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Pulp Fiction

Promotional artwork
Directed by Quentin Tarantino
Produced by Lawrence Bender
Written by Quentin Tarantino
Roger Avary
Starring John Travolta
Samuel L. Jackson
Uma Thurman
Bruce Willis
Harvey Keitel
Tim Roth
Amanda Plummer
Maria de Medeiros
Ving Rhames
Eric Stoltz
Rosanna Arquette
Christopher Walken
Cinematography Andrzej Sekula
Editing by Sally Menke
Distributed by Miramax Films
(U. Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Lawrence Bender (born October 17) is an American Film producer. Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Roger Roberts Avary (born August 23, 1965) is a Canadian -born motion picture director, producer and Oscar -winning Screenwriter Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor Uma Karuna Thurman ( IPA: /ˈumə ˈθɝmən/ born April 29 1970 is an Academy Award -nominated American actress. Walter Bruce Willis (March 19 1955 is an American actor and Singer-songwriter. Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor Tim Roth (born Timothy Simon Smith; 14 May 1961 is an English film Actor and director. Amanda Michael Plummer (born March 23, 1957) is an American award-winning Actress. Maria de Medeiros, DamSE (mɐˈɾiɐ dɨ mɨˈdɐiɾuʃ complete name Maria de Medeiros Esteves Vitorino de Almeida) (born August 19 Irving Rameses "Ving" Rhames (born May 12 1959) is a Golden Globe -winning American Actor. Eric Cameron Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is a Golden Globe-nominated American actor Rosanna Lauren Arquette (born August 10 1959 is a Golden Globe -nominated American actress Film director, and Film producer. Christopher Walken (born March 31 1943 is an American Film and Theatre Actor. Andrzej Sekuła (born 1954 in Wrocław, Poland) is a Polish Cinematographer and Film director. Sally Menke (born December 17 1953) is an American Film editor with more than 20 film credits dating from 1984 S. theatrical)
Release date(s) May 1994
(world premiere—Cannes Film Festival)
September 23, 1994
(U. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) S. premiere—New York Film Festival)[1]
October 14, 1994
(U. The New York Film Festival is the one of the most important film festivals in the United States first held in 1963 in New York. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) S. general release)[2]
Running time 154 min.
Country Flag of the United States United States
Language English
Budget US$8. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 5 million
Gross revenue US$107. 9 million (domestic)
US$212. 9 million (worldwide)
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Pulp Fiction is a 1994 film by director Quentin Tarantino, who cowrote the film with Roger Avary. The year 1994 in film involved some significant events Top grossing films (U Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Roger Roberts Avary (born August 23, 1965) is a Canadian -born motion picture director, producer and Oscar -winning Screenwriter A crime drama with a nonlinear storyline, the film is known for its rich, eclectic dialogue, its ironic mix of humor and violence, and its host of cinematic and pop culture references. Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single Paradigm or set of assumptions but instead draws upon multiple theories styles or ideas to Irony is a literary or Rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or Discordance between what one says or does and what one means or Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The film was nominated for seven Oscars, including Best Picture; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay. The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best script not based upon previously published material It was also awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, A major commercial success, it revitalized the career of its leading man, John Travolta, who received an Academy Award nomination, as did costars Samuel L. Jackson and Uma Thurman. Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor Uma Karuna Thurman ( IPA: /ˈumə ˈθɝmən/ born April 29 1970 is an Academy Award -nominated American actress.

The film's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century, known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the Pulp Fiction is self-referential from its opening moments, beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of "pulp". Self-reference is a phenomenon in natural or Formal languages consisting of a sentence or Formula referring to itself directly or In Motion pictures an intertitle (also known as a title card) is a piece of filmed printed text edited into the midst of (i The plot, in keeping with most of Tarantino's other works, is nonlinear. The picture's self-reflexivity, unconventional structure, and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a prime example of postmodern film. For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic Genre. Postmodernist film describes the articulation of ideas of Postmodernism through the cinematic medium. Pulp Fiction is viewed as the inspiration for many later movies that adopted various elements of its style. The nature of its development, marketing, and distribution and its consequent profitability had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema. An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several A cultural watershed, Pulp Fiction's influence has been felt in several other popular media.

Contents

Overview

Directed in a highly stylized manner, employing many cinematic allusions, Pulp Fiction joins the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters, fringe players, petty thieves, and a mysterious briefcase. An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference or representation of or to a well-known person place event literary work myth, or work of art Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Considerable screen time is devoted to conversations and monologues that reveal the characters' senses of humor and perspectives on life. Considered by some critics a black comedy,[3] the film is also frequently labeled a "neo-noir". Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation [4] Critic Geoffrey O'Brein argues otherwise:

The old-time noir passions, the brooding melancholy and operatic death scenes, would be altogether out of place in the crisp and brightly lit wonderland that Tarantino conjures up. Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation Neither neo-noir nor a parody of noir, Pulp Fiction is more a guided tour of an infernal theme park decorated with cultural detritus, Buddy Holly and Mamie Van Doren, fragments of blaxploitation and Roger Corman and Shogun Assassin, music out of a twenty-four-hour oldies station for which all the decades since the fifties exist simultaneously. Charles Hardin "Buddy" Holley (September 7 1936 – February 3 1959 was an American Singer-songwriter and a pioneer of Rock and roll. Mamie Van Doren (born February 6, 1931 some sources say 1933 is an American actress and Sex symbol. Blaxploitation is a Film genre that emerged in the United States in the early 1970s when many Exploitation films were made that targeted the urban Roger William Corman (born April 5 1926) sometimes nicknamed "King of the Bs" for his output of B-movies (though he himself rejects this as inaccurate Shogun Assassin (known in Japan as Kozure Ōkami 子連れ狼) is a very violent Jidaigeki film made for the British and American markets and released in [5]

Nicholas Christopher similarly calls it "more gangland camp than neo-noir". [6] Foster Hirsch also suggests that its "trippy fantasy landscape" characterizes it more definitively than any genre label: Set "in a world that could exist only in the movies", Pulp Fiction is "a succulent guilty pleasure, beautifully made junk food for cinéastes". Foster Hirsch is the Author of sixteen books on subjects related to theatre and Movies. [7]

In keeping with writer-director Quentin Tarantino's trademark of nonlinear storytelling, the narrative is presented out of sequence. Pulp Fiction is structured around three distinct but interrelated storylines—in Tarantino's conception, mob hitman Vincent Vega is the lead of the first story, prizefighter Butch Coolidge is the lead of the second, and Vincent's fellow contract killer, Jules Winnfield, is the lead of the third. Contract killing occurs when a private contractor or a government hires someone to kill a specific person or people for a sum of money This is a list of characters with speaking roles appearing in Quentin Tarantino 's widely noted 1994 Pulp Fiction. This is a list of characters with speaking roles appearing in Quentin Tarantino 's widely noted 1994 Pulp Fiction. This is a list of characters with speaking roles appearing in Quentin Tarantino 's widely noted 1994 Pulp Fiction. [8] Although each storyline focuses on a different series of incidents, they connect and intersect in various ways. The film starts out with a diner hold-up staged by "Pumpkin" and "Honey Bunny", then picks up the stories of Vincent, Jules, Butch, and several other important characters, including mob kingpin Marsellus Wallace, his wife, Mia, and underworld problem-solver Winston Wolf. This is a list of characters with speaking roles appearing in Quentin Tarantino 's widely noted 1994 Pulp Fiction. It finally returns to where it began, in the diner: Vincent and Jules, who have stopped in for a bite, find themselves embroiled in the hold-up. There are a total of seven narrative sequences—the three primary storylines are preceded by identifying intertitles on a black screen:

  1. Prologue—The Diner (i)
  2. Prelude to "Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife"
  3. "Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife"
  4. Prelude to "The Gold Watch" (a—flashback, b—present)
  5. "The Gold Watch"
  6. "The Bonnie Situation"
  7. Epilogue—The Diner (ii)

If the seven sequences were ordered chronologically, they would run: 4a, 2, 6, 1, 7, 3, 4b, 5. Sequences 1 and 7 partially overlap and are presented from different points of view; the same is true of sequences 2 and 6. The narrative course, with all its detours, is virtually circular, as the final scene overlaps and resolves the interrupted first scene. Reflecting on the film, Tarantino says, "One thing that's cool is that by breaking up the linear structure, when I watch the film with an audience, it does break [the audience's] alpha state. Alpha waves are Electromagnetic oscillations in the frequency range of 8–12 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent ( in phase It's like, all of a sudden, 'I gotta watch this. . . I gotta pay attention. ' You can almost feel everybody moving in their seats. It's actually fun to watch an audience in some ways chase after a movie. "[9]

Plot

"Pumpkin" (Tim Roth) and "Honey Bunny" (Amanda Plummer) are having breakfast in a diner. Tim Roth (born Timothy Simon Smith; 14 May 1961 is an English film Actor and director. Amanda Michael Plummer (born March 23, 1957) is an American award-winning Actress. They decide to rob it after realizing they could make money off not just the business but the customers as well, as occurred during their previous heist. Moments after they initiate the hold-up, the scene breaks off and the title credits roll.

As Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) drives, Vincent Vega (John Travolta) talks about his experiences in Europe, from where he has just returned—the hash bars in Amsterdam; the French McDonald's and its "Royale with Cheese. Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor The Quarter Pounder is a burger sold by international Fast food chain McDonald's. " The dress-suited pair are on their way to retrieve a briefcase from Brett (Frank Whaley), who has transgressed against their boss, gangster Marsellus Wallace. Frank Joseph Whaley (born July 20, 1963) is an American film and television actor known for his roles in Independent films Biography Jules tells Vincent how Marsellus had someone thrown off a fourth-floor balcony for giving his wife a foot massage. Vincent says that Marsellus has asked him to escort his wife while Marsellus is out of town. They conclude their banter and "get into character," which involves executing Brett in dramatic fashion after Jules recites a baleful "biblical" pronouncement.

Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife

The "famous dance scene": Vincent Vega (John Travolta) and Mia Wallace (Uma Thurman) do the twist at Jack Rabbit Slim's.
The "famous dance scene":[10] Vincent Vega (John Travolta) and Mia Wallace (Uma Thurman) do the twist at Jack Rabbit Slim's. Uma Karuna Thurman ( IPA: /ˈumə ˈθɝmən/ born April 29 1970 is an Academy Award -nominated American actress.

In a virtually empty cocktail lounge, aging prizefighter Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis) accepts a large sum of money from Marsellus (Ving Rhames), agreeing to take a dive in his upcoming match. Walter Bruce Willis (March 19 1955 is an American actor and Singer-songwriter. Irving Rameses "Ving" Rhames (born May 12 1959) is a Golden Globe -winning American Actor. In organized Sports, match fixing or game fixing occurs when a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result Butch and Vincent briefly cross paths as Vincent and Jules—now inexplicably dressed in T-shirts and shorts—arrive to deliver the briefcase. The next day, Vincent drops by the house of Lance (Eric Stoltz) and Jody (Rosanna Arquette) to score some high-grade heroin. Eric Cameron Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is a Golden Globe-nominated American actor Rosanna Lauren Arquette (born August 10 1959 is a Golden Globe -nominated American actress Film director, and Film producer. He shoots up before driving over to meet Mrs. Mia Wallace (Uma Thurman) and take her out. Uma Karuna Thurman ( IPA: /ˈumə ˈθɝmən/ born April 29 1970 is an Academy Award -nominated American actress. They head to Jack Rabbit Slim's, a 1950s-themed restaurant staffed by lookalikes of the decade's pop icons. Jack Rabbit Slim's is the fictional 1950s-themed restaurant that Vincent ( John Travolta) and Mia ( Uma Thurman) visit on their "date" Theme restaurants are Restaurants in which the concept of the restaurant takes priority over everything else influencing the Architecture, food music and overall Mia recounts her experience as an actress in a failed television pilot, "Fox Force Five. A television pilot is a test episode of an intended Television series. "

After participating in a twist contest, they return to the Wallace house with the trophy. "The Twist" was a dance in the 1960s inspired by rock and roll music While Vincent is in the bathroom convincing himself not to act on his growing attraction to his boss's wife, Mia finds Vincent's stash of heroin in the pocket of his coat. Mistaking it for cocaine, she snorts it and overdoses. Vincent finds her and fearfully rushes her to Lance's house for help. Together, they administer an adrenaline shot to Mia's heart, reviving her. Before parting ways, Mia and Vincent agree not to tell Marsellus of the incident, fearing what he might do to them.

