina R, Nissinen A (1999 Jul). "Food intake patterns and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: cross-cultural correlations in the Seven Countries Study. The Seven Countries Study Research Group". Eur J Epidemiol 15 (6): 507-15. PMID 10485342.  

See also

External links

Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal A legume is a Plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae or a Fruit of these specific plants Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea
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