Television time for young Butch (Chandler Lindauer) is interrupted by the arrival of Vietnam veteran Captain Koons (Christopher Walken). Christopher Walken (born March 31 1943 is an American Film and Theatre Actor. Koons explains that he has brought a gold watch, passed down through generations of Coolidge men since World War I. Butch's father died in a POW camp of dysentery, and at his dying request Koons hid the watch in his rectum for two years in order to deliver it to Butch. A bell rings, startling the adult Butch out of this reverie. He is in his boxing colors—it is time for the fight he has been paid to throw.

The Gold Watch

Butch flees the arena, having won the bout. Making his getaway by taxi, he learns from the death-obsessed driver, Esmarelda VillaLobos (Angela Jones), that he killed the opposing fighter. Angela Jones is an American Actress. She was born and raised in Greensburg Pennsylvania, a town southeast of Pittsburgh. Butch has double-crossed Marsellus, betting his payoff on himself at very favorable odds. The next morning, at the motel where he and his girlfriend, Fabienne (Maria de Medeiros), are lying low, Butch discovers that she has forgotten to pack the irreplaceable watch. Maria de Medeiros, DamSE (mɐˈɾiɐ dɨ mɨˈdɐiɾuʃ complete name Maria de Medeiros Esteves Vitorino de Almeida) (born August 19 He returns to his apartment to retrieve it, although Marsellus's men are almost certainly looking for him. Butch finds the watch quickly, but thinking he is alone, pauses for a snack. Only then does he notice a submachine gun on the kitchen counter. A submachine gun (SMG is a Firearm that combines the automatic fire of a Machine gun with the cartridge of a Pistol, and is Hearing the toilet flush, Butch readies the gun in time to kill a startled Vincent Vega exiting the bathroom.

Butch drives away but while waiting at a traffic light, Marsellus walks by and recognizes him. Butch rams Marsellus with the car and another automobile then collides with his. After a foot chase the two men land in a pawnshop. Butch is about to shoot Marsellus, when the shopowner, Maynard (Duane Whitaker), captures them at gunpoint and ties them up in a half-basement area. Duane Whitaker (born June 23, 1959) is an American actor Duane Whitaker is probably best known for his role in Quentin Tarantino's popular 1994 film Maynard is joined by Zed (Peter Greene); they take Marsellus to another room to rape him, leaving a silent masked figure referred to as "the gimp" to watch a tied-up Butch. Peter Greene (born Peter Green; October 8 1965) is an American Character actor. Gimp is a usually derogatory term used to refer to a (male or female sexual submissive person typically dressed in a black leather or rubber costume (often known as a " Butch breaks loose and knocks out the gimp. He is about to flee when he decides to save Marsellus. As Zed is raping Marsellus on a pommel horse, Butch kills Maynard with a katana. The pommel horse is an Artistic gymnastics apparatus It is traditionally used by Male Gymnasts due to intense strength requirements A is a type of Japanese sword ( nihontō) and often is called a "samurai sword Marsellus retrieves Maynard's shotgun, shooting Zed in the groin. Marsellus informs Butch that they are even with respect to the botched fight fix, so long as he never tells anyone about the rape and departs Los Angeles forever. Butch agrees and returns to pick up Fabienne on Zed's chopper. A chopper is a radically customized Motorcycle, archetypal examples of which are the customized Harley-Davidsons seen in the 1969

The Bonnie Situation

The story returns to Vincent and Jules at Brett's. After they execute him, another man (Alexis Arquette, Rosanna Arquette's brother) bursts out of the bathroom and shoots wildly at them, missing every time before an astonished Jules and Vincent can return fire. Alexis Arquette (born July 28 1969 is an American male-to-female Transgender Actress, Musician, and Cabaret Drag performer Jules decides this is a miracle and a sign from God for him to retire as a hit man. They drive off with one of Brett's associates, Marvin (Phil LaMarr), their informant. Phillip "Phil" LaMarr (born January 24 1967 is an American Actor, Comedian and voice actor, as well as one of the original cast Vincent asks Marvin for his opinion about the "miracle," accidentally shooting him in the face while carelessly waving his gun.

Forced to remove their bloodied car from the road, Jules calls upon the house of his friend Jimmy (Quentin Tarantino). Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Jimmy's wife, Bonnie, is due back from work soon and he is very anxious that she not encounter the scene. At Jules's request, Marsellus arranges for the help of Winston Wolf (Harvey Keitel). Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor Wolf takes charge of the situation, ordering Jules and Vincent to clean the car, hide the body in the trunk, cover the bloody seats with linens, dispose of their own bloody clothes, and change into T-shirts and shorts provided by Jimmy. He pays Jimmy generously from a wad of cash for his help. They drive the car to a junkyard, from where Wolf and the owner's daughter, Raquel (Julia Sweeney), head off to breakfast and Jules and Vincent decide to do the same. Julia Sweeney (born October 10, 1959) is an American actress and Comedian who lives in Hollywood California.

As Jules and Vincent eat breakfast in a Hawthorne coffee shop the discussion returns to Jules's decision to retire. In a brief cutaway, we see "Pumpkin" and "Honey Bunny" shortly before they initiate the hold-up from the movie's first scene. While Vincent is in the bathroom, the hold-up commences. "Pumpkin" demands all of the patrons' valuables, including Jules's mysterious case. Jules surprises "Pumpkin," holding him at gunpoint. "Honey Bunny," hysterical, trains her gun on Jules. Vincent emerges from the restroom with his gun trained on her, creating a Mexican standoff. Mexican standoff is a strategic deadlock or Impasse, in which no party can act in a way that ensures victory Reprising his pseudo-biblical passage, Jules expresses his ambivalence about his life of crime. As his first act of redemption, he allows the two robbers to take the cash they have gathered and go, pondering how they were spared and leaving the briefcase to be returned to Marsellus, finishing the hitman's last job for his boss.

Development and production

The first element of what would become the Pulp Fiction screenplay was written by Roger Avary in the fall of 1990:

Tarantino and Avary decided to write a short, on the theory that it would be easier to get made than a feature. Roger Roberts Avary (born August 23, 1965) is a Canadian -born motion picture director, producer and Oscar -winning Screenwriter But they quickly realized that nobody produces shorts, so the film became a trilogy, with one section by Tarantino, one by Avary, and one by a third director who never materialized. Each eventually expanded his section into a feature-length script. . . . [11]

The initial inspiration was the three-part horror anthology film Black Sabbath (1963), by Italian filmmaker Mario Bava. Black Sabbath ( Italian title I Tre volti della paura) is a 1963 Italian Horror film directed by Mario Bava Mario Bava ( July 31 1914 – April 25 1980) was an Italian director, Screenwriter, and Cinematographer The Tarantino–Avary project was provisionally titled "Black Mask", after the seminal hardboiled crime fiction magazine. Black Mask was a Pulp magazine launched in 1920 by journalist H Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the [12] Tarantino's script was produced as Reservoir Dogs, his directorial debut; Avary's, titled "Pandemonium Reigns", would form the basis for the "Gold Watch" storyline of Pulp Fiction. Reservoir Dogs is the 1992 debut Film of director and writer Quentin Tarantino. [13]

With work on Reservoir Dogs completed, Tarantino returned to the notion of a trilogy film: "I got the idea of doing something that novelists get a chance to do but filmmakers don't: telling three separate stories, having characters float in and out with different weights depending on the story. "[14] Tarantino explains that the idea "was basically to take like the oldest chestnuts that you've ever seen when it comes to crime stories—the oldest stories in the book. . . . You know, 'Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife'—the oldest story about. . . the guy's gotta go out with the big man's wife and don't touch her. You know, you've seen the story a zillion times. "[8] "I'm using old forms of storytelling and then purposely having them run awry", he says. "Part of the trick is to take these movie characters, these genre characters and these genre situations and actually apply them to some of real life's rules and see how they unravel. "[15]

Tarantino went to work on the script for Pulp Fiction in Amsterdam in March 1992. [16] He was joined there by Avary, who contributed "Pandemonium Reigns" to the project and participated in its rewriting as well as the development of the new storylines that would link up with it. [13] Two scenes originally written by Avary for the True Romance screenplay, exclusively credited to Tarantino, were incorporated into the opening of "The Bonnie Situation". True Romance is a 1993 American romantic Crime film directed by Tony Scott and written by Quentin Tarantino [17] The notion of the crimeworld "cleaner" that became the heart of the episode was inspired by a short, Curdled, that Tarantino saw at a film festival. He cast the lead actress, Angela Jones, in Pulp Fiction and later backed the filmmakers' production of a feature-length version of Curdled. Angela Jones is an American Actress. She was born and raised in Greensburg Pennsylvania, a town southeast of Pittsburgh. [18] The script included a couple of made-up commercial brands that would feature often in later Tarantino films: Big Kahuna burgers (a Big Kahuna soda cup appears in Reservoir Dogs) and Red Apple cigarettes. [19] As he worked on the script, Tarantino also accompanied Reservoir Dogs around the European film festivals. Released in the U. S. in October 1992, the picture was a critical and commercial success. In January 1993, the Pulp Fiction script was complete. [20]

Tarantino and his producer, Lawrence Bender, brought the script to Jersey Films, the production company run by Danny DeVito, Michael Shamberg, and Stacey Sher. Lawrence Bender (born October 17) is an American Film producer. Daniel Michael DeVito Jr (born November 17 1944 is an American Actor, director and producer, who first gained prominence for his portrayal Michael Shamberg (born 1945 is an American former Time-Life correspondent and current Film producer. Stacey Sher is a Film producer. Her credits include Along Came Polly, Erin Brockovich, Pulp Fiction, Before even seeing Reservoir Dogs, Jersey had attempted to sign Tarantino for his next project. [21] Ultimately a development deal worth around $1 million had been struck—the deal gave A Band Apart, Bender and Tarantino's newly formed production company, initial financing and office facilities; Jersey got a share of the project and the right to shop the script to a studio. A Band Apart was a production company created by Quentin Tarantino and Lawrence Bender. [22] Jersey had a distribution and "first look" deal with Columbia TriStar, which paid Tarantino for the right to consider exercising its option. }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company [23] In February, Pulp Fiction appeared on a Variety list of films in preproduction at TriStar. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman See also Filmmaking Pre-production is the process of preparing all the elements involved in a Film, play, or other Performance. [24] In June, however, the studio put the script into turnaround. [23] According to a studio executive, TriStar chief Mike Medavoy found it "too demented". Morris Mike Medavoy (born January 21, 1941) is an American film producer and executive co-founder of Orion Pictures (1978 former chairman [25] There were suggestions that TriStar was resistant to backing a film featuring a heroin user; there were also indications that the studio simply saw the project as too low-budget for its desired star-driven image. [26] Bender brought the script to Miramax, the formerly independent studio that had recently been acquired by Disney. Harvey Weinstein—co-chairman of Miramax, along with his brother, Bob—was instantly enthralled by the script and the company picked it up. Harvey Weinstein, CBE (Hon (born March 19, 1952) is an American Film producer and movie studio chairman For the Mayor of Ketchikan Alaska, see Bob Weinstein (Mayor. Robert Weinstein (born 1954 is an American film [27] Pulp Fiction, the first Miramax project to get a green light after the Disney acquisition, was budgeted at $8. 5 million. [28] It became the first movie that Miramax completely financed. [29] Helping hold costs down was the plan Bender executed to pay all the main actors the same amount per week, regardless of their industry status. [30] The biggest star to sign on to the project was Bruce Willis. Walter Bruce Willis (March 19 1955 is an American actor and Singer-songwriter. Though he had recently appeared in several big-budget flops, he was still a major overseas draw. On the strength of his name, Miramax garnered $11 million for the film's worldwide rights, virtually ensuring its profitability. [31]

The Pulp Fiction shoot commenced on September 20, 1993. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) [32] The lead offscreen talent had all worked with Tarantino on Reservoir Dogs—cinematographer Andrzej Sekula, film editor Sally Menke, and production designer David Wasco. Andrzej Sekuła (born 1954 in Wrocław, Poland) is a Polish Cinematographer and Film director. Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an Sally Menke (born December 17 1953) is an American Film editor with more than 20 film credits dating from 1984 Production designer is a term used in the movie and Television industries to refer to the person responsible for the overall look of a filmed event such as films According to Tarantino, "[W]e had $8 million [sic]. I wanted it to look like a $20–25 million movie. I wanted it to look like an epic. It's an epic in everything—in invention, in ambition, in length, in scope, in everything except the price tag. "[33] The film, he says, was shot "on 50 ASA film stock, which is the slowest stock they make. Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to Light. The reason we use it is that it creates an almost no-grain image, it's lustrous. Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed Photographic film due to the presence of small grains of a metallic silver developed from It's the closest thing we have to 50s Technicolor. Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation "[34] The largest chunk of the budget—$150,000—went to creating the Jack Rabbit Slim's set. [35] It was built in a Culver City warehouse, where it was joined by several other sets as well as the film's production offices. Culver City is a city in western Los Angeles County California. [36] For the costumes, Tarantino took his inspiration from French director Jean-Pierre Melville, who believed that the clothes his characters wore were their symbolic suits of armor. Jean-Pierre Melville (born Jean-Pierre Grumbach, October 20, 1917 – August 2, 1973) was a noted French Filmmaker [34] Tarantino cast himself in a modest-sized role as he had in Reservoir Dogs. One of his pop totems, Fruit Brute, a long-discontinued General Mills cereal, also returned from the earlier film. Fruit Brute was one of a line of five monster-themed breakfast cereals produced by General Mills for the North American market General Mills ( is a Fortune 500 Corporation, mainly concerned with Food products which is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota [37] The shoot wrapped on November 30. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats [38] Before Pulp Fiction's premiere, Tarantino convinced Avary to forfeit his agreed-on cowriting credit and accept a "story by" credit, so the line "Written and directed by Quentin Tarantino" could be used in advertising and onscreen. [39]

Cast

Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis), before the fight of his life. Tarantino said, "Bruce has the look of a 50s actor. I can't think of any other star that has that look."
Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis), before the fight of his life. Walter Bruce Willis (March 19 1955 is an American actor and Singer-songwriter. Tarantino said, "Bruce has the look of a 50s actor. I can't think of any other star that has that look. "[48]

Soundtrack

Main article: Pulp Fiction (soundtrack)

No film score was composed for Pulp Fiction, with Quentin Tarantino instead using an eclectic assortment of surf music, rock and roll, soul, and pop songs. Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction is the soundtrack to Quentin Tarantino 's 1994 film Pulp Fiction. A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film Surf music is a Genre of Popular music associated with Surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Dick Dale's rendition of "Misirlou" plays during the opening credits. Dick Dale (born Richard Anthony Monsour on May 4, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a Surf rock guitarist, Misirlou ( Greek: Μισιρλού "Egyptian Girl" from Turkish Mısırlı, "Egyptian" from Arabic مصر Miṣr Tarantino chose surf music as the basic musical style for the film, but not, he insists, because of its association with surfing culture: "To me it just sounds like rock and roll, even Morricone music. Ennio Morricone OMRI (born November 10, 1928) is an acclaimed Italian Academy Award -winning composer It sounds like rock and roll spaghetti Western music. Spaghetti Western, also known in some countries in mainland Europe as the Italo-Western, is a nickname for a broad sub-genre of Western "[58] Some of the songs were suggested to Tarantino by his friends Chuck Kelley and Laura Lovelace, who were credited as music consultants. Lovelace also appeared in the film as Laura, a waitress; she reprises the role in Jackie Brown. [59] The soundtrack album, Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction, was released along with the film in 1994. Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction is the soundtrack to Quentin Tarantino 's 1994 film Pulp Fiction. The album peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at number 21. The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard [60] The single, Urge Overkill's cover of the Neil Diamond song "Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon", reached number 59. Urge Overkill is an Alternative rock band formed in Chicago, United States, consisting of Nathan "Nash Kato" Katruud (vocals/guitar and Eddie Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American Singer-songwriter and occasional Actor. " Girl You'll Be a Woman Soon " is a song written by Neil Diamond, whose recording of it on Bang Records reached #10 on the U [61]

Estella Tincknell describes how the particular combination of well-known and obscure recordings helps establish the film as a "self-consciously 'cool' text. [The] use of the mono-tracked, beat-heavy style of early 1960s U. S. 'underground' pop mixed with 'classic' ballads such as Dusty Springfield's 'Son of a Preacher Man' is crucial to the film's postmodern knowningness. Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien OBE ( 16 April, 1939 &ndash 2 March, 1999) professionally known as Dusty Springfield " Son of a Preacher Man " is a song recorded by Dusty Springfield in 1968 and featured on the album Dusty in Memphis. " She contrasts the soundtrack with that of Forrest Gump, the highest-grossing film of 1994, which also relies on period pop recordings: "[T]he version of 'the sixties' offered by Pulp Fiction. Forrest Gump is a 1994 Comedy film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and the name of the title character . . is certainly not that of the publicly recognized counter-culture featured in Forrest Gump, but is, rather, a more genuinely marginal form of sub-culture based around a lifestyle—surfing, 'hanging'—that is resolutely apolitical. " The soundtrack is central, she says, to the film's engagement with the "younger, cinematically knowledgeable spectator" it solicits. [62]

Release and reception

Pulp Fiction premiered in May 1994 at the Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, The Weinsteins "hit the beach like commandos", bringing the picture's entire cast over. [63] The film was unveiled at a midnight hour screening and caused a sensation. [64][65] It won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, generating a further wave of publicity. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. [66] The first U. S. review of the film was published on May 23 in industry trade magazine Variety. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman Todd McCarthy called Pulp Fiction a "spectacularly entertaining piece of pop culture. . . a startling, massive success. "[67] From Cannes forward, Tarantino was on the road continuously, promoting the film. [68] Over the next few months it played in smaller festivals around Europe, building buzz: Nottingham, Munich, Taormina, Locarno, Norway, and San Sebastian. Taormina ( Sicilian: Taurmina; Greek: - Tauromenion; Latin Tauromenium) is a Comune and small town The Norwegian International Film Festival is a Film festival held annually in Haugesund, Norway. [69] In late September, it opened the New York Film Festival. The New York Film Festival is the one of the most important film festivals in the United States first held in 1963 in New York. At the moment a giant hypodermic needle pierced the breastplate of Uma Thurman's character, aimed straight for her heart, an audience member passed out. [70] The New York Times published its review the day of the opening. Janet Maslin called the film a "triumphant, cleverly disorienting journey through a demimonde that springs entirely from Mr. Janet Maslin (born 1948 is an American Journalist. She is best known as a film and literary critic for The New York Times Tarantino's ripe imagination, a landscape of danger, shock, hilarity and vibrant local color. . . . [He] has come up with a work of such depth, wit and blazing originality that it places him in the front ranks of American film makers. "[65]

On October 14, 1994, Pulp Fiction went into general release in the United States. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) As Peter Biskind describes, "It was not platformed, that is, it did not open in a handful of theaters and roll out slowly as word of mouth built, the traditional way of releasing an indie film; it went wide immediately, into 1,100 theaters. "[2] In the eyes of some cultural critics, Reservoir Dogs had given Tarantino a reputation for glamorizing violence. Miramax played with the issue in its marketing campaign: "You won't know the facts till you've seen the fiction", went one slogan. [71] Pulp Fiction was the top-grossing film at the box office its first weekend, edging out a Sylvester Stallone vehicle, The Specialist, which was in its second week and playing at more than twice as many theaters. Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (born July 6 1946 is an American Actor, director, producer and Screenwriter. The Specialist was a 1994 drama, Action film from Warner Bros Against its budget of $8. 5 million and about $10 million in marketing costs, Pulp Fiction wound up grossing $107. 93 million at the U. S. box office, making it the first "indie" film to surpass $100 million. Worldwide, it took in nearly $213 million. [72] In terms of domestic grosses, it was the tenth biggest film of 1994, even though it played on substantially fewer screens than any other film in the top 20. [73] Popular engagement with the film such as speculation about the contents of the precious briefcase "indicates the kind of cult status that Pulp Fiction achieved almost immediately. "[74] As MovieMaker puts it, "The movie was nothing less than a national cultural phenomenon. “Moviemaker” redirects here For the software see Windows Movie Maker. "[75] Abroad, as well: In Britain, where it opened a week after its U. S. release, not only was the film a major hit, but in book form its screenplay became the most successful in UK publishing history, a top-ten bestseller. [76]

The response of major American movie reviewers was widely favorable. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times describing it as "so well-written in a scruffy, fanzine way that you want to rub noses in it—the noses of those zombie writers who take 'screenwriting' classes that teach them the formulas for 'hit films. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. A fanzine (see also Zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre for the pleasure '"[77] Richard Corliss of Time wrote, "It towers over the year's other movies as majestically and menacingly as a gang lord at a preschool. Richard Nelson Corliss (born 1943 is a writer for Time magazine who focuses on Movies, with the occasional article on music or sports Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and It dares Hollywood films to be this smart about going this far. If good directors accept Tarantino's implicit challenge, the movie theater could again be a great place to live in. "[78] In Newsweek, David Ansen wrote, "The miracle of Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction is how, being composed of secondhand, debased parts, it succeeds in gleaming like something new. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. David Ansen is a reviewer and senior editor for Newsweek, where he has been reviewing movies since 1977 "[79] "You get intoxicated by it," wrote Entertainment Weekly's Owen Gleiberman, "high on the rediscovery of how pleasurable a movie can be. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc Owen Gleiberman (born 24 February 1959 is a film critic for Entertainment Weekly, a position he has held since the magazine's launch in 1990 I'm not sure I've ever encountered a filmmaker who combined discipline and control with sheer wild-ass joy the way that Tarantino does. "[45] "There's a special kick that comes from watching something this thrillingly alive", wrote Peter Travers of Rolling Stone. This is about the film critic For the singing colleague of Mary Travers see Peter Yarrow. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published "Pulp Fiction is indisputably great. "[80] Overall, the film attained exceptionally high ratings among U. S. reviewers: a 96% score at Rotten Tomatoes[81] and a Metascore of 94 on Metacritic. Rotten Tomatoes is a Website devoted to reviews information and news of Movies. Metacritic is a Website that collates reviews of music Albums games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and Books. [82]

The Los Angeles Times was one of the few major news outlets to publish a negative review on the film's opening weekend. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Kenneth Turan wrote, "The writer-director appears to be straining for his effects. Kenneth Turan ( (b 27 October 1946) is an American Film critic and Lecturer in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University Some sequences, especially one involving bondage harnesses and homosexual rape, have the uncomfortable feeling of creative desperation, of someone who's afraid of losing his reputation scrambling for any way to offend sensibilities. "[83] Some who reviewed it in the following weeks took more exception to the predominant critical reaction than to Pulp Fiction itself. While not panning the film, Stanley Kauffman of The New Republic felt that "the way that [it] has been so widely ravened up and drooled over verges on the disgusting. Stanley Kauffmann (b April 24, 1916, in New York City New York) is an American Film critic, Theater Critic, and The New Republic ( TNR) is an American Magazine of politics and the arts Pulp Fiction nourishes, abets, cultural slumming. "[84] Responding to comparisons between Tarantino's film and the work of French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard, especially his first, most famous feature, Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader wrote, "The fact that Pulp Fiction is garnering more extravagant raves than Breathless ever did tells you plenty about which kind of cultural references are regarded as more fruitful—namely, the ones we already have and don't wish to expand. "Nouvelle Vague" redirects here For the music group of the same name see Nouvelle Vague (band. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague The Chicago Reader is an Alternative newsweekly in Chicago, Illinois, USA Breathless (French À bout de souffle; literally "out of breath" is a 1960 Film directed by Jean-Luc Godard "[85] Observing in the National Review that "[n]o film arrives with more advance hype", John Simon was unswayed: "titillation cures neither hollowness nor shallowness". National Review ( NR) is a biweekly Magazine and Web site, founded by the late author William F John Simon (born Ivan Simon on May 12, 1925) is a Serbian-American author and literary theater and film critic [86]

Debate about the film spread beyond the review pages. Violence was often the theme. In the Washington Post, Donna Britt described how she was happy to not see Pulp Fiction on a recent weekend and thus avoid "discussing the rousing scene in which a gunshot sprays somebody's brains around a car interior". The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D [87] Some commentators took exception to the movie's frequent use of the word "nigger". Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal In the Chicago Tribune, Todd Boyd argued that the word's recurrence "has the ability to signify the ultimate level of hipness for white males who have historically used their perception of black masculinity as the embodiment of cool". The Chicago Tribune is a major daily Newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and owned by the Tribune Company [88] In Britain, James Wood, writing in The Guardian, set the tone for much subsequent criticism: "Tarantino represents the final triumph of postmodernism, which is to empty the artwork of all content, thus avoiding its capacity to do anything except helplessly represent our agonies. James Wood (born 1965 in Durham) is an English literary critic and Novelist. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. . . . Only in this age could a writer as talented as Tarantino produce artworks so vacuous, so entirely stripped of any politics, metaphysics, or moral interest. "[89]

Around the turn of the year, Pulp Fiction was named Best Picture by the National Society of Film Critics, National Board of Review, Los Angeles Film Critics Association, Boston Society of Film Critics, Southeastern Film Critics Association, and Kansas City Film Critics Circle. The National Society of Film Critics or NSFC is an American Film critic organization The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor The Los Angeles Film Critics Association ("LAFCA" was founded in 1975 The Boston Society of Film Critics (BSFC is an organization of film reviewers from Boston Massachusetts, United States, based publications The Southeastern Film Critics Association (SEFCA is an organization of film reviewers from publications based in the Southeastern United States. Tarantino was named Best Director by all six of those organizations as well as by the New York Film Critics Circle and Chicago Film Critics Association. New York Film Critics Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City -based publications The Chicago Film Critics Association is an American film critic association The screenplay won several prizes, with various awarding bodies ascribing credit differently. At the Golden Globe Awards, Tarantino, named as sole recipient of the Best Screenplay honor, failed to mention Avary in his acceptance speech. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner [90] In February 1995, the film received seven Oscar nominations—Best Picture, Director, Actor (Travolta), Supporting Actor (Jackson), Supporting Actress (Thurman), Original Screenplay, and Film Editing. At the ceremony the following month, Tarantino and Avary were announced as joint winners of the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best script not based upon previously published material [91] The furor around the film was still going strong: much of the March issue of Artforum was devoted to its critical dissection. Artforum is an international monthly magazine specializing in Contemporary art. [92] At the British Academy Film Awards, Tarantino and Avary shared the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, with Jackson winning for Best Supporting Actor. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay is the British Academy Film Award for the best script not based upon previously published material The following is a complete list of the winners and nominees for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. [93]

Influence and reputation

Pulp Fiction quickly came to be regarded as one of the most significant films of its era. In 1995, in a special edition of Siskel & Ebert devoted to Tarantino, Gene Siskel argued that Pulp Fiction posed a major challenge to the "ossification of American movies with their brutal formulas". Eugene "Gene" Kal Siskel ( January 26, 1946 &ndash February 20, 1999) was an American Film critic. In Siskel's view,

the violent intensity of Pulp Fiction calls to mind other violent watershed films that were considered classics in their time and still are. Hitchcock's Psycho [1960], Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde [1967], and Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange [1971]. Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 Psycho is a suspense / Horror film directed by auteur Alfred Hitchcock, from the Screenplay by Joseph Arthur Hiller Penn (born September 27, 1922, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a Film director and producer. Bonnie and Clyde is a American Crime film about Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, the bank robbers who operated in the Central United States A Clockwork Orange is a 1971 Satirical Science fiction Film adaptation of a 1962 novel of the same name, by Anthony Each film shook up a tired, bloated movie industry and used a world of lively lowlifes to reflect how dull other movies had become. And that, I predict, will be the ultimate honor for Pulp Fiction. Like all great films, it criticizes other movies. [94]

Ken Dancyger writes that its "imitative and innovative style"—like that of its predecessor, Reservoir Dogs—represents

a new phenomenon, the movie whose style is created from the context of movie life rather than real life. Reservoir Dogs is the 1992 debut Film of director and writer Quentin Tarantino. The consequence is twofold—the presumption of deep knowledge on the part of the audience of those forms such as the gangster films or Westerns, horror films or adventure films. A crime film, in the most general sense is a Film that involves various aspects Crime and the Criminal justice system And that the parody or alteration of that film creates a new form, a different experience for the audience. [95]

In a widely covered speech on May 31, 1995, Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole attacked the American entertainment industry for peddling "nightmares of depravity". Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time Pulp Fiction was soon associated with his charges concerning gratuitous violence. Dole had not, in fact, mentioned the film; he cited two less celebrated movies based on Tarantino screenplays, Natural Born Killers and True Romance. Natural Born Killers is a 1994 Crime film Satire directed by Oliver Stone about Serial killers and their coverage by the True Romance is a 1993 American romantic Crime film directed by Tony Scott and written by Quentin Tarantino [96] In September 1996, Dole did accuse Pulp Fiction—which he had not seen—of promoting "the romance of heroin". [97]

Paula Rabinowitz expresses the general film industry opinion that Pulp Fiction "simultaneously resurrected John Travolta and film noir". [98] In Peter Biskind's description, it created a "guys-with-guns frenzy". [99] The stylistic influence of Pulp Fiction soon became apparent. Less than a year after the picture's release, British critic Jon Ronson attended the National Film School's end-of-semester screenings and assessed the impact: "Out of the five student movies I watched, four incorporated violent shoot-outs over a soundtrack of iconoclastic 70s pop hits, two climaxed with all the main characters shooting each other at once, and one had two hitmen discussing the idiosyncrasies of The Brady Bunch before offing their victim. The National Film and Television School (NFTS was established in 1971 and is based at Beaconsfield Studios in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, 25 miles west The Brady Bunch is an American Television Situation comedy based around a large blended family. Not since Citizen Kane has one man appeared from relative obscurity to redefine the art of moviemaking. Citizen Kane ( 1941) is an American Dramatic film, and the first Feature film directed by Orson Welles, who also co-authored "[100] Among the first Hollywood films cited as its imitators were Destiny Turns on the Radio (1995), in which Tarantino acted,[94] Things To Do in Denver When You're Dead (1995),[101] and 2 Days in the Valley (1996). Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead is a 1995 movie directed by Gary Fleder and written by Scott Rosenberg. 2 Days in the Valley is a 1996 film, directed by John Herzfeld, about 48 hours in the lives of a group of people who are drawn together by a Murder [102] It "triggered a myriad of clones", writes Fiona Villella. [103] Pulp Fiction's effect on film form was still reverberating in 2007, when David Denby of The New Yorker credited it with initiating the ongoing cycle of disordered cinematic narratives. David Denby is an Senior Lecturer in French at Dublin City University. The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry [104]

Its impact on Hollywood was deeper still. According to Variety, the trajectory of Pulp Fiction from Cannes launch to commercial smash "forever altered the game" of so-called independent cinema. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several [105] It "cemented Miramax's place as the reigning indie superpower",[106] writes Biskind. "Pulp became the Star Wars of independents, exploding expectations for what an indie film could do at the box office. Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded "[107] The film's large financial return on its small budget

transform[ed] the industry's attitude toward the lowly indies. . . spawning a flock of me-too classics divisions. . . . [S]mart studio executives suddenly woke up to the fact that grosses and market share, which got all the press, were not the same as profits. . . . Once the studios realized that they could exploit the economies of (small) scale, they more or less gave up buying or remaking the films themselves, and either bought the distributors, as Disney had Miramax, or started their own. . . copy[ing] Miramax's marketing and distribution strategies. [108]

In 2001, Variety, noting the increasing number of actors switching back and forth between expensive studio films and low-budget independent or indie-style projects, suggested that the "watershed moment for movie stars" came with the decision by Willis—one of Hollywood's highest-paid performers—to appear in Pulp Fiction. [109]

And its impact was even broader than that. It has been described as a "major cultural event", an "international phenomenon" that influenced television, music, literature, and advertising. [103][110] Not long after its release, it was identified as a significant focus of attention within the growing community of Internet users. [111] Adding Pulp Fiction to his roster of "Great Movies" in 2001, Roger Ebert called it "the most influential film of the decade". [112] Four years later, Time's Corliss wrote much the same: "(unquestionably) the most influential American movie of the 90s". [113]

Vincent and Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) in their classic pose. This image represents Pulp Fiction on Time's "All-Time 100 Movies" list.
Vincent and Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) in their classic pose. Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor This image represents Pulp Fiction on Time's "All-Time 100 Movies" list.

Several scenes and images from the film achieved iconic status. Jules and Vincent's "Royale with Cheese" dialogue became famous. [114] The scene of Travolta and Thurman's characters dancing has been frequently homaged, most unambiguously in the 2005 film Be Cool, starring the same two actors. [115] The image of Travolta and Jackson's characters standing side by side in suit and tie, pointing their guns, has also become widely familiar. In 2007, BBC News reported that "London transport workers have painted over an iconic mural by 'guerrilla artist' Banksy. Banksy is a well-known pseudo-anonymous British Graffiti Artist. . . . The image depicted a scene from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, with Samuel L Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns. "[116] Certain lines were adopted popularly as catchphrases, in particular Marsellus's threat, "I'm 'a get medieval on your ass. "[117] Jules's "Ezekiel" soliloquy was voted the fourth greatest movie speech of all time in a 2004 poll. [118]

Banksy's "famous mural" was painted in 2002 and painted over by municipal workers five years later.
Banksy's "famous mural" was painted in 2002 and painted over by municipal workers five years later. Banksy is a well-known pseudo-anonymous British Graffiti Artist. [119]

Pulp Fiction now appears in several critical assessments of all-time great films. In 2007, it was voted 94th on the American Film Institute's "100 Years. The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 . . 100 Movies" list. [120] In 2005, it was named one of Time's "All-Time 100 Movies". [113] As of March 2008, it is number 9 on Metacritic's list of all-time highest scores. [121] The film ranks very highly in popular surveys. In a 2007 poll of the online film community, Pulp Fiction came in at eleventh all-time. [122] In a 2006 readers' poll by the British magazine Total Film, it ranked as the number 3 film in history. Total Film, published by Future Publishing, is the United Kingdom 's second best-selling Film Magazine. [123] It was voted as the fourth greatest film of all time in a nationwide poll for Britain's Channel 4 in 2001. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began [124] As of March 2008, it ranks fifth on the IMDb Top 250 List. [125]

Critical analysis

Tarantino has stated that he originally planned "to do a Black Mask movie", referring to the magazine largely responsible for popularizing hardboiled detective fiction. Black Mask was a Pulp magazine launched in 1920 by journalist H Hardboiled Crime fiction is a literary style pioneered by Carroll John Daly in the mid-1920s popularized by Dashiell Hammett over the course of the "[I]t kind of went somewhere else". [126] Geoffrey O'Brien sees the result as connected "rather powerfully to a parallel pulp tradition: the tales of terror and the uncanny practiced by such writers as Cornell Woolrich [and] Fredric Brown. Cornell George Hopley-Woolrich ( December 4, 1903 — September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer Fredric Brown ( October 29, 1906, Cincinnati &ndash March 11, 1972) was an American Science fiction and . . . Both dealt heavily in the realm of improbable coincidences and cruel cosmic jokes, a realm that Pulp Fiction makes its own. "[127] In particular, O'Brien finds a strong affinity between the intricate plot mechanics and twists of Brown's novels and the recursive, interweaving structure of Pulp Fiction. [128] Robert Kolker sees the "flourishes, the apparent witty banality of the dialogue, the goofy fracturing of temporality [as] a patina over a pastiche. The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic Genre. The pastiche. . . is essentially of two films that Tarantino can't seem to get out of his mind: Mean Streets [1973; directed by Martin Scorsese] and The Killing [1956; directed by Stanley Kubrick]. Mean Streets ( 1973) is an early Martin Scorsese film starring Robert De Niro and Harvey Keitel. The Killing ( is the second feature length Film noir directed by Stanley Kubrick, written by Kubrick and Jim Thompson, based on the novel "[129] He contrasts Pulp Fiction with postmodern Hollywood predecessors Hudson Hawk (1991; starring Willis) and Last Action Hero (1993; starring Arnold Schwarzenegger) that "took the joke too far. Hudson Hawk is a 1991 Film, directed by Michael Lehmann. Bruce Willis stars in the title role and also co-wrote the story Last Action Hero is a 1993 action comedy Film directed by John McTiernan. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor . . simply mocked or suggested that they were smarter than the audience" and flopped. [130] Todd McCarthy writes that the film's "striking widescreen compositions often contain objects in extreme close-up as well as vivid contrasts, sometimes bringing to mind the visual strategies of Sergio Leone", an acknowledged hero of Tarantino's. Sergio Leone ( January 3, 1929 &ndash April 30, 1989) was an Italian Film director. [67] To Martin Rubin, the "expansive, brightly colored widescreen visuals" evoke comedy directors such as Frank Tashlin and Blake Edwards. Frank Tashlin (born Francis Fredrick von Taschlein February 19, 1913 – May 5, 1972, also known as Tish Tash or Blake Edwards (born July 26, 1922) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, Screenwriter, and producer [131]

The movie's host of pop culture allusions, ranging from the famous image of Marilyn Monroe's skirt flying up over a subway grating to Jules addressing "Pumpkin" as "Ringo" because of his English accent, have led many critics to discuss it within the framework of postmodernism. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson, June 1 1926 &ndash August 5 1962 baptized Norma Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Describing the film in 2005 as Tarantino's "postmodern masterpiece. . . to date", David Walker writes that it "is marked by its playful reverence for the 1950s. . . and its constantly teasing and often deferential references to other films". He characterizes its convoluted narrative technique as "postmodern tricksiness". [132] Calling the film a "terminally hip postmodern collage", Foster Hirsch finds Pulp Fiction far from a masterpiece: "authoritative, influential, and meaningless". [133] Catherine Constable takes the moment in which a needle filled with adrenaline is plunged into the comatose Mia's heart as exemplary. She proposes that it "can be seen as effecting her resurrection from the dead, simultaneously recalling and undermining the Gothic convention of the vampire's stake. Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. On this model, the referencing of previous aesthetic forms and styles moves beyond. . . empty pastiche, sustaining an 'inventive and affirmative' mode of postmodernism. "[134]

Mark T. Conard asks, "[W]hat is the film about?" and answers, "American nihilism. Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing is a philosophical position that argues that Existence is without objective meaning Purpose "[135] Hirsch suggests, "If the film is actually about anything other than its own cleverness, it seems dedicated to the dubious thesis that hit men are part of the human family. "[102] Richard Alleva argues that "Pulp Fiction has about as much to do with actual criminality or violence as Cyrano de Bergerac with the realities of seventeenth-century France or The Prisoner of Zenda with Balkan politics. Cyrano de Bergerac is a play written in 1897 by Edmond Rostand based on the life of the real Cyrano de Bergerac. The Prisoner of Zenda is an Adventure novel by Anthony Hope, published in 1894. " He reads the movie as a form of romance whose allure is centered in the characters' nonnaturalistic discourse, "wise-guy literate, media-smart, obscenely epigrammatic". [136] In Alan Stone's view, the "absurd dialogue", like that between Vincent and Jules in the scene where the former accidentally kills Marvin, "unexpectedly transforms the meaning of the violence cliché. . . . Pulp Fiction unmasks the macho myth by making it laughable and deheroicizes the power trip glorified by standard Hollywood violence. "[137] Stone reads the film as "politically correct. Political correctness (adjectivally politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC) is a term applied to Language, ideas policies or behavior There is no nudity and no violence directed against women. . . . [It] celebrates interracial friendship and cultural diversity; there are strong women and strong black men, and the director swims against the current of class stereotype. "[137]

Where Stone sees a celebration, Kolker finds a vacuum: "The postmodern insouciance, violence, homophobia, and racism of Pulp Fiction were perfectly acceptable because the film didn't pretend seriousness and therefore didn't mock it. "[130] Calling it the "acme of postmodern nineties filmmaking", he explains, "the postmodern is about surfaces; it is flattened spatiality in which event and character are in a steady state of reminding us that they are pop-cultural figures. "[138] According to Kolker,

That's why Pulp Fiction was so popular. Not because all audiences got all or any of its references to Scorsese and Kubrick, but because the narrative and spatial structure of the film never threatened to go beyond themselves into signification. The film's cycle of racist and homophobic jokes might threaten to break out into a quite nasty view of the world, but this nastiness keeps being laughed off—by the mock intensity of the action, the prowling, confronting, perverse, confined, and airless nastiness of the world Tarantino creates. [139]

Henry A. Giroux argues that Tarantino "empties violence of any critical social consequences, offering viewers only the immediacy of shock, humor, and irony-without-insight as elements of mediation. Henry Giroux, born September 18 1943 in Providence, is a US cultural critic None of these elements gets beyond the seduction of voyeuristic gazing. . . [t]he facile consumption of shocking images and hallucinatory delight. "[140]

Homage as essence

Cinema

Pulp Fiction is full of homages to other movies. For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French "Tarantino's characters", writes Gary Groth, "inhabit a world where the entire landscape is composed of Hollywood product. Tarantino is a cinematic kleptomaniac—he literally can't help himself. "[141] Two scenes in particular have prompted discussion of the film's highly intertextual style. Intertextuality is the shaping of texts' meanings by other texts Many have assumed that the dance sequence at Jack Rabbit Slim's was intended as a reference to Travolta's star-making performance as Tony Manero in the epochal Saturday Night Fever (1977); Tarantino, however, credits a scene in the Jean-Luc Godard film Bande à part (1964) with the inspiration. Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 film starring John Travolta as Tony Manero a troubled Brooklyn youth whose weekend activities are dominated Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague Bande à Part is Nouvelle Vague 's second album released in 2006 According to the filmmaker,

Everybody thinks that I wrote this scene just to have John Travolta dancing. But the scene existed before John Travolta was cast. But once he was cast, it was like, "Great. We get to see John dance. All the better. ". . . My favorite musical sequences have always been in Godard, because they just come out of nowhere. It's so infectious, so friendly. And the fact that it's not a musical, but he's stopping the movie to have a musical sequence, makes it all the more sweet. [142]

Jerome Charyn argues that, beyond "all the better", Travolta's presence is essential to the power of the scene, and of the film:

Travolta's entire career becomes "backstory", the myth of a movie star who has fallen out of favor, but still resides in our memory as the king of disco. In Narratology, a back-story (also back story or backstory) is the history behind the situation extant at the start of the main story We keep waiting for him to shed his paunch, put on a white polyester suit, and enter the 2001 Odyssey club in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, where he will dance for us and never, never stop. Daniel Day-Lewis couldn't have woken such a powerful longing in us. He isn't part of America's own mad cosmology. . . . Tony Manero [is] an angel sitting on Vince's shoulder. . . . [Vince and Mia's] actual dance may be closer to the choreography of Anna Karina's shuffle with her two bumbling gangster boyfriends in Bande à part, but even that reference is lost to us, and we're with Tony again. Anna Karina (born Hanne Karin Blarke Bayer; September 22, 1940) is a Danish -born French Film Actress. . . . [143]

Estella Tincknell notes that while the "diner setting seems to be a simulacrum of a 'fifties' restaurant. . . the twist contest is a musical sequence which evokes 'the sixties,' while Travolta's dance performance inevitably references 'the seventies' and his appearance in Saturday Night Fever. . . . The 'past' thus becomes a more general 'pastness' in which the stylistic signifiers of various decades are loaded in to a single moment. "[144] She also argues that in this passage the film "briefly shifts from its habitually ironic discourse to one that references the conventions of the classic film musical and in doing so makes it possible for the film to inhabit an affective space that goes beyond stylistic allusion. The musical film is a Film genre in which several Songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative "[144]

The pivotal moment in which Marsellus crosses the street in front of Butch's car and notices him evokes the scene in which Marion Crane's boss sees her under similar circumstances in Psycho. Psycho is a suspense / Horror film directed by auteur Alfred Hitchcock, from the Screenplay by Joseph [145] Marsellus and Butch are soon held captive by Maynard and Zed, "two sadistic honkies straight out of Deliverance" (1972), directed by John Boorman. Deliverance is a 1972 Warner Bros motion picture drama directed by John Boorman. John Boorman (born January 18, 1933) is an English filmmaker currently based in Ireland best known for his feature films such as Point [137] Zed shares a name with Sean Connery's character in Boorman's follow-up, the science-fiction film Zardoz (1974). Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born August 25 1930) is an Academy Award - Golden Globe - and BAFTA Award -winning Scottish Zardoz is a 1974 Science fiction film written produced and directed by John Boorman. "Zed's dead" is one of the last lines spoken in that movie; in terms of the narrative chronology, it is the final utterance in Pulp Fiction. When Butch decides to rescue Marsellus, in Glyn White's words, "he finds a trove of items with film-hero resonances". [146] Critics have identified these weapons with a range of possible allusions:

Butch watches as Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames) tells Zed he's going to get worked on with a "pair of pliers and a blowtorch", a line lifted from Charley Varrick.
Butch watches as Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames) tells Zed he's going to get worked on with a "pair of pliers and a blowtorch", a line lifted from Charley Varrick. Irving Rameses "Ving" Rhames (born May 12 1959) is a Golden Globe -winning American Actor. Charley Varrick is a 1973 Crime film directed by Don Siegel and starring Walter Matthau, Andrew Robinson, Joe Don Baker

At the conclusion of the scene, a portentous line of Marsellus's echoes one from the 1973 crime drama Charley Varrick, directed by another of Tarantino's heroes, Don Siegel; the name of the character who speaks it there is Maynard. The Toolbox Murders is a 1978 Slasher film starring Cameron Mitchell, Pamelyn Ferdin, and Wesley Eure. Walking Tall is a 1973 semi-biopic of Sheriff Buford Pusser, a former Professional wrestler -turned-lawman in McNairy County The Untouchables is a 1987 crime drama film based on the 1959 television series, and follows Eliot Ness 's Autobiographical The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is a 1974 American independent Evil Dead II (also known as Evil Dead 2 Dead by Dawn) is an American Comedy horror movie released in 1987 A is a type of Japanese sword ( nihontō) and often is called a "samurai sword is a 1954 Japanese film co-written edited and directed by Akira Kurosawa. The Yakuza is a 1975 post– Film noir Gangster film directed by Sydney Pollack, written by Leonard Schrader, Paul Shogun Assassin (known in Japan as Kozure Ōkami 子連れ狼) is a very violent Jidaigeki film made for the British and American markets and released in Charley Varrick is a 1973 Crime film directed by Don Siegel and starring Walter Matthau, Andrew Robinson, Joe Don Baker Donald Siegel ( October 26, 1912 - April 20, 1991) was an influential American Film director and producer [148]

David Bell argues that far from going against the "current of class stereotype", this scene, like Deliverance, "mobilize[s] a certain construction of poor white country folk—and particularly their sexualization. . . 'rustic sexual expression often takes the form of homosexual rape' in American movies. "[149] Stephen Paul Miller believes the Pulp Fiction scene goes down much easier than the one it echoes: "The buggery perpetrated is not at all as shocking as it was in Deliverance. . . . The nineties film reduces seventies competition, horror, and taboo into an entertainingly subtle adrenaline play—a fiction, a pulp fiction. "[150] Giroux reads the rape scene homage similarly: "in the end Tarantino's use of parody is about repetition, transgression, and softening the face of violence by reducing it to the property of film history. "[151] In Groth's view, the crucial difference is that "in Deliverance the rape created the film's central moral dilemma whereas in Pulp Fiction it was merely 'the single weirdest day of [Butch's] life. '"[152]

Neil Fulwood focuses on Butch's weapon selection, writing, "Here, Tarantino's love of movies is at its most open and nonjudgemental, tipping a nod to the noble and the notorious, as well as sending up his own reputation as an enfant terrible of movie violence. L'enfant terrible (Terrible child (also spelled enfant terrible) is a French term for a child who is terrifyingly candid by saying embarrassing things to adults Moreover, the scene makes a sly comment about the readiness of cinema to seize upon whatever is to hand for its moments of mayhem and murder. "[147] White asserts that "the katana he finally, and significantly, selects identifies him with. . . honourable heroes. Honor or Honour (see spelling differences) (the latter directly from the Latin word honos honoris) is the evaluation of a person's "[146] Conard argues that the first three items symbolize a nihilism that Butch is rejecting. The traditional Japanese sword, in contrasts, represents a culture with a well-defined moral code and thus connects Butch with a more meaningful approach to life. The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over millenia from the country's prehistoric Jomon culture to its contemporary hybrid culture which combines influences from Asia Morality (from the Latin la moralitas "manner character proper behavior" has three principal meanings [153]

Television

Robert Miklitsch argues that "Tarantino's telephilia" may be more central to the guiding sensibility of Pulp Fiction than the filmmaker's love for rock 'n' roll and even cinema:

Talking about his generation, one that came of age in the '70s, Tarantino has commented that the "number one thing we all shared wasn't music, that was a Sixties thing. Our culture was television. " A random list of the TV programs referenced in Pulp Fiction confirms his observation: Speed Racer, Clutch Cargo, The Brady Bunch, The Partridge Family, The Avengers, The Three Stooges, The Flintstones, I Spy, Green Acres, Kung Fu, Happy Days, and last but not least, Mia's fictional pilot, Fox Force Five. Speed Racer is an English adaptation of the Japanese Manga and Anime, which centered on automobile racing. Clutch Cargo is an animated television series produced by Cambria Productions and syndicated beginning on March 9, 1959 The Brady Bunch is an American Television Situation comedy based around a large blended family. The Partridge Family was a successful American Television sitcom about a widowed mother and her five children who embarked on a music career The Avengers was a British Television series featuring Secret agents in 1960s Britain. The Three Stooges were an American Vaudeville and Comedy act of the early to mid–20th century best known for their numerous Short subject films The Flintstones is an animated American television sitcom that ran from 1960 to 1966 on ABC. I Spy is an American television Secret agent adventure series Green Acres is an American Television series starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City This article is specifically about the original TV series (1972–1975 "Kung Fu" Happy Days is an American Television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. [154]

"The above list, with the possible exception of The Avengers," writes Miklitsch, "suggests that Pulp Fiction has less of an elective affinity with the cinematic avant-gardism of Godard than with mainstream network programming. "[155] Jonathan Rosenbaum had brought TV into his analysis of the Tarantino/Godard comparison, acknowledging that the directors were similar in wanting to cram everything they like onscreen: "But the differences between what Godard likes and what Tarantino likes and why are astronomical; it's like comparing a combined museum, library, film archive, record shop, and department store with a jukebox, a video-rental outlet, and an issue of TV Guide. TV Guide is the name of a North American weekly magazine about television programming "[85]

Sharon Willis focuses on the way a television show (Clutch Cargo) marks the beginning of, and plays on through, the scene between young Butch and his father's comrade-in-arms. The Vietnam War veteran is played by Christopher Walken, whose presence in the role evokes his performance as a traumatized G. I. in the 1978 Vietnam War movie The Deer Hunter. The Deer Hunter is a 1978 war Drama film about a trio of Rusyn American steel worker friends and their infantry service in the Willis writes that "when Captain Koons enters the living room, we see Walken in his function as an image retrieved from a repertoire of 1970s television and movie versions of ruined masculinity in search of rehabilitation. . . . [T]he gray light of the television presiding over the scene seems to inscribe the ghostly paternal gaze. "[156] Miklitsch asserts that, for some critics, the film is a "prime example of the pernicious ooze-like influence of mass culture exemplified by their bête noire: TV. "[155] Kolker might not disagree, arguing that "Pulp Fiction is a simulacrum of our daily exposure to television; its homophobes, thugs and perverts, sentimental boxers and pimp promoters move through a series of long-take tableaux: we watch, laugh, and remain with nothing to comprehend. "[139]

Notable motifs

The mysterious briefcase

Vincent gazes into the glowing case.
Vincent gazes into the glowing case.

The combination of the mysterious suitcase is 666, the "number of the beast". The Number of the Beast is a concept from the Book of Revelation of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Tarantino has said that there is no explanation for its contents—it is simply a MacGuffin, a pure plot device. A MacGuffin (sometimes McGuffin) is a Plot device that motivates the characters or advances the story but the details of which are of little or no importance A plot device is an element introduced into a story solely to advance or resolve the plot of the story Originally, the case was to contain diamonds, but this was seen as too mundane. For filming purposes, it contained a hidden orange light bulb that produced an otherworldly glow. [157] In a 2007 video interview with fellow director and friend Robert Rodriguez, Tarantino "reveals" the secret contents of the briefcase, but the film cuts out and skips the scene in the style employed in Tarantino and Rodriguez's Grindhouse, with an intertitle that reads "Missing Reel". Robert Anthony Rodriguez (born June 20 1968 is an American director, writer, producer, Cinematographer, editor and Musician Grindhouse is a 2007 Film co-written produced and directed by Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino. The interview resumes with Rodriguez discussing how radically the "knowledge" of the briefcase's contents alters one's understanding of the movie. [158]

Lily Carver, aka Gabrielle (Gaby Rodgers), gazes into the glowing case in Kiss Me Deadly.
Lily Carver, aka Gabrielle (Gaby Rodgers), gazes into the glowing case in Kiss Me Deadly. Gaby Rodgers (née Gabrielle Rosenberg, born 29 March 1928, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany) is an actress theater director and journalist Kiss Me Deadly ( 1955) is a Film noir drama produced and directed by Robert Aldrich starring Ralph Meeker.

Despite Tarantino's statements, many solutions to this "unexplained postmodern puzzle" have been proposed. [74] A strong similarity has often been observed with the 1955 film noir Kiss Me Deadly. Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation Kiss Me Deadly ( 1955) is a Film noir drama produced and directed by Robert Aldrich starring Ralph Meeker. That movie, whose protagonist Tarantino has cited as a source for Butch, features a glowing briefcase housing an atomic explosive. [159] In scholar Paul Gormley's view, this connection with Kiss Me Deadly, and a similar one with Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), makes it possible to read the eerie glow as symbolic of violence itself. Raiders of the Lost Ark (also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 Adventure film directed by Steven [160] To Susan Fraiman, the unseen contents represent "defended, mystified, male interiority. Much valued, much vaunted, and never finally shown, this radiant, indefinable softness is locked within a hard, exterior shell. Even Jules, who wants to lose the baggage of a barricaded self, walks out of the movie clutching it still. "[161]

Jules's Bible passage

Jules ritually recites what he describes as a biblical passage, Ezekiel 25:17, before he executes someone. The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Hebrew Bible (of the Books of the Bible) named after the prophet Ezekiel. We hear the passage three times—in the introductory sequence in which Jules and Vincent reclaim Marsellus's briefcase from the doomed Brett; that same recitation a second time, at the beginning of "The Bonnie Situation", which overlaps the end of the earlier sequence; and in the epilogue at the diner. The first version of the passage is as follows:

“ The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he who in the name of charity and goodwill shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children. And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know my name is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon thee. ”

The second version is identical except for the final line: "And you will know I am the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you. "

Jules delivers the famous pronouncement before killing Brett.
Jules delivers the famous pronouncement before killing Brett.

While the final two sentences of Jules's speech are similar to the actual cited passage, the first two are fabricated from various biblical phrases. [162] The text of Ezekiel 25 preceding verse 17 indicates that God's wrath is retribution for the hostility of the Philistines. The Philistines ( Hebrew פלשתים plishtim) (see "other uses" below were a people who inhabited the southern coast of Canaan, In the King James version from which Jules's speech is adapted, Ezekiel 25:17 reads in its entirety, "And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall lay my vengeance upon them. "[163] Tarantino's primary inspiration for the speech was the work of Japanese martial arts star Sonny Chiba. For other uses see Martial arts (disambiguation Martial arts film is a Film genre that originated in the Pacific Rim. (born January 23 1939) also known as Sonny Chiba, is a Japanese actor Its text derives from an almost identical creed used in either or both the Chiba movies Bodigaado Kiba (Bodyguard Kiba or The Bodyguard; 1973) and Karate Kiba (The Bodyguard; 1976). Karate Kiba is a martial-arts film starring Sonny Chiba, released in 1976. [164] In the 1980s television series Kage no Gundan (Shadow Warriors), Chiba's character would lecture the villain-of-the-week about how the world must be rid of evil before killing him. [165] A killer delivers a similar biblical rant in Modesty Blaise, the hardback but pulp-style novel Vincent is shown with in two scenes. Modesty Blaise is the title of an action-adventure/ Spy fiction Novel by Peter O'Donnell which was first published in 1965, featuring [166]

Two critics who have analyzed the role of the speech find different ties between Jules's transformation and the issue of postmodernity. Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition Gormley argues that unlike the film's other major characters—Marsellus aside—Jules is

linked to a "thing" beyond postmodern simulation. . . . [T]his is perhaps most marked when he moves on from being a simulation of a Baptist preacher, spouting Ezekiel because it was "just a cool thing to say. . . . " In his conversion, Jules is shown to be cognizant of a place beyond this simulation, which, in this case, the film constructs as God. [167]

Adele Reinhartz writes that the "depth of Jules's transformation" is indicated by the difference in his two deliveries of the passage: "In the first, he is a majestic and awe-inspiring figure, proclaiming the prophecy with fury and self-righteousness. Adele Reinhartz is a Canadian academic and a specialist in the history and literature of Christianity and Judaism in the Greco-Roman period . . . In the second. . . he appears to be a different sort of man altogether. . . . [I]n true postmodern fashion, [he] reflects on the meaning of his speech and provides several different ways that it might pertain to his current situation. "[168] Similar to Gormley, Conard argues that as Jules reflects on the passage, it dawns on him "that it refers to an objective framework of value and meaning that is absent from his life"; to Conard, this contrasts with the film's prevalent representation of a nihilistic culture. [169] Rosenbaum finds much less in Jules's revelation: "[T]he spiritual awakening at the end of Pulp Fiction, which Jackson performs beautifully, is a piece of jive avowedly inspired by kung-fu movies. Religious Experience (also known as a spiritual, Sacred, or mystical experience is an altered state of consciousness where an It may make you feel good, but it certainly doesn't leave you any wiser. "[170]

The bathroom

Pulp Fiction is the most extreme example of Tarantino's inclination for featuring bathrooms and toilet references. [171] At Jack Rabbit Slim's, Mia goes to "powder her nose"—literally; she snorts coke in the restroom, surrounded by a bevy of women vainly primping. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant Butch and Fabienne play an extended scene in their motel bathroom, he in the shower, she brushing her teeth; the next morning, but just a few seconds later in screen time, there she is again, brushing her teeth. As Jules and Vincent confront Brett and two of his pals, a fourth man is hiding by the toilet—his actions will lead to Jules's transformative "moment of clarity". After Marvin's absurd death, Vincent and Jules wash up in Jimmie's bathroom, where they get into a contretemps over a bloody hand towel. [104] When the diner hold-up turns into a Mexican standoff, "Honey Bunny" whines, "I gotta go pee!"[172]

As described by Peter and Will Brooker, "In three significant moments Vincent retires to the bathroom [and] returns to an utterly changed world where death is threatened. Mexican standoff is a strategic deadlock or Impasse, in which no party can act in a way that ensures victory "[173] The threat increases in magnitude as the narrative progresses chronologically, and is realized in the third instance:

Vincent reads Modesty Blaise in the final scene (but number 1 in the chronology to the left).
Vincent reads Modesty Blaise in the final scene (but number 1 in the chronology to the left). Modesty Blaise is a Comic strip featuring a Fictional character of the same name created by Peter O'Donnell (writer and Jim Holdaway
  1. Vincent and Jules’s diner breakfast and philosophical conversation is aborted by an armed robbery while Vincent is reading on the toilet.
  2. While Vincent is in the bathroom worrying about the possibility of going too far with Marsellus's wife, Mia mistakes his heroin for cocaine, snorts it, and overdoses.
  3. During a stakeout at Butch’s apartment, Vincent emerges from the toilet with his book and is killed by Butch.

In the Brookers' analysis, "Through Vince. . . we see the contemporary world as utterly contingent, transformed, disastrously, in the instant you are not looking. "[173] Fraiman finds it particularly significant that Vincent is reading Modesty Blaise in two of these instances. She links this fact with the traditional derisive view of women as "the archetypal consumers of pulp":

Locating popular fiction in the bathroom, Tarantino reinforces its association with shit, already suggested by the dictionary meanings of "pulp" that preface the movie: moist, shapeless matter; also, lurid stories on cheap paper. What we have then is a series of damaging associations—pulp, women, shit—that taint not only male producers of mass-market fiction but also male consumers. Perched on the toilet with his book, Vincent is feminized by sitting instead of standing as well as by his trashy tastes; preoccupied by the anal, he is implicitly infantilized and homosexualized; and the seemingly inevitable result is being pulverized by Butch with a Czech M61 submachine gun. That this fate has to do with Vincent's reading habits is strongly suggested by a slow tilt from the book on the floor directly up to the corpse spilled into the tub. [174]

Willis reads Pulp Fiction in almost precisely the opposite direction, finding "its overarching project as a drive to turn shit into gold. This is one way of describing the project of redeeming and recycling popular culture, especially the popular culture of one's childhood, as is Tarantino's wont as well as his stated aim. "[156] Despite that, argues Fraiman, "Pulp Fiction demonstrates. . . that even an open pulpophile like Tarantino may continue to feel anxious and emasculated by his preferences. "[172]

Awards

Pulp Fiction won the following major honors:[91][93][66][175][176]

  Category — Recipient(s)
Academy Awards

Best Original Screenplay — Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary
BAFTA Awards

Best Supporting Actor — Samuel L. Jackson
Best Original Screenplay — Quentin Tarantino/Roger Avary
Cannes Film Festival

Palme d'Or — Pulp Fiction (Quentin Tarantino, director)
Golden Globe Awards

Best Screenplay (Motion Picture) — Quentin Tarantino
National Society of Film Critics

Best Film — Pulp Fiction (Quentin Tarantino, director)
Best Director — Quentin Tarantino
Best Screenplay — Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary

It also received the following nominations:[91][93][175]

  Category — Nominee(s)
Academy Awards

Best Picture (Lawrence Bender, producer) | Best Director (Quentin Tarantino)
Best Actor (John Travolta)
Best Supporting Actress (Uma Thurman)| Best Supporting Actor (Samuel L. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best script not based upon previously published material Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Roger Roberts Avary (born August 23, 1965) is a Canadian -born motion picture director, producer and Oscar -winning Screenwriter The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The following is a complete list of the winners and nominees for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor The BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay is the British Academy Film Award for the best script not based upon previously published material The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner The National Society of Film Critics or NSFC is an American Film critic organization The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Picture is an annual award given by National Society of Film Critics to honor the best film of the year The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director is an annual award given by National Society of Film Critics to honor the best film director of the year The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to artists working Lawrence Bender (born October 17) is an American Film producer. The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to recognize Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS Uma Karuna Thurman ( IPA: /ˈumə ˈθɝmən/ born April 29 1970 is an Academy Award -nominated American actress. Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts Jackson)| Best Film Editing (Sally Menke)
BAFTA Awards

Best Film (Lawrence Bender/Quentin Tarantino) | Achievement in Direction (Quentin Tarantino)
Best Actress in a Leading Role (Uma Thurman) | Best Actor in a Leading Role (John Travolta)
Best Cinematography (Andrzej Sekula) | Best Editing (Sally Menke) | Best Sound (Stephen Hunter Flick/Ken King/Rick Ash/David Zupancic)
Golden Globe Awards

Best Motion Picture (Drama) (Lawrence Bender) | Best Director (Motion Picture) (Quentin Tarantino)
Best Actor (Motion Picture—Drama) (John Travolta)
Best Supporting Actor (Motion Picture) (Samuel L. The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 Sally Menke (born December 17 1953) is an American Film editor with more than 20 film credits dating from 1984 This page lists the winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Film, BAFTA Award for Best Film not in the English Language and Alexander Korda Award for Best British Winners of the BAFTA Award for Best Direction presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role has been presented to its winners since 1952 The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role has been presented to its winners since 1952 and actors of all nationalities are 2000s 2007 - No Country for Old Men - Roger Deakins American Gangster Andrzej Sekuła (born 1954 in Wrocław, Poland) is a Polish Cinematographer and Film director. The BAFTA Award for Best Editing is one of several annual awards presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA Award for Best Sound has been presented to its winners since 1968 and Sound designers of all nationalities are This page lists the winners and nominees for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture — Drama, since its institution in 1951 This page lists the winners and nominees for the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, since its institution in 1943 Jackson) | Best Supporting Actress (Motion Picture) (Uma Thurman)

In the balloting by the National Society of Film Critics, Samuel L. Jackson was the runner-up in both the Best Actor and the Best Supporting Actor categories. The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor is an annual award given by the National Society of Film Critics to honour the best leading actor of the year The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor is an annual film award given by the National Society of Film Critics. [176]

Notes

  1. ^ "Pulp Fiction: The Facts" (2002 studio interview), Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  2. ^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 189.
  3. ^ See, e. g. , King (2002), pp. 185–7; Kempley, Rita (1994-10-14). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Pulp Fiction (R). Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. ; LaSalle, Mike (1995-09-15). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Pulp Grabs You Like a Novel. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  4. ^ See, e. g. , Waxman (2005), p. 64; Silver and Ursini (2004), p. 65; Real (1996), p. 122.
  5. ^ O'Brien (1994), p. 90.
  6. ^ Christopher (2006), p. 240. See also Rubin (1999), pp. 174–5.
  7. ^ Hirsch (1997), pp. 359, 360.
  8. ^ a b "Pulp Fiction: The Facts" (1993 location interview), Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  9. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 24, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  10. ^ Waxman (2005), p. 71.
  11. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 129.
  12. ^ a b Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 14, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  13. ^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 167; Dawson (1995), pp. 144–6; MacInnis, Craig. "Heavyweight Tarantino Won't Be Taken Lightly", Toronto Star, October 8, 1994. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  14. ^ Quoted in Lowry, Beverly. "Criminals Rendered in 3 Parts, Poetically", New York Times, September 11, 1994. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  15. ^ "Pulp Fiction: The Facts" (1994 promotional interview), Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  16. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 139.
  17. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 22, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  18. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 13, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  19. ^ Wells, Jeffrey (1996-07-12). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Searching for a Big Kahuna Burger. SouthCoast Today. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
  20. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 65; Dawson (1995), p. 147. The published version of the screenplay identifies its basis as "May 1993/last draft," incorporating brief revisions made in August, September, and October (Tarantino [1994], n. p. )
  21. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 140.
  22. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 146. Biskind (2004) says $1 million (p. 167). Polan (2000) says "close to a million dollars" (p. 68). Enhanced Trivia Track, Pulp Fiction DVD, says $900,000 (ch. 14).
  23. ^ a b Dawson (1995), p. 148.
  24. ^ TriStar Pictures Slate for 1993. Variety (1993-02-05). Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  25. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 168.
  26. ^ Polan (2000), pp. 68–69; Biskind (2004), pp. 167–8.
  27. ^ Biskind (2004), pp. 168–9.
  28. ^ Waxman (2005), p. 67; Biskind (2004), p. 170; Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), pp. 147, 148.
  29. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 149.
  30. ^ Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 148. The New York Times reported, "Most of the actors received relatively small salaries along with a percentage of the profits. " Weinraub, Bernard (1994-09-22). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians A Film Maker and the Art of the Deal. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  31. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 170. Tarantino claims the overseas sales were due to his own name; see Dawson (1995), p. 173.
  32. ^ Polan (2000), pp. 69, 70.
  33. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 8, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  34. ^ a b Dargis, Manohla. "Quentin Tarantino on Pulp Fiction", Sight and Sound, November 1994.
  35. ^ Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 159.
  36. ^ Dawson (1995), pp. 159–60.
  37. ^ Hoffman (2005), p. 46.
  38. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 164.
  39. ^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 170.
  40. ^ Bhattacharya, Sanjiv (2004-04-18). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Mr Blonde's Ambition. Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-12-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the
  41. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 68.
  42. ^ For $100,000, see e. g. , Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 3, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment). For $140,000, see e. g. , Wills, Dominic. John Travolta Biography. Tiscali. Retrieved on 2006-12-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Note again that all the main actors were paid identical weekly salaries. It appears that these figures cited for Travolta do not include his participation, if any, in the film's profits.
  43. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 154; Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 5, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  44. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 3, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  45. ^ a b Gleiberman, Owen (1994-10-10). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Pulp Fiction (1994). Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  46. ^ a b Dawson (1995), p. 155.
  47. ^ Wills, Dominic. Uma Thurman Biography. Tiscali. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  48. ^ Quoted in Dargis (1994), p. 10.
  49. ^ Bart (2000), p. 85. Willis's deal for a percentage of the box office gross was presumably on top of a base weekly salary that was identical to the other main actors', per Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 148.
  50. ^ Quoted in Dargis (1994), p. 10. As for Willis himself, "He reminds me of Aldo Ray in Jacques Tourneur's Nightfall [1956]. Aldo Ray, born Aldo DaRe ( September 25, 1926 &ndash March 27, 1991) Aldo Ray was born Aldo DaRe on September 25 1926 to Jacques Tourneur ( November 12, 1904 &ndash December 19, 1977) was a French - American Film director. Nightfall ( 1957) is a Black-and-white Film noir directed by Jacques Tourneur. I told him I could imagine Aldo Ray being great as Butch and he said, 'Yeah, I like Aldo Ray, that's a good idea. ' So I said let's go for that whole look" (ibid. ). Other sources have claimed that Butch was patterned after Ray's Nightfall role—Brooker and Brooker (1996), p. 234; Polan (1999), p. 23. Tarantino's one public statement on the topic, quoted here, is clearly devoted to Butch's look and not his personality.
  51. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 23, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  52. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 73.
  53. ^ Dawson, Jeff (December 1995). Hit Man. Empire. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  54. ^ Ving Rhames Biography. All Movie Guide. New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  55. ^ Wenn (2006-09-20). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Cobain Turned Down "Pulp Fiction" Role. Hollywood. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers
  56. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 6, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment). See also Rabin, Nathan (2003-06-25). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Interviews: Pam Grier. Onion. A. V. Club. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  57. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 189.
  58. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 162.
  59. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, chs. 1, 2, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  60. ^ Pulp Fiction: Charts & Awards/Billboard Albums. AllMusic. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.
  61. ^ Pulp Fiction: Charts & Awards/Billboard Singles. AllMusic. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
  62. ^ Tincknell (2006), p. 139.
  63. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 96.
  64. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 174.
  65. ^ a b Maslin, Janet (1994-09-23). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Pulp Fiction: Quentin Tarantino's Wild Ride On Life's Dangerous Road. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  66. ^ a b All the Awards—Festival 1994. Cannes Festival. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
  67. ^ a b McCarthy, Todd (1994-05-23). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Pulp Fiction. Variety. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  68. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 173.
  69. ^ Pulp Fiction. Variety. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  70. ^ I'm As Serious As a Heart Attack. Entertainment Weekly (1994-11-04). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  71. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 171.
  72. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 189; Waxman (2005), p. 78; Pulp Fiction. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Box Office Mojo gives $106 million in foreign grosses for a worldwide total of $213. 9 million; Biskind and Waxman apparently concur that $105m/$212. 9m are the correct figures.
  73. ^ 1994 Domestic Grosses. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  74. ^ a b Real (1996), p. 259.
  75. ^ Rose, Andy (Winter 2004). 10 Years of MovieMaker, 10 Years of Indie Film Growth. MovieMaker. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  76. ^ Dawson, pp. 171, 13.
  77. ^ Ebert, Roger (1994-10-14). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Pulp Fiction. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  78. ^ Corliss, Richard (1994-10-10). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated A Blast to the Heart. Time. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  79. ^ Ansen, David. "The Redemption of Pulp", Newsweek, October 10, 1994. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  80. ^ Travers, Peter. "Pulp Fiction", Rolling Stone, October 6, 1994. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  81. ^ Pulp Fiction (1994). Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  82. ^ Pulp Fiction. Metacritic. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  83. ^ Turan, Kenneth. "Quentin Tarantino's Gangster Rap", Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1994. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  84. ^ Kauffman, Stanley. "Shooting Up", New Republic, November 14, 1994. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  85. ^ a b Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "Allusion Profusion (Ed Wood, Pulp Fiction)", Chicago Reader, October 21, 1994. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  86. ^ Simon, John (1994-11-21). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Pulp Fiction. National Review. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  87. ^ Britt, Donna. "Let's Lose the Gory 'Gulp' Fiction", Washington Post, October 25, 1994. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  88. ^ Boyd, Todd. "Tarantino's Mantra?" Chicago Tribune, November 6, 1994. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) See also Willis (1997), pp. 211, 213, 256 n. 39.
  89. ^ Wood, James. Guardian, November 12, 1994. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
  90. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 206.
  91. ^ a b c Academy Awards for Pulp Fiction. AMPAS. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  92. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 87.
  93. ^ a b c Film Winners 1990–1999. BAFTA. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  94. ^ a b "Pulp Faction: The Tarantino Generation", Siskel & Ebert, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  95. ^ Dancyger (2002), p. 228.
  96. ^ Janofsky, Michael (1995-06-04). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Reviews by Weekend Moviegoers Are In. Dole Gets a Thumbs Down. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Lacayo, Richard (1995-06-12). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Violent Reaction. Time. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  97. ^ Gorman, Steven J. (1996-08-19). Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Dole Takes on Drug Issue: Clinton Faulted for 'Naked' Lack of Leadership. Daily News. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  98. ^ Rabinowitz (2002), p. 15.
  99. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 258.
  100. ^ Quoted in Dawson (1995), p. 207.
  101. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "The World According to Harvey and Bob (Smoke, The Glass Shield)", Chicago Reader, June 16, 1995. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995
  102. ^ a b Hirsch (1997), p. 360.
  103. ^ a b Villella, Fiona A. (January 2000). Circular Narratives: Highlights of Popular Cinema in the '90s. Senses of Cinema. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  104. ^ a b Denby, David (2007-03-05). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a The New Disorder. The New Yorker. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  105. ^ Elley, Derek (2006-05-14). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Who Launched Whom?. Variety. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
  106. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 189.
  107. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 195.
  108. ^ Biskind (2004), p. 193.
  109. ^ Koehler, Robert (2001-03-07). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus For Art's Sake. Variety. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  110. ^ Samuels, Mark (2006-11-08). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Pulp Fiction. Total Film. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. For musical influence, see, e. g. , Sarig, Roni (1996). Fun Lovin' Criminals—Come Find Yourself. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  111. ^ Butler, Robert W. "Pulp Fiction Is a Cultural Phenomenon—And That's a Fact", Kansas City Star, March 17, 1996. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)
  112. ^ Ebert, Roger (2001-06-10). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Great Movies: Pulp Fiction (1994). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
  113. ^ a b All-Time 100 Movies: Pulp Fiction (1994). Time. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  114. ^ See, e. g. , Wilson, Bee (2007-02-14). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German The Joy and Horror of Junk Food. Times Literary Supplement. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Gates, Anita (2004-08-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Movies: Critic's Choice. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed
  115. ^ Laverick, Daniel. Selling a Movie in Two Minutes—The Modern Day Film Trailer. Close-Up Film. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  116. ^ Iconic Banksy Image Painted Over. BBC News (2007-04-20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  117. ^ Dinshaw (1997), p. 116.
  118. ^ "Napalm" Speech Tops Movie Poll. BBC News (2004-01-02). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
  119. ^ £300,000 Banksy Is Wrecked. The Sun (2007-04-20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  120. ^ AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—10th Anniversary Edition. American Film Institute. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  121. ^ Metacritic.com's List of All-Time High Scores. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  122. ^ Thompson, Anne (2007-07-31). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Top 100 Film Lists: Online Cinephiles. Variety. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  123. ^ Mueller, Matt (2006-10-17). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Total Film Presents The Top 100 Movies Of All Time. Total Film. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  124. ^ Star Wars Voted Best Film Ever. BBC News (2001-11-26). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
  125. ^ IMDb Top 250. IMDb. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  126. ^ Quoted in O'Brien (1994), p. 90.
  127. ^ O'Brien (1994), pp. 90, 91.
  128. ^ O'Brien (1994), p. 91.
  129. ^ Kolker (2000), p. 249.
  130. ^ a b Kolker (2000), p. 281.
  131. ^ Rubin (1999), p. 174.
  132. ^ Walker (2005), p. 315.
  133. ^ Hirsch (1997), pp. 360, 340.
  134. ^ Constable (2004), p. 54.
  135. ^ Conard (2006), p. 125.
  136. ^ Alleva, Richard (1994-11-18). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Pulp Fiction. Commonweal. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  137. ^ a b c Stone, Alan (April/May 1995). Pulp Fiction. Boston Review. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
  138. ^ Kolker (2000), pp. 249, 250.
  139. ^ a b Kolker (2000), p. 250.
  140. ^ Giroux (1996), p. 77.
  141. ^ Groth (1997), p. 189.
  142. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 9, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  143. ^ Charyn (2006), p. 106.
  144. ^ a b Tincknell (2006), p. 140.
  145. ^ Dawson (1995), p. 178; Polan (2000), p. 19.
  146. ^ a b c d e f g White (2002), p. 342.
  147. ^ a b c d e f Fulwood (2003), p. 22.
  148. ^ Groth (1997), pp. 188–9; Dinshaw (1997), p. 186. For Tarantino's admiration of Siegel, see Dawson (1995), p. 142.
  149. ^ Bell (2000), p. 87.
  150. ^ Miller (1999), p. 76.
  151. ^ Giroux (1996), p. 78.
  152. ^ Groth (1997), p. 188.
  153. ^ Conard (2006), pp. 125, 133.
  154. ^ Miklitsch, pp. 15, 16. Note that while the Three Stooges did have an original TV series that ran briefly in the mid-1960s, they were most familiar from their cinematic shorts that were syndicated to television. Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. In Broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast Radio shows and Television shows to multiple individual stations without going through
  155. ^ a b Miklitsch, p. 16.
  156. ^ a b Willis (1997), p. 195.
  157. ^ What's In the Briefcase?. Snopes. com (2007-08-17). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
  158. ^ Rodriguez and Tarantino: Artist On Artist. MySpace. com (April 6, 2007). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
  159. ^ See, e. g. , Groth (1997), p. 188; Polan (2000), p. 20; What's in the Briefcase in Pulp Fiction?. The Straight Dope (2000-05-31). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
  160. ^ Gormley (2005), p. 164.
  161. ^ Fraiman (2003), pp. 13–14.
  162. ^ Reinhartz (2003), p. 108.
  163. ^ The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, 25. The Holy Bible: King James Version. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
  164. ^ Thomas (2003) reports that the creed appears in the opening scroll of Karate Kiba, substituting the phrase ". . . and they shall know that I am Chiba the Bodyguard. . . " (pp. 61–62). Conard (2006) reports that it is from Bodigaado Kiba and that the end phrase is "And you will know my name is Chiba the Bodyguard. . . " (p. 135, n. 4).
  165. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 4, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  166. ^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 25, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).
  167. ^ Gormley (2005), p. 167.
  168. ^ Reinhartz (2003), pp. 106, 107.
  169. ^ Conard (2006), p. 130.
  170. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "Allusion Profusion (Ed Wood, Pulp Fiction)", Chicago Reader, October 21, 1994. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Note that the avowed inspiration is actually a TV show, Kung Fu.
  171. ^ White, Mike, and Mike Thompson (spring 1995). Tarantino in a Can?. Cashiers du Cinemart. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  172. ^ a b Fraiman (2003), p. 15.
  173. ^ a b Brooker and Brooker (1996), p. 239.
  174. ^ Fraiman (2003), p. 14.
  175. ^ a b Awards Search/Pulp Fiction. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  176. ^ a b Maslin, Janet (1995-01-04). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. "Pulp Fiction" Gets Top Prize From National Film Critics. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again

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External links


Awards
Preceded by
Farewell My Concubine
tied with The Piano		 Palme d'Or
1994		 Succeeded by
Underground
Allmovie (previously All Movie Guide) is a commercial database of information about Movie stars movies and television shows. Rotten Tomatoes is a Website devoted to reviews information and news of Movies. This article is about the film for other media with the same title see Farewell My Concubine. The Piano is a 1993 Film about a mute pianist and her daughter set during the mid-19th century in a rainy muddy frontier New Zealand backwater The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. Underground ( Serbian: Подземље Podzemlje) is a 1995 award-winning Film directed by Emir Kusturica with a Screenplay
